Application of modified carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of heavy metals in sweeteners : bachelor thesis

Do pojave teških metala u medu najčešće dolazi u rudarskim i industrijskim središtima i u blizini frekventnih prometnica, gdje se teški metali apsorbiraju u tlo, atmosferu i vodu te posljedično u biljke. Također, nedostatak pojedinog elementa u tlu, stijenama ili vodi imat će utjecaj na mineralni sastav biljke. Stoga, med može služiti kao izvrstan bioindikator onečišćenja okoliša teškim metalima te obzirom na sadržaj drugih elemenata biti pokazatelj zemljopisnog podrijetla meda. U ovom završnom radu određivane su koncentracije teških metala (Cu, Pb) u zaslađivačima (medu i šećeru) pomoću metode standardnog dodatka voltametrijskih mjerenja. U tu svrhu ispitivana je uporaba hidroksiapatita (HAp) kao modifikatora na elektrodi od staklastog ugljika (GC). Uz radnu HAp/GC elektrodu, korištene su referentna (Ag/AgCl) i protuelektroda (platinska pločica). Pomoću mjernih tehnika, cikličke i pravokutnovalne voltametrije, dobiveni su potrebni podaci koji su nam poslužili za određivanje metala. Metodom standardnog dodatka te primjenom pravokutnovalne voltametrije uz optimirane parametre mjerenja određivane su koncentracije bakra i olova u medu i šećeru. Dobivena koncentracija Pb u šećeru iznosila je 823,7 μg kg -1 , dok koncentracija dobivena za Cu također u šećeru je iznosila 693,7 μg kg -1 . Dobivena koncentracija za Pb u medu iznosila je 587,5 μg kg -1 , dok koncentracija dobivena za Cu iznosila je 2775 μg kg -1 .The most common occurrence of heavy metals in honey comes in mining and industrial centers and near frequent roads where heavy metals are absorbed into the soil, atmosphere and water and consequently into the plants. Also, the lack of an element in soil, rocks or water will have an impact on the mineral composition of the plant. Therefore, honey can serve as an excellent bioindicator of heavy metals contamination of the environment and considering the content of other elements to be an indication of the geographical origin of honey. In this final work, concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb) in sweeteners (honey and sugar) were determined using the standard addition method and voltammetric measurements. For this purpose, the use of hydroxyapatite (HAp) as a modifier on glassy carbon electrodes (GC) was investigated. Along with the working Hap / GC electrode, we used reference (Ag / AgCl) and (platinum plate) counter electrodes. By using measurement techniques, cyclic and square wave voltammetry, we have come up with the necessary information that serves us to determine the metal. Also, by using standard addition method, and using square wave voltammetry with optimized measurement parameters, copper and lead were determined in honey and sugar. The obtained Pb concentration in sugar was 823.7 μg kg -1 , while the concentration obtained for Cu also in sugar was 693.7 μg kg -1 . The obtained concentration for Pb in honey was 587.5 μg kg -1 , while the concentration obtained for Cu was 2775 μg kg -1 .honey, sugar

Kompjutersko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka - opšta razmatranja i primena u kriminalistici

Collecting the most versatile kind of information about the citizens and their storing in the appropriate bases represent the reality of the contemporary society. The growth in the quantity of these pieces of information has exceeded human power to process and analyze such huge quantities of data in a traditional manner, requiring computerized techniques and means for these needs. Although widely applied for years in the work of public administration and economy, so far the computer data search and comparison have not been sufficiently used in crime investigation and forensics. Police agencies and forensic laboratories collect large quantities of various data which originate as a result of processing numerous criminal activities. The very success of their automatic search and comparison within criminal investigations depends to a large extent on the availability and characteristics of data (features, raster) which refer to persons, objects or events.Prikupljanje odgovarajućih informacija o građanima iz najrazličitijih (naravno legalnih i legitimnih) motiva i u najrazličitije svrhe, te njihovo smeštanje u odgovarajuće baze, predstavlja realnost savremenog društva. Razvoj računarske tehnologije u velikoj meri je povećao mogućnosti prijema, obrade i praćenja takvih podataka, pa čak i u svrhe nadzora nad pojedincem i njegovim ponašanjem. Automatsko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka, nezavisno od toga u koje se svrhe primenjuje, zasniva se sa jedne strane na bazama u kojima su smešteni određeni podaci, i, sa druge strane, primeni računara (shvaćenog kao hardver) i odgovarajućih programa (softver) kojima se ti podaci pretražuju, upoređuju i analiziraju. Kompjutersko pretraživanje, analiziranje i upoređivanje podataka u kriminalističke svrhe može biti veoma raznovrsno, sa različitim očekivanjima i rezultatima primene. Policijske agencije i forenzičke laboratorije sakupljaju velike količine različitih podatka, koji nastaju kao rezultat obrade brojnih kriminalnih aktivnosti. Veliki izazov sa kojim se suočavaju sve policijske i obaveštajne agencije jeste tačno i efikasno analiziranje podataka o kriminalu, čiji se obim neprestano povećava. Može se reći da su tehnike automatskog pretraživanja i upoređivanja podataka do sada nedovoljno eksploatisane u ovoj oblasti, iako bi mogle dati značajan doprinos. Automatsko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka je moćna alatka koja istražiteljima krivičnih dela omogućava brzo i efikasno pretraživanje velikih baza podataka. Posebno razumevanje odnosa između mogućnosti analize i karakteristika određene vrste krivičnog dela može da pomogne istražiteljima da efikasnije primene ove tehnike kako bi identifikovali trendove i obrasce, locirali problematična područja, pa čak i predvideli krivično delo

Kubni i bikvadratni zakoni reciprociteta

U ovom radu govorimo o kubnim i bikvadratnim zakonima reciprociteta. Polazimo od definicije Gaussove i Jacobi sume, te od kvadratnog zakona reciprociteta. Koristimo neka jednostavnija svojstva Gaussove i Jacobi sume kako bismo dokazali zakone kubne i bikvadratne recipročnosti.In this thesis we talk about cubic and quartic reciprocity laws. We start from the definition of Gauss and Jacobi sums and quadratic reciprocity law. We use some of the simpler properties of Gauss and Jacobi sums to prove the cubic and quartic reciprocity laws

Neolitsko nalazište i javnost: primer Donje Branjevine kod Odžaka

U stručnoj javnosti Donja Branjevina poznata je od polovine 60-ih godina 20. veka kao arheološko nalazište iz ranog neolita. U decenijama nakon otkrića sprovedena su obimna istraživanja, uz mnoge aktivnosti na zaštiti i prezentaciji, što ga je učinilo jednim od najpoznatijih i najznačajnijih praistorijskih nalazišta u Srbiji. U ovom radu prikazani su konteksti i okolnosti razvoja praistorijske arheologije u Srbiji koji su, prema našem mišljenju, doveli do prepoznavanja strukovnog i, potom, javnog značaja arheološkog nalazišta Donja Branjevina, odnosno jednog specifičnog nalaza, antropomorfne figurine poznate kao Crvenokosa boginja. Naš cilj je: 1) da ukažemo da su značaj Donje Branjevine i Crvenokose boginje inicirani i oblikovani još pre njihovog otkrića, kroz prethodni proces disciplinarnog razvoja u kome su posebnost nalazišta i nalaza bili iznenadno, ali dobrodošlo otkriće; 2) da podsetimo/skrenemo pažnju da upotreba arheološkog saznanja u modernom društvu, iako van okvira disciplinarne prakse, i dalje ima primarno uporište u samoj disciplini, odnosno u onome šta je i na koji način prezentovano javnosti. U zaključku, umesto da kritički preispitujemo moderno društvo i neočekivane ishode, skloniji smo da istaknemo potrebu temeljnog preispitivanja same discipline, odnosno načina na koji prikupljamo, vrednujemo i prezentujemo podatke

Comprehensive lipid profile of ‘Maraština’ grape skins from Dalmatia

Lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds that serve essential roles due to their biological functions for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Despite the fundamental role of lipid class in plants, there is still a relatively low level of knowledge regarding the composition of grape lipids. This research represents the first investigation into the lipids of the Croatian grape variety ‘Maraština’ (Vitis vinifera L.), employing a targeted approach and the UHPLC-MS/MS method to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the lipid profile of grape skins. The study investigated the profile of free fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, triterpenoids, sphingolipids, and free fatty acid esters in eleven vineyards located along the cultivation area of ‘Maraština’ variety (Dalmatia, Croatia). Grape skins from vineyards that were exposed to more sunlight and higher daily temperature during the vegetation period mainly resulted in a richer profile of free fatty acids. Among lipids, ‘Maraština’ grape skins were characterized mainly by a triterpenoid compound; oleanolic acid (249.49 g/g of FW), and free fatty acids, especially palmitic acid C16:0 (26.09 g/g of FW), and lignoceric acid C24:0 (12.40 g/g of FW). Hierarchical clustering analysis represented valuable insights into the diversity of lipids in ‘Maraština’ grape skin

Quality Management: Patients Reflections on Health Care at Outpatient Clinic of Internal Medicine Department

Middle and older age group relative share in the community permanently grows. Those are commonly burdened with several chronic health conditions or elevated incidence of acute ones and in more frequent need for consulting health services. In the era of modern technical medicine, it is important to increase quality of services particularly patients orientated. Department of Internal medicine developed questionnaire to assess reflections on medical care from the receiver of medical services point of view. Sample was formed from individuals that visited outpatient triage Unit (OTU) and voluntary enrolled, during period April 1 – August 31 2008 for any medical reason. Study population structure had similarly equally of both genders, socio-economical background, and was in age range 18–87. Questionnaire was developed by team of experienced personnel covering satisfaction on received medical care. There were 279 returned formulary in a sample of 6700 patients (4.18%). Patients visited OTU chiefly on behalf medical condition secondary to address of residency, followed by personal choice, on advice given by general practitioner, by emergency transportation services, or just due to earlier experiences. Regarding provided medical care extent, 4/5 of patients were examined in lesser than 2 hours, while total workup lasted mostly for 2–4, followed by over four. Over half of patients were moderate toward highly satisfied with provided medical information, personnel communication style and general reflection on all services while being in the Department premises. Astonishing proportion of patients (93%) was satisfied with positive personnel communication. Integration of patients’ self-perceived reports about medical services in organizing process is inevitable for augmenting content and at the same time valuable for developing overall quality of treatment. Communication excellence is of premier importance and unavoidable for giving additional positive effect to remain health status or to ease the healing process of individual and their families

Kompjutersko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka - opšta razmatranja i primena u kriminalistici

Collecting the most versatile kind of information about the citizens and their storing in the appropriate bases represent the reality of the contemporary society. The growth in the quantity of these pieces of information has exceeded human power to process and analyze such huge quantities of data in a traditional manner, requiring computerized techniques and means for these needs. Although widely applied for years in the work of public administration and economy, so far the computer data search and comparison have not been sufficiently used in crime investigation and forensics. Police agencies and forensic laboratories collect large quantities of various data which originate as a result of processing numerous criminal activities. The very success of their automatic search and comparison within criminal investigations depends to a large extent on the availability and characteristics of data (features, raster) which refer to persons, objects or events.Prikupljanje odgovarajućih informacija o građanima iz najrazličitijih (naravno legalnih i legitimnih) motiva i u najrazličitije svrhe, te njihovo smeštanje u odgovarajuće baze, predstavlja realnost savremenog društva. Razvoj računarske tehnologije u velikoj meri je povećao mogućnosti prijema, obrade i praćenja takvih podataka, pa čak i u svrhe nadzora nad pojedincem i njegovim ponašanjem. Automatsko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka, nezavisno od toga u koje se svrhe primenjuje, zasniva se sa jedne strane na bazama u kojima su smešteni određeni podaci, i, sa druge strane, primeni računara (shvaćenog kao hardver) i odgovarajućih programa (softver) kojima se ti podaci pretražuju, upoređuju i analiziraju. Kompjutersko pretraživanje, analiziranje i upoređivanje podataka u kriminalističke svrhe može biti veoma raznovrsno, sa različitim očekivanjima i rezultatima primene. Policijske agencije i forenzičke laboratorije sakupljaju velike količine različitih podatka, koji nastaju kao rezultat obrade brojnih kriminalnih aktivnosti. Veliki izazov sa kojim se suočavaju sve policijske i obaveštajne agencije jeste tačno i efikasno analiziranje podataka o kriminalu, čiji se obim neprestano povećava. Može se reći da su tehnike automatskog pretraživanja i upoređivanja podataka do sada nedovoljno eksploatisane u ovoj oblasti, iako bi mogle dati značajan doprinos. Automatsko pretraživanje i upoređivanje podataka je moćna alatka koja istražiteljima krivičnih dela omogućava brzo i efikasno pretraživanje velikih baza podataka. Posebno razumevanje odnosa između mogućnosti analize i karakteristika određene vrste krivičnog dela može da pomogne istražiteljima da efikasnije primene ove tehnike kako bi identifikovali trendove i obrasce, locirali problematična područja, pa čak i predvideli krivično delo

Osteogenesis imperfecta – molekularna osnova i lijekovi budućnosti

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) or brittle bone disease is a metabolic bone disease characterized by bone fragility, low bone mass, and increased rate of bone fractures and deformities. Clinical presentation in OI patients shows wide variability ranging from mild to severe and lethal OI types. Advances in molecular biology and studies on animal OI models found at least 16 new genes involved in OI pathogenesis. The majority of mutations are autosomal dominant aff ecting COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes responsible for collagen synthesis. The remaining 10%-15% of mutations in OI are autosomal recessive and aff ect genes involved in various metabolic bone processes. Progress in understanding bone metabolism and genetic engineering off ers new potential therapeutic opportunities that are under diff erent stages of investigation.Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) ili bolest krhkih kostiju je metabolička bolest kostiju obilježena krhkim kostima, niskom koštanom masom i povišenom stopom lomova i deformiteta kostiju. Klinička prezentacija bolesnika s OI veoma je raznolika, od blagog do teškog i smrtonosnog tipa OI. Napretkom molekularne biologije i istraživanjima na životinjskim modelima OI nađeno je najmanje 16 novih gena uključenih u patogenezu OI. Većina mutacija su autosomno dominantne i zahvaćaju gene COL1A1 i COL1A2 koji su odgovorni za sintezu kolagena. Preostalih 10%-15% mutacija u OI su autosomno recesivne i zahvaćaju gene uključene u razne metaboličke procese u kostima. Sve bolje razumijevanje metabolizma kostiju i genetski inženjering nude nove potencijalne terapijske mogućnosti koje su u različitim fazama ispitivanja