16 research outputs found

    THE ROLE OF MINERAL NUTRITION ON YIELDS AND FRUIT QUALITY IN GRAPEVINE, PEAR AND APPLE

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    ABSTRACT Fertilization of temperate fruit trees, such as grapevine ( Vitis spp.), apple ( Malus domestica), and pear ( Pyrus communis) is an important tool to achive maximum yield and fruit quality. Fertilizers are provided when soil fertility does not allow trees to express their genetic potential, and time and rate of application should be scheduled to promote fruit quality. Grapevine berries, must and wine quality are affected principally by N, that regulate the synthesis of some important compounds, such as anthocyanins, which are responsible for coloring of the must and the wine. Fermenation of the must may stop in grapes with low concentration of N because N is requested in high amount by yeasts. An N excess may increase the pulp to peel ratio, diluting the concentration of anthocyanins and promoting the migration of anthocyanins from berries to the growing plant organs; a decrease of grape juice soluble solid concentration is also expected because of an increase in vegetative growth. Potassium is also important for wine quality contributing to adequate berry maturation, concentration of sugars, synthesis of phenols and the regulation of pH and acidity. In apple and pear, Ca and K are important for fruit quality and storage. Potassium is the most important component of fruit, however, any excess should be avoided and an adequate K:Ca balance should be achieved. Adequate concentration of Ca in the fruit prevents pre- and post-harvest fruit disorders and, at the same time, increases tolerance to pathogens. Although N promotes adequate growth soil N availability should be monitored to avoid excessive N uptake that may decrease fruit skin color and storability

    āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļĄāļ­āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļŦāļ™āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ™āļģ āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĢāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļĒāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāđāļšāļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŸāļąāļ‹āļ‹āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ­āļˆāļīāļDesign Protection System for Induction Motor: A Case Study Parallel Misalignment Rotor Fault Using Fuzzy Logic

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    āļāļēāļĢāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ­āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļŦāļ™āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ™āļģāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļĨāļ”āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļšāļģāļĢāļļāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļąāļāļĢāļāļĨ āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļˆāļąāļšāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļĄāļ­āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļŦāļ™āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ™āļģ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ—āļ„āļ™āļīāļ„āļŸāļąāļ‹āļ‹āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ­āļˆāļīāļāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđ€āļĄāđ€āļšāļīāļĨāļĨāļ­āļˆāļīāļāļ„āļ­āļĨāđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĨ (PLC) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” 2 āļ­āļīāļ™āļžāļļāļ— āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āļŠāļ°āđ€āļ—āļ·āļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŸāļąāļ‡āļāđŒāļŠāļąāļ™āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļāļŽāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŸāļąāļ‹āļ‹āļĩāđˆāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 9 āļāļŽāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄ MATLAB āļˆāļēāļāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļ­āļāđāļšāļšāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļš PLC āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āļžāļļāļ—āļĢāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āđāļ­āļ™āļ°āļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‹āļ™āđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļˆāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āļŠāļ°āđ€āļ—āļ·āļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āđāļŠāļĄāļ­āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĒāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ­āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđ€āļ‹āļ™āđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļˆāļąāļšāđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āđāļ­āļ™āļ°āļĨāđ‡āļ­āļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ“āļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļąāļĨ (A to D) 4-20 āļĄāļīāļĨāļĨāļīāđāļ­āļĄāđāļ›āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ­āļīāļ™āļžāļļāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ PLC āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āđ‚āļ›āļĢāđāļāļĢāļĄāđāļĨāļ”āđ€āļ”āļ­āļĢāđŒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆāļˆāļēāļāļāļāļŸāļąāļ‹āļ‹āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļąāļĨāļāļ­āļĢāļīāļ—āļķāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĒāļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĢāđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļˆāļąāļšāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° 85 āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļ™āđˆāļēāļžāļ­āđƒāļˆ āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ­āļąāļĨāļāļ­āļĢāļīāļ—āļķāļĄāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļˆāļąāļš āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ•āļąāļ”āļŠāļīāļ™āđƒāļˆ āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĒāļļāļāļ•āđŒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļąāļāļĢāļāļĨāđ„āļŸāļŸāđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄFault protection system of induction motors is important for modern industry and cost maintenance of machine. The propose of this work is to design the detection and protection system of induction motor with using Fuzzy logic technique with Programmable Logic Control (PLC). Firstly, Fuzzy rule is designed by configure 2 input for create the membership function and create 9 fuzzy rule with Matlab and apply to create program PLC with the input used analog motor current by vibration and current sensors to convert digital input (A to D) 4-20 mA. to PLC. Secondly, protection system algorithm is designed and then this system is applied with PLC. The simulation and experimental results show that the efficiency of detection fault can be decided accuracy mean is 85% and protection have been satisfied. This study develops algorithm such as detection, decision, control and protection the application for maintenance and prevention which can be applied to the realization for electrical machine in the industry
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