Avulsión del tubérculo tibial asociada a epifisiólisis proximal de tibia

Las lesiones de la tuberosidad tibial anterior son fracturas poco frecuentes que se presentan generalmente en adolescentes. Su extensión fisaria hacia la cortical posterior constituye un hecho infrecuente. Algunos autores consideran necesaria la modificación de la clasifícacion de Watson-Jones añadiéndole un tipo IV. Se presenta un caso de epifisiólisis proximal de tibia asociada a avulsión del tubérculo tibial, se discute dicha clasificación, el mecanismo de producción y revisión de la literaturaFractures of the anterior tibial tubercle are uncommon lesions, adolescents being more frequently affected. Physeal extension through the posterior tibial cortical bone is rare. Some authors have suggested that a new type IV can be added to the Watson-Jones classiflcation. In this paper, we report a case with epiphysiolisis of the proximal tibia associated to an avulsion fracture of the anterior tibial tubercle. The Watson-Jones classiflcation, the mechanism of injury are discussed together a review of the literature

The treasure vault can be opened: large-scale genome skimming works well using herbarium and silica gel dried material

Genome skimming has the potential for generating large data sets for DNA barcoding and wider biodiversity genomic studies, particularly via the assembly and annotation of full chloroplast (cpDNA) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences. We compare the success of genome skims of 2051 herbarium specimens from Norway/Polar regions with 4604 freshly collected, silica gel dried specimens mainly from the European Alps and the Carpathians. Overall, we were able to assemble the full chloroplast genome for 67% of the samples and the full nrDNA cluster for 86%. Average insert length, cover and full cpDNA and rDNA assembly were considerably higher for silica gel dried than herbarium-preserved material. However, complete plastid genomes were still assembled for 54% of herbarium samples compared to 70% of silica dried samples. Moreover, there was comparable recovery of coding genes from both tissue sources (121 for silica gel dried and 118 for herbarium material) and only minor differences in assembly success of standard barcodes between silica dried (89% ITS2, 96% matK and rbcL) and herbarium material (87% ITS2, 98% matK and rbcL). The success rate was > 90% for all three markers in 1034 of 1036 genera in 160 families, and only Boraginaceae worked poorly, with 7 genera failing. Our study shows that large-scale genome skims are feasible and work well across most of the land plant families and genera we tested, independently of material type. It is therefore an efficient method for increasing the availability of plant biodiversity genomic data to support a multitude of downstream applications

Data from: Is there any evidence for rapid, genetically-based, climatic niche expansion in the invasive common ragweed?

Climatic niche shifts have been documented in a number of invasive species by comparing the native and adventive climatic ranges in which they occur. However, these shifts likely represent changes in the realized climatic niches of invasive species, and may not necessarily be driven by genetic changes in climatic affinities. Until now the role of rapid niche evolution in the spread of invasive species remains a challenging issue with conflicting results. Here, we document a likely genetically-based climatic niche expansion of an annual plant invader, the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), a highly allergenic invasive species causing substantial public health issues. To do so, we looked for recent evolutionary change at the upward migration front of its adventive range in the French Alps. Based on species climatic niche models estimated at both global and regional scales we stratified our sampling design to adequately capture the species niche, and localized populations suspected of niche expansion. Using a combination of species niche modeling, landscape genetics models and common garden measurements, we then related the species genetic structure and its phenotypic architecture across the climatic niche. Our results strongly suggest that the common ragweed is rapidly adapting to local climatic conditions at its invasion front and that it currently expands its niche toward colder and formerly unsuitable climates in the French Alps (i.e. in sites where niche models would not predict its occurrence). Such results, showing that species climatic niches can evolve on very short time scales, have important implications for predictive models of biological invasions that do not account for evolutionary processes

Towards an universal genome-based DNA barcode-The PhyloAlps project

International audienceThe DNA barcoding initiative, proposed in 2003, represented a big step forward in standardized DNA-based species identification. It corresponds to the use of a single or few small portions of the genome (= standard barcodes) as a discrete taxonomic character for identifying unknown specimens by comparison with a reference database. The barcoding initiative was very successful and led to the collaboration of many teams around the world, producing extensive reference databases. However, the standard barcodes were designed in the context of Sanger sequencing, and the recent development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows further developments of the barcoding initiative. In light of the PhyloAlps project aiming to sequence the whole alpine flora, we suggest to complement the standard barcode strategy with an approach taking advantage of the power of NGS. We propose to develop an extended barcode, simply composed of one or two gigabases of sequence reads obtained using shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA. From this extended barcode, we demonstrate for both an animal dataset and for a plant dataset that it is possible to extract the initial standard barcodes, the whole organelle genomes, the whole nuclear ribosomal tandem repeats, and a collection of sequence reads corresponding to single-copy DNA regions. Such an extended barcode can be generated not only for multicellular eukaryotes, but also for microorganisms via single-cell sequencing. As a consequence, the extended barcode has the potential of being truly universal, encompassing organisms from the three domains of life (eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea). After a four-year sampling effort, the PhyloAlps 6000-sequence dataset will be produced by the end of 2015 at Genoscope in France. This tremendous dataset can be considered as a large pilot experiment for this new DNA barcoding strategy

Towards an universal genome-based DNA barcode-The PhyloAlps project

International audienceThe DNA barcoding initiative, proposed in 2003, represented a big step forward in standardized DNA-based species identification. It corresponds to the use of a single or few small portions of the genome (= standard barcodes) as a discrete taxonomic character for identifying unknown specimens by comparison with a reference database. The barcoding initiative was very successful and led to the collaboration of many teams around the world, producing extensive reference databases. However, the standard barcodes were designed in the context of Sanger sequencing, and the recent development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows further developments of the barcoding initiative. In light of the PhyloAlps project aiming to sequence the whole alpine flora, we suggest to complement the standard barcode strategy with an approach taking advantage of the power of NGS. We propose to develop an extended barcode, simply composed of one or two gigabases of sequence reads obtained using shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA. From this extended barcode, we demonstrate for both an animal dataset and for a plant dataset that it is possible to extract the initial standard barcodes, the whole organelle genomes, the whole nuclear ribosomal tandem repeats, and a collection of sequence reads corresponding to single-copy DNA regions. Such an extended barcode can be generated not only for multicellular eukaryotes, but also for microorganisms via single-cell sequencing. As a consequence, the extended barcode has the potential of being truly universal, encompassing organisms from the three domains of life (eukaryotes, bacteria, archaea). After a four-year sampling effort, the PhyloAlps 6000-sequence dataset will be produced by the end of 2015 at Genoscope in France. This tremendous dataset can be considered as a large pilot experiment for this new DNA barcoding strategy

All_Amb_CoordEnv_26July2012

All Ambrosia occurrences in the French Alp

Pop Info 6Sept2012

Description of the sampled population

AllDataCG_29Oct12

All trait measured in the common garde

Is There Any Evidence for Rapid, Genetically-Based, Climatic Niche Expansion in the Invasive Common Ragweed?

<div><p>Climatic niche shifts have been documented in a number of invasive species by comparing the native and adventive climatic ranges in which they occur. However, these shifts likely represent changes in the realized climatic niches of invasive species, and may not necessarily be driven by genetic changes in climatic affinities. Until now the role of rapid niche evolution in the spread of invasive species remains a challenging issue with conflicting results. Here, we document a likely genetically-based climatic niche expansion of an annual plant invader, the common ragweed (<i>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</i> L.), a highly allergenic invasive species causing substantial public health issues. To do so, we looked for recent evolutionary change at the upward migration front of its adventive range in the French Alps. Based on species climatic niche models estimated at both global and regional scales we stratified our sampling design to adequately capture the species niche, and localized populations suspected of niche expansion. Using a combination of species niche modeling, landscape genetics models and common garden measurements, we then related the species genetic structure and its phenotypic architecture across the climatic niche. Our results strongly suggest that the common ragweed is rapidly adapting to local climatic conditions at its invasion front and that it currently expands its niche toward colder and formerly unsuitable climates in the French Alps (i.e. in sites where niche models would not predict its occurrence). Such results, showing that species climatic niches can evolve on very short time scales, have important implications for predictive models of biological invasions that do not account for evolutionary processes.</p></div

CleanAllAFLP

All sampled population AFL