Low-Grade Malignancy Glomus Tumor in a Setting of Multiple Glomus Tumors – Case Report

BACKGROUND: Glomus tumors are rare neoplasms accounting for less than 2% of all soft tissue tumors but multiple lesions may be seen in up to 10% of the patients. Solitary glomus tumor (GT) most frequently appears as small nodule in specific locations such as subungual region or deep dermis. However, rarely these entities have been observed in extracutaneous locations such as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory tracts, and other visceral organs. A small fraction of the GTs may present as tumors of uncertain malignant potential or as malignant glomus tumors. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a patient with multiple glomus tumors on the time of diagnosis, which was histologically diagnosed as an atypical glomus tumor following resection of a tumor thrombus in the left renal vein, inferior vena cava trombus with intracardial extension, and mitral valve specimen. The intramuscular lesion from the thigh was diagnosed as a glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential. Further examinations revealed multiple lesions trough her body: kidneys, breast, heart and subcutaneous tissue. The diagnosis of glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential versus glomus tumor with low malignant potential could be quite challenging, and the clinical course may be as a determining factor for final diagnosis. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the only known case of glomus tumor with multiple organ involvement and aggressive biological behavior at presentation

“Transforming the Beast to A Beautyâ€- Fifteen Years into the Making - Case Report of Congenital Neurofibromatosis

BACKGROUND: In 1882, the German pathologist Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen described a series of patients with a combination of cutaneous lesions and tumours of the peripheral and central nervous system. Succeeding this paper, all of the patients with similar symptoms were given the diagnosis “von Recklinghausen diseaseâ€. In the 20th century, a distinction was made between Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) with the help of molecular testing. CASE REPORT: We are presenting the results from multiple surgical esthetic and reconstructive surgical procedures performed on a female patient with severe congenital neurofibromatosis during 15 years (2000-2015). The external appearance of our patient was not reflected in the general public’s beauty standards. Convinced that she was unusual and unaccepted by the society, she gathered all of the strength and became our patient at 15 years of age. CONCLUSION: Transforming the patient’s life in the next fifteen years improved her overall health and her life quality

Surgical Treatment of Meningiomas - Outcome Associated With Type of Resection, Recurrence, Karnofsky Performance Score, Mitotic Count

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are the type of central nervous system tumours, derived from the cells of the arachnoid membrane that are well constrained from surrounding tissues, mainly no infiltrating neoplasm with benign features. Meningiomas consist about 15-20% of all primary intracranial neoplasms. AIM: The evaluation of the outcome of the operatively treated meningiomas in relation with the Karnofsky performance score, survival, recurrence, type of the surgical excision, histological type, mitotic count (MC), localisation and volume of the lesion METHODS: In this article 40 operatively treated patients are reviewed for the outcome of the operation about the Karnofsky performance score, survival, recurrence, type of the surgical excision, histological type, mitotic count (MC), localisation and volume of the lesion. RESULTS: Association/interconnection between the mitotic count grade I and the regrowth of meningioma have been verified. Association/interconnection between the mitotic count grade I and the regrowth of meningioma have been verified. Association/interconnection between the mitotic count grade I and the regrowth of meningioma have been established. CONCLUSION: Gender, age and Karnofsky performance score have predictive value in the treatment of different types of meningiomas. The magnitude of surgical resection is associated with the regrowth of a tumour. The mitotic count in different types of meningiomas presents significant feature in the appearance of meningioma recurrence. The surgical resection and the quality and quantity of patient’s survival have a significant relation to the mitotic count of the meningiomas. There is no connection between the size and the localisation of a tumour related to different values of the mitotic count

Genome-Wide Divergence of DNA Methylation Marks in Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortices

Emerging evidence suggests that DNA methylation plays an expansive role in the central nervous system (CNS). Large-scale whole genome DNA methylation profiling of the normal human brain offers tremendous potential in understanding the role of DNA methylation in brain development and function.Using methylation-sensitive SNP chip analysis (MSNP), we performed whole genome DNA methylation profiling of the prefrontal, occipital, and temporal regions of cerebral cortex, as well as cerebellum. These data provide an unbiased representation of CpG sites comprising 377,509 CpG dinucleotides within both the genic and intergenic euchromatic region of the genome. Our large-scale genome DNA methylation profiling reveals that the prefrontal, occipital, and temporal regions of the cerebral cortex compared to cerebellum have markedly different DNA methylation signatures, with the cerebral cortex being hypermethylated and cerebellum being hypomethylated. Such differences were observed in distinct genomic regions, including genes involved in CNS function. The MSNP data were validated for a subset of these genes, by performing bisulfite cloning and sequencing and confirming that prefrontal, occipital, and temporal cortices are significantly more methylated as compared to the cerebellum.These findings are consistent with known developmental differences in nucleosome repeat lengths in cerebral and cerebellar cortices, with cerebrum exhibiting shorter repeat lengths than cerebellum. Our observed differences in DNA methylation profiles in these regions underscores the potential role of DNA methylation in chromatin structure and organization in CNS, reflecting functional specialization within cortical regions

Gaussian channel transmission of images and audio files using cryptcoding

Random codes based on quasigroups (RCBQ) are cryptcodes, i.e. they are error-correcting codes, which provide information security. Cut-Decoding and 4-Sets-Cut-Decoding algorithms for these codes are defined elsewhere. Also, the performance of these codes for the transmission of text messages is investigated elsewhere. In this study, the authors investigate the RCBQ's performance with Cut-Decoding and 4-Sets-Cut-Decoding algorithms for transmission of images and audio files through a Gaussian channel. They compare experimental results for both coding/decoding algorithms and for different values of signal-to-noise ratio. In all experiments, the differences between the transmitted and decoded image or audio file are considered. Experimentally obtained values for bit-error rate and packet error rate and the decoding speed of both algorithms are compared. Also, two filters for enhancing the quality of the images decoded using RCBQ are proposed

Craniopharyngiomas: A 20-Year-Period Evaluative Single Center Study

Introduction: Craniopharyngioma is a rare histologically benign brain tumor with potential malignant clinical course because of the high propensity of recurrence, deriving from the remnants of Ratkhe’s pouch, presenting as solid mass and partly as fluid-filled cyst. There are two main histological subtypes: adamantinomatous and papillary. The aim of this study is to evaluate statistical features of this tumor in the Republic of North Macedonia. Materials and Methods: This is a 20-year-period retrospective, single center evaluative study (1998-2018) of 40 craniopharyngioma cases operated in the University Clinic of Neurosurgery, diagnosed at the Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University ‘’Ss. Cyril and Methodius’’ in Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia on paraffin section slides routinely stained with H&E. Statistica for Windows 7 was used. Results: From total 4929 cases of benign and malignant brain tumors, craniopharyngioma comprise 40 cases (0.81%); 25 (62.5%) males (37.9 ± 17.8 years), 15 (37.5%) females (34.0 ± 25.4 years), age 3 to 68 years; Most prevalent localization: Sellar region - 11 (27.5%), cerebrum - 8 (20%). Adamantinomatous - 27 (67.5%) cases, papillary 13 (32.5%) cases. Age group distribution: the most cases - 7 (17.5%) in 0-9, 40-49, 60-69 years groups; least cases - 3 (7.5%) in 20-29 years group. Nine (22.5%) of 40 patients have had recurrent tumor (first 1-3 years). Adamantinomatous was diagnosed in 14 (51.85%) males and 13 (48.15%) females; Papillary in 11 (84.62%) males and 2 (15.38%) females. There is significant statistical difference between age groups and craniopharyngioma subtypes (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA: H = 14.86; p = 0.0274). Conclusion: We found association/correlation between gender, age and histological subtype. Papillary craniopharyngioma appears more frequently in males and adamantinomatous was most prevalent in younger patients. Keywords Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinomatous, Papillary, Recurrence, Brain tumor, Benig

Correction to: Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: eastern Europe

In the original article [1], the authors Dr Jasmin OMERAGIĆ and Dr Davor ALAGIĆ were erroneously omitted from the co-authors list