Un dispositif de filtre en énergie couplé à un spectromètre de masse quadrupolaire pour le dépôt d'ions moléculaires sur des surfaces isolantes avec énergie contrôlée

L'électronique moléculaire constitue une alternative technologique pour la nanoélectronique. Ce domaine nécessite l'invention de nouveaux équipements afin de pouvoir déposer de grosses molécules fragiles sur des surfaces isolantes sous ultra haut vide (UHV). Conserver intacte la structure spécifique de la molécule après adsorption est primordial pour les fonctionnalités du dispositif envisagé. La technique de dépôt généralement utilisée pour déposer des atomes et molécules neutres sous UHV est l'évaporation thermique. Cette technique est cependant trop énergétique pour déposer des molécules fragiles. Il est donc nécessaire de concevoir des procédés de dépôt moins destructifs utilisant un spectromètre de masse. L'appareil commercial utilisé pour notre étude est un spectromètre de masse Finnigan triple quadrupôle TSQ700, couplé à un équipement multi-chambres, sous UHV, appelé " Dinamo " UHV Factory. Afin de transformer le TSQ700 en source d'ions de basse énergie, nous avons étudié la distribution en énergie des ions, avec le logiciel SIMION(r). Cette étude a révélé que le faisceau d'ions présentait une trainée à haute énergie pouvant aller jusqu'à 1500 eV. Pour trier en énergie le faisceau d'ions, nous avons choisi d'ajouter un secteur électrostatique. Une mesure du courant d'ions en sortie du secteur électrostatique montre que la trainée haute énergie a bien été supprimée. Le spectromètre modifié a été utilisé pour déposer des ions CF3+ sur une surface de KBr (001) caractérisée par la suite par microscopie à force atomique en mode non contact (NC-AFM) et par microscopie à sonde de Kelvin (KPFM). Les observations KPFM confirme la présence de charges positives en surface.Molecular electronics is an alternative technology for nanoelectronics. It requires the conception of new equipments in order to deposit large and fragile molecules on insulating surfaces under ultra high vacuum (UHV). Keeping intact the deposited molecules is essential for the functionality of the fabricated devices. The most generally used deposition technique for molecules under UHV is thermal evaporation. However, this technique is often detrimental for fragile molecules. The development of less destructive deposition methods is therefore needed. An alternative technique is based on the use of a dedicated mass spectrometer. The commercial device used for our study is a Finnigan triple quadrupole mass spectrometer TSQ700 coupled to a multi-chamber equipment under UHV called " Dinamo " UHV Factory. To transform the TSQ700 in a low energy ion source, we studied the energy distribution of the ions at the exit of the analyzer by using the simulation software SIMION(r). This study revealed that the ion beam displays a high energy tail up to 1500 eV. The ion beam must then be filtered in energy in order to remove the high energy tail. To filter the ions in energy, we decided to add an electrostatic sector. The ion current measured at the output of electrostatic sector showed that the high-energy tail has been removed after this modification. The modified spectrometer was used to deposit CF3+ ions on a KBr(001) surface then characterized by Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy (NC-AFM) and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). KPFM observations are consistent with the presence of positive charges

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Un dispositif de filtre en énergie couplé à un spectromètre de masse quadrupolaire pour le dépôt d'ions moléculaires sur des surfaces isolantes avec énergie contrôlée

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Troubles musculo-squelettiques liés au travail

International audienceWork-related musculoskeletal disorders. Upper-limb musculoskeletal disorders are painful conditions related to the overuse of periarticular soft tissues. The main musculoskeletal disorders are rotator cuff tendinopathy, epicondylalgia, carpal tunnel syndrome and non-specific pain. Musculoskeletal disorders affect millions of European workers and represent the first problem of health at work in the European Union. They testify to the intensification of working conditions affecting a growing number of workers in the industry and services sectors. Their impact in terms of pain and disruption of career, but also economic costs, make them a priority of health at work. They are multifactorial disorders associated with individual and occupational (biomechanical, psychosocial and factors related to work organization) risk factors. Prevention requires a global and integrated approach focusing on the reduction of the exposure to working constraints, early diagnosis and management and, if necessary, an intervention of stay at work.Troubles musculo-squelettiques liés au travail. Les troubles musculo-squelettiques du membre supérieur regroupent des affections douloureuses en lien avec l’hypersollicitation des tissus mous périarticulaires. Les principaux sont les tendinopathies de la coiffe des rotateurs de l’épaule, les épicondylalgies, le syndrome du canal carpien et les syndromes douloureux non spécifiques. Ils affectent des millions de travailleurs européens et représentent le premier problème de santé au travail dans l’Union européenne. Ils témoignent de l’intensification des conditions de travail qui affecte un nombre croissant de travailleurs de l’industrie et des services. Leur répercussion en termes de souffrance et d’interruption des parcours professionnels, mais aussi de coûts économiques, en font une priorité de santé au travail. Les troubles musculo-squelettiques sont des maladies multifactorielles faisant intervenir des facteurs de susceptibilité individuelle et des facteurs professionnels, non seulement biomécaniques mais aussi psychosociaux et organisationnels au travail. Leur prévention nécessite une approche globale et intégrée, privilégiant la réduction des risques à la source par une action en milieu de travail, le dépistage et la prise en charge précoce des travailleurs et, si nécessaire, une intervention de maintien en emploi.</p

Troubles musculo-squelettiques : comment les reconnaître en maladie professionnelle ?

International audienceMusculoskeletal disorders: how to recognize them as occupational disease? Musculoskeletal disorders can be recognized as occupational diseases. The declaration of an occupational disease is the responsibility of the victim. The doctor has the duty to inform his patient about the advantages and disadvantages related to this declaration which are related to the medical and socio-professional situation of each patient. In parallel, the intervention of the occupational physician can support the return to and the staying at work of the patient-worker

Épidémiologie des maladies professionnelles

National audienceOccupational disorders epidemiology. The aim of this narrative review was to give some basics of occupational disorders epidemiology, compensated or not, and focusing on complementarity between data sources available in France

Functional incapacity related to rotator cuff syndrome in workers. Is it influenced by social characteristics and medical management?

International audienceStudy design - Survey. Introduction - Rotator cuff syndrome (RCS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders reported in workers. The functional incapacity related to RCS may vary according to the sociodemographic context and to the medical management. Purpose of the study - The purpose of this is to analyze the RCS-related functional incapacity assessed by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaires in workers according to their sociodemographic characteristics and the use of care. Methods - A cross-sectional study was carried out on a French sample of workers diagnosed with RCS. The DASH and DASH-work scores were studied according to the sociodemographic factors, musculoskeletal symptoms, and RCS medical management during the preceding 12 months. Results - Two hundred seven workers who suffered from RCS filled out the questionnaire of which 80% were still working. The DASH score was significantly higher in women (24.0 vs 17.4; P 0.6). Discussion - The demographic factors and the RCS medical management influenced the overall incapacity assessed by the DASH questionnaire. Work incapacity was more especially related to the use of care for RCS. Conclusion - The sociodemographic and medical parameters added to other established predictors could help guide clinicians in managing their patients