Fighting evil or evil fighting? : a constructive analysis of the Bush administrations "war on terror"

The 9/11 attacks became the starting point to the Bush administrations "war on terror". This thesis confronts the measures and consequences of this war with a legal framework. There is clear evidence that in order to fight terror the Bush administration has become "outlaws" and has in this process also contributed in the distortion of the practice of international law. Preventive interventions and the use of torture are once again argued as justifiable measures when dealing with terrorist or "savages". Could there not be an alternative? Is the US forced to become criminals themselves in order to fight criminals? This may be tempting to assume but I differ from this conviction. This thesis will provide some constructive recommendations that suggest that it is possible to stay within the legal framework and still be effective in combating terrorism. I will further argue that it should be in the interest of the US to maintain international law thus the alternative is legal anarchy

Psychotic disorders in the Lundby population 1947-1997: Incidence, life-time prevalence and predictors related to personality and behaviour

The aims were to analyze the first incidence, age-at-onset, prevalence and personality related predictors of psychotic disorders in the Lundby population (n=3563) – a community population followed through four waves of field study 1947-1997. Case ascertainment included interviews, registers, case notes and key informants. Consensus diagnoses of mental illness were assessed according to a classification adapted to the Lundby Study, but in 1972-1997 also according to the DSM-IV. Mental illness 1947-1972 was rediagnosed according to the DSM-IV. Follow-ups were feasible in the majority of subjects; 99% in 1947-1972 and 94% in 1972-1997. The incidence rate was higher in males than in females for ‘substance-induced psychoses’. The incidence rates of the other psychoses did not differ between the sexes. The male mean age-at-onset was lower than that for females for ‘psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition’, ‘nonaffective psychoses’ and ‘schizophrenia’. Males and females had different incidences by age patterns for ‘nonaffective psychoses’, ‘schizophrenia’ and ‘other nonaffective psychoses’. The period prevalence 1947-1997 was higher in males than in females for ‘substance-induced psychoses’. For the other psychoses the period prevalences did not differ between the sexes. The lifetime prevalence in 1997 was higher in males than in females for the general group including any psychotic or bipolar disorder. For the specific psychoses the lifetime prevalences in 1997 did not differ significantly between the sexes. The influence of constructed dichotomous predictor variables related to premorbid personality traits in the subjects on time to occurrence of ‘functional psychosis’ and ‘schizophrenia’, respectively, was assessed by Cox regression. In multivariate and/or univariate models the predictors nervous-tense, down-semidepressed, blunt-deteriorated, paranoid-schizotypal, sensitive-frail, easily hurt and tired-distracted were associated with ‘functional psychosis’. When ‘schizophrenia’ was analyzed separately, nervous-tense remained significant and abnormal-antisocial reached significance. The findings suggest similar overall risks in males and females to contract psychosis during the life course, but with putative disorder delaying mechanisms in females and/or different aetiologies in males and females. Certain personality traits – related to anxiety-proneness, affective/cognitive blunting, poor concentration, personality cluster-A like traits and interpersonal sensitivity – may be associated with general psychosis vulnerability. Limitations: changing sample representativeness, small sample size, attrition, recall bias, changing data sources, inter-rater reliability and changing diagnostic systems during the study

Resistance to multi organ damage after hemorrhagic shock induced ischemia/reperfusion in arctic ground squirrels

•Worldwide hemorrhagic shock is the number one cause of death in trauma patients, the majority of those die from multi organ dysfunction syndrome [1, 2]. •During hemorrhagic shock (HS), the body undergoes global ischemia as blood pressure drops below the threshold at which tissues can be adequately perfused with blood. •Resistance to ischemic injury is a characteristic of hibernating mammals, including ground squirrels. •There is debate on if this resistance is dependant on hibernation season or if it is an intrinsic plasticity of the organism. QUESTION: Are AGS protected from HS‐induced ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury on the whole organism and tissue–specific levels and if any protection is dependent upon their hibernation season.University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistr

Tourism companies’ sustainability communication – creating legitimacy and value

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The Historical Development of the Midwifery Profession in Bangladesh

Sexual and reproductive health and rights have been identified as the core areas of practice, theory and research for the midwifery profession. The midwifery profession, as defined by the International Confederation of Midwives Global Standards, is new in Bangladesh. This paper aims to give an overview of the historical process that has taken place in the past decades to develop the midwifery profession in Bangladesh. The professional development of midwives is the result of many years of collaboration and relationship building among stakeholders such as the government, non-government organizations, academia, professional associations, United Nations agencies, and donors. All are working toward achieving the common goal of preventing/ reducing maternal and child mortality through education, the development of supportive laws, policies and guidelines, and the deployment of midwives. Lessons learnt from the Bangladesh experience can provide useful guidance for other countries in Asia that are currently establishing midwifery as a profession that aims to provide safe and high quality sexual, reproductive, maternal and newborn care

Building a new generation of midwifery faculty members in Bangladesh

This paper presents an initiative to build a new generation of midwifery faculty in Bangladesh, with the ultimate objective of providing insight into how to build capacity in the midwifery faculty to best utilize the existing academic, health care and policy environment. The initiative focuses on a promising approach that starts with a new generation of midwifery faculty who can lead a chain of change when separating midwifery teaching from nursing. The initiative identified four different interdependent components of equal importance, namely the initiation of master’s and bachelor’s degrees, development of accreditation guidelines and tools, and a mentorship programme. Building a new generation of midwifery faculty has the potential, despite challenges, to enhance retention, foster greater commitment for the institutions, increase research and contribute to the attainment of national goals

Tillgänglighet i den fysiska miljön i

Medelåldern ökar i vårt samhälle vilket innebär att gruppen äldre blir större. Den svenska policyn är att människor ska kunna bo kvar hemma så länge som möjligt. För att detta ska vara möjligt krävs en tillgänglig miljö. Syftet med studien var att med bedömningsinstrumentet Housing Enabler undersöka hur tillgängligheten såg ut för två personprofiler, Beroende av gånghjälpmedel respektive Synnedsättning, med en medelålder på 85 år, vid nybyggda bostäder, i Malmö stad. Frågeställningarna var att undersöka hur tillgängligheten såg ut för de båda personprofilerna och vilka hinder som åstadkom otillgänglighet för de båda personprofilerna. Resultatet visade att området hade återkommande hinder som skapade olika problem beroende på personprofil. För framtida forskning hade det varit intressant att undersöka den subjektiva användbarheten bland de boende i Flagghusområdet för att få deras syn på vilka miljöhinder som påverkar deras vardagliga aktiviteter i området

The Impact of Oil Prices in Norway on Macroeconomic Indicators

This thesis analyzes the impact of oil price shocks on the selected macroeconomic variables in Norway for the period of 1990 till 2016. Lag-length test and structural vector autoregressive models are also applied to determine the oil price shocks effect on macroeconomic indicators. We are incorporating 1990 - 2016-time horizon to show the before-crisis, during and after the crisis oil price behavior. We will show that Norwegian oil prices have a strong and significant impact on exchange rate and export per capita. In the context of significant impact, we mean the oil prices will be dependent on these macroeconomic variables. We assume to have the correlation strong. We will show that oil price increase has opposite effect on export per capita and negative impact (decrease) on industrial production index. Last hypothesis states that oil price increase cause interest rate to rise and exchange rate to appreciate.Institut ekonomických studiíInstitute of Economic StudiesFaculty of Social SciencesFakulta sociálních vě