Möglichkeiten der indirekten Planung von erwachsenengerechten Lernprozessen am Beispiel "Musiktheorie für Anfänger"

Welche pädagogischen Überlegungen gehen dem ganz gewöhnlichen Fall, dem Kursbeginn in der VHS voraus? Dies ist die zentrale Fragestellung der Ausführungen in diesem Beitrag. (DIPF/Orig.

Molecular cloning, expression analysis and assignment of the porcine tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10 gene (TNFSF10) to SSC13q34 -> q36 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping

We have cloned the complete coding region of the porcine TNFSF10 gene. The porcine TNFSF10 cDNA has an ORF of 870 nucleotides and shares 85 % identity with human TNFSF10, and 75% and 72% identity with rat and mouse Tnfsf10 coding sequences, respectively. The deduced porcine TNFSF10 protein consists of 289 amino acids with the calculated molecular mass of 33.5 kDa and a predicted pI of 8.15. The amino acid sequence similarities correspond to 86, 72 and 70% when compared with human, rat and mouse sequences, respectively. Nor-them blot analysis detected TNFSF10-specific transcripts (similar to 1.7 kb) in various organs of a 10-week-old pig, suggesting ubiquitous expression. Real-time RT-PCR studies of various organs from fetal (days 73 and 98) and postnatal stages (two weeks, eight months) demonstrated developmental and tissue-specific regulation of TNFSF10 mRNA abundance. The chromosomal location of the porcine TNFSF10 gene was determined by FISH of a specific BAC clone to metaphase chromosomes. This TNFSF10 BAC clone has been assigned to SSC13q34 -> q36. Additionally, the localization of the TNFSF10 gene was verified by RH mapping on the porcine IMpRH panel. Copyright (c) 2005S. KargerAG, Basel

Leptin promotes meiotic progression and developmental capacity of bovine oocytes via cumulus cell-independent and -dependent mechanisms

Leptin has been shown to exert positive effects during the maturation of bovine oocytes, influencing blastocyst development, apoptosis, and the transcript levels of developmentally important genes. The present study was conducted to characterize further the mechanisms of leptin action on oocytes and the role of cumulus cells (CCs) in this context. In the first series of experiments, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in serum-free medium that contained 0, 1 or 10 ng/ml leptin or in medium that was supplemented with 10% (v/v) estrus cow serum (ECS). Leptin concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml stimulated the meiotic progression of oocytes. Moreover, TUNEL staining demonstrated that these leptin doses reduced the proportion of apoptotic CCs. In the second series of experiments, COCs or denuded oocytes (DOs) were matured in the presence of 0 or 10 ng/ml leptin. The percentages of COCs and DOs with extruded polar bodies were increased by leptin. In contrast, positive effects of leptin on fertilization rates and blastocyst development were only observed after treatment of COCs but not of DOs. Leptin treatment of COCs consistently enhanced blastocyst development even after parthenogenetic activation of oocytes or after the removal of CCs before fertilization. The proportion of polyspermic oocytes was not affected by leptin treatment or oocyte denudation. In the third series of experiments, COCs were matured in the presence of 0, 1 or 10 ng/ml leptin. The transcript levels of specific genes were determined by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of cumulus cells and single oocytes. Leptin treatment increased the levels of FAS, FASLG, and STAT3 transcripts in oocytes, but did not affect the LEPR, BAX, and BIRC4 mRNA concentrations. In cumulus cells, leptin treatment increased the mRNA levels for LEPR, STAT3, BAX, BIRC4, and FAS, but did not alter FASLG mRNA abundance. In conclusion, leptin differentially regulates gene expression in oocytes and cumulus cells. Moreover, leptin enhances both oocyte maturation and developmental capacity via cumulus cell-independent and -dependent mechanisms

Prevalence and zoonotic transmission of colistin-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales on German pig farms

The treatment of infections due to colistin-resistant (Col-E) and carbapenemase-producing (CPE) Enterobacterales challenges clinicians both in human and veterinary medicine. Preventing zoonotic transmission of these multidrug-resistant bacteria is a Public Health priority. This study investigates the prevalence of Col-E and CPE on 81 pig farms in North-West Germany as well as among 138 directly exposed humans working on these farms. Between March 2018 and September 2020, 318 samples of porcine feces were taken using boot swabs. Farm workers provided a stool sample. Both a selective culture-based approach and a molecular detection of colistin (mcr-1 to mcr-5) and carbapenem resistance determinants (blaOXA-48/blaVIM/blaKPC/blaNDM) was used to screen all samples. Isolates from farm workers and farms were compared using core genome multilocus-sequence typing (cgMLST) and plasmid-typing. CPE were cultured neither from porcine feces nor from human stool samples. In one stool sample, blaOXA-48 was detected, but no respective CPE isolate was found. Col-E were found in 18/318 porcine (5.7%) samples from 10/81 (12.3%) farms and 2/138 (1.4%) farmers, respectively. All Col-E isolates were Escherichia coli harboring mcr-1. Both farm workers colonized with Col-E worked on farms where no Col-E were detected in porcine samples. In conclusion, CPE were absent on German pig farms. This supports findings of culture-based national monitoring systems and provides evidence that even when improving the diagnostic sensitivity by using molecular detection techniques in addition to culture, CPE are not prevalent. Col-E were prevalent in porcine feces despite a recent decrease in colistin usage among German livestock and absence of colistin treatments on the sampled farms. Farmers carried Col-E, but zoonotic transmission was not confirmed.Peer Reviewe

Cell arrest and cell death in mammalian preimplantation development

The causes, modes, biological role and prospective significance of cell death in preimplantation development in humans and other mammals are still poorly understood. Early bovine embryos represent a very attractive experimental model for the investigation of this fundamental and important issue. To obtain reference data on the temporal and spatial occurrence of cell death in early bovine embryogenesis, three-dimensionally preserved embryos of different ages and stages of development up to hatched blastocysts were examined in toto by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In parallel, transcript abundance profiles for selected apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Our study documents that in vitro as well as in vivo, the first four cleavage cycles are prone to a high failure rate including different types of permanent cell cycle arrest and subsequent non-apoptotic blastomere death. In vitro produced and in vivo derived blastocysts showed a significant incidence of cell death in the inner cell mass (ICM), but only in part with morphological features of apoptosis. Importantly, transcripts for CASP3, CASP9, CASP8 and FAS/FASLG were not detectable or found at very low abundances. In vitro and in vivo, errors and failures of the first and the next three cleavage divisions frequently cause immediate embryo death or lead to aberrant subsequent development, and are the main source of developmental heterogeneity. A substantial occurrence of cell death in the ICM even in fast developing blastocysts strongly suggests a regular developmentally controlled elimination of cells, while the nature and mechanisms of ICM cell death are unclear. Morphological findings as well as transcript levels measured for important apoptosis-related genes are in conflict with the view that classical caspase-mediated apoptosis is the major cause of cell death in early bovine development

Parthenogenic Blastocysts Derived from Cumulus-Free In Vitro Matured Human Oocytes

Approximately 20% of oocytes are classified as immature and discarded following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. These oocytes are obtained from gonadotropin-stimulated patients, and are routinely removed from the cumulus cells which normally would mature the oocytes. Given the ready access to these human oocytes, they represent a potential resource for both clinical and basic science application. However culture conditions for the maturation of cumulus-free oocytes have not been optimized. We aimed to improve maturation conditions for cumulus-free oocytes via culture with ovarian paracrine/autocrine factors identified by single cell analysis..Human cumulus-free oocytes from hormone-stimulated cycles are capable of developing to blastocysts when cultured with ovarian factor supplementation. Our improved IVM culture conditions may be used for obtaining mature oocytes for clinical purposes and/or for derivation of embryonic stem cells following parthenogenesis or nuclear transfer

Study of charmonium and charmonium-like contributions in B+ → J/ψηK+ decays

A study of B+→ J/ψηK+ decays, followed by J/ψ → μ+μ− and η → γγ, is performed using a dataset collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1. The J/ψη mass spectrum is investigated for contributions from charmonia and charmonium-like states. Evidence is found for the B+→ (ψ2(3823) → J/ψη)K+ and B+→ (ψ(4040) → J/ψη)K+ decays with significance of 3.4 and 4.7 standard deviations, respectively. This constitutes the first evidence for the ψ2(3823) → J/ψη decay

Observation of the doubly charmed baryon decay Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+

The Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+ decay is observed using proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1. The Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+ decay is reconstructed partially, where the photon from the Ξc′+→Ξc+γ decay is not reconstructed and the pK−π+ final state of the Ξc+ baryon is employed. The Ξcc++→Ξc′+π+branching fraction relative to that of the Ξcc++→Ξc+π+ decay is measured to be 1.41 ± 0.17 ± 0.10, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Test of lepton universality in b→sℓ+ℓ−b \rightarrow s \ell^+ \ell^- decays

The first simultaneous test of muon-electron universality using $B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ and $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ decays is performed, in two ranges of the dilepton invariant-mass squared, $q^{2}$. The analysis uses beauty mesons produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. Each of the four lepton universality measurements reported is either the first in the given $q^{2}$ interval or supersedes previous LHCb measurements. The results are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-046.html (LHCb public pages