Prospective memory assessment: Scientific advances and future directions

Prospective Memory (PM), the ability to remember to realize intended actions in the future, is crucial for maintaining autonomy. Decades of research has focused on a so-called age PM paradox, where older adults outperformed younger adults on some PM tasks, but not others. Contributing to this paradox is heterogeneity in and a lack of valid assessment methods. Previous research showed a lack of convergent validity between performance-based PM and both self-report and informant-report measures. We argue that questionnaires may be relevant to obtain information regarding patients’ awareness of their PM difficulties but need to be used in conjunction with performance-based tools. Within performance-based PM tools there are also difficulties in measurement: 15–60 min experimental tasks and batteries have a good reliability but cannot usually fit in a standard clinical evaluation, while shorter PM measures have lower reliability and sensitivity. In this perspective paper, we encourage researchers to develop more ecologically valid tools. Innovative PM paradigms that allow participants to generate their own intentions and that take task costs into consideration should be developed. Future research will also need to focus on cognitive factors, personality and online evaluation, to improve PM assessment and develop ad-hoc rehabilitation programs

Les profils motivationnels des étudiants de première année de licence de l'Université Catholique de Lille : autodétermination envers les études et dynamique motivationnelle envers les activités pédagogiques

Les étudiants de première année de licence de l’Université Catholique de Lille (UCL) constituent une population à part. D’une part, ils sont inscrits dans l’enseignement supérieur privé associatif, qui constitue une part minoritaire, mais croissante du paysage de l’enseignement supérieur français. D’autre part, leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques et leurs antécédents scolaires ne semblent pas suffisants pour expliquer leur taux de réussite plus élevé que l’ensemble des étudiants de première année de licence. Or, dans les pays occidentaux, les taux d’échecs observés en première année d’université ont généré une large littérature scientifique cherchant à mieux comprendre quelles caractéristiques étaient en mesure d’expliquer l’échec ou la réussite étudiante. Parmi les pistes proposées, l’étude des caractéristiques motivationnelles semble prometteuse. Nous nous sommes donc demandé quelles étaient les caractéristiques motivationnelles, que nous avons appelées profils, des étudiants de première année de licence de l’UCL. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons essayé de savoir si les activités pédagogiques proposées habituellement en première année pouvaient se révéler un élément déterminant au niveau de la motivation. Le contexte de l’UCL, misant fortement sur l’innovation pédagogique pour l’avenir, rend cet éclairage particulièrement intéressant pour les responsables pédagogiques et les enseignants. Mais la particularité du système d’accès au supérieur et la spécificité de l’enseignement supérieur privé associatif nous ont également amené à questionner la motivation à effectuer des études de ces étudiants. En effet, il est difficile de s’imaginer mesurer la motivation dans une activité pédagogique sans tenir compte des motivations à s’engager dans les études de manière générale. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur un cadre de référence original empruntant à la fois à la théorie de l’autodétermination (Deci et Ryan, 1985) et de la dynamique motivationnelle au sein d’une activité pédagogique (Viau, 2009). Si l’objectif général est d’établir les profils motivationnels des étudiants de première année de licence de l’UCL, nous nous sommes demandé quelles caractéristiques personnelles (âge, sexe, origine sociale, antécédents scolaires, discipline, type d’établissement, choix et type de sélection) significatives influencent les profils motivationnels. Les résultats de l’étude portant sur 457 étudiants montrent une motivation très élevée envers les études, soutenue par des motifs à la fois intrinsèques et extrinsèques, pourtant opposés selon la théorie de l’autodétermination. Les étudiants montrent une motivation élevée envers les travaux dirigés qui allient théorie et pratique mais aussi envers les activités pédagogiques avec lesquelles ils sont familiers. Les étudiants de faculté sont motivés envers les cours magistraux et moins envers les projets, ce qui est l’inverse des étudiants en école. Notons que le résultat le plus original provient de l’étude des caractéristiques faisant varier les profils. En effet, aucune des caractéristiques personnelles étudiées ne fait varier les profils à l’exception des disciplines et du type d’établissement (école ou faculté) où sont observées des variations statistiques. En outre, au sein d’une même discipline, les différences existent en fonction du type d’établissement. Autrement dit, des facteurs contextuels propres aux établissements ou à la culture disciplinaire sont à l’origine des différents profils motivationnels. Ces conclusions renforcent le rôle de l’institution et des facteurs environnementaux propres aux établissements dans les niveaux de motivation des étudiants. Notre recherche donne également des données importantes aux acteurs de terrain en contact direct avec les étudiants

Studies on the conformational properties of CP-10 42−55 , the hinge region of CP-10, using circular dichroism and RP-HPLC

The conformational properties of CP-10 42−55 , a peptide corresponding to the hinge region of CP-10, were investigated using circular dichroism spectroscopy and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The circular dichroism studies indicated that CP-10 42−55 formed considerable secondary structure in the presence of hydrophobic solution environments including 50% acetonitrile, 50% trifluoroethanol and 200 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate, which comprised a mixture of α-helix and β-sheet. The effect of temperature on the conformation of CP-10 42−55 was investigated between 5 and 40°C, with very small changes in the spectra being observed.RP-HPLC was then used to investigate the effect of temperature on the conformation of CP-10 42−55 in the presence of a hydrophobic surface. Using a C 18 -adsorbent, CP-10 42−55 exhibited a conformational transition at 25°C, which was associated with an increase in the chromatographic contact area and the binding affinity of the peptide for the stationary phase. In addition, near-planar bandbroadening behaviour indicated that conformational species interconverted with rapid rate constants compared with the chromatographic time scale. These results indicated that the conformational change at 25°C in theRP-HPLC system most likely corresponds to the unfolding of an α-helical and/or β-sheet structure to an extended coil structure. Therefore, the strong chemotactic properties of this peptide may be attributed to its ability to form considerable secondary structure in the presence of a hydrophobic environment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72283/1/j.1399-3011.2000.00690.x.pd

Murine obscurin and Obsl1 have functionally redundant roles in sarcolemmal integrity, sarcoplasmic reticulum organization, and muscle metabolism.

Biological roles of obscurin and its close homolog Obsl1 (obscurin-like 1) have been enigmatic. While obscurin is highly expressed in striated muscles, Obsl1 is found ubiquitously. Accordingly, obscurin mutations have been linked to myopathies, whereas mutations in Obsl1 result in 3M-growth syndrome. To further study unique and redundant functions of these closely related proteins, we generated and characterized Obsl1 knockouts. Global Obsl1 knockouts are embryonically lethal. In contrast, skeletal muscle-specific Obsl1 knockouts show a benign phenotype similar to obscurin knockouts. Only deletion of both proteins and removal of their functional redundancy revealed their roles for sarcolemmal stability and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization. To gain unbiased insights into changes to the muscle proteome, we analyzed tibialis anterior and soleus muscles by mass spectrometry, uncovering additional changes to the muscle metabolism. Our analyses suggest that all obscurin protein family members play functions for muscle membrane systems

Morphological Characterization of Four Leguminous Crops Cultivated in Two Agro Ecological Zone: Western and Guinean Savannah Highlands of Cameroon

In 2014, quarter (¼) of Africa populations were estimated to be suffering from hunger. In Cameroon, the demand for food is increasing while productivity was decreasing subsequently the food insufficiency. To solve this problem, leguminous crops were valorized in Cameroon. They represent a major source of protein especially among the poorest population, and are rich in essential amino acidssuch as lysine, supplementing thusthe nutritional value of cereal and tuber diets. Nevertheless, their production faced the problem of soil degradation and loss of soil fertility. The main objective of this work was to characterize leguminous crops cultivated in two agro ecological zones of Cameroon. Investigations based on farmer’s knowledge on leguminous crops cultivation were done in Western highlands and High Guinean savannah zones of Cameroon. During this survey, leguminous crops were collected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Farmers which were mostly women have at least 10 years of experience on these leguminous crops cultivation. They kept their seed for next cultivation season and did not use fertilizers in their field. Based on color of seeds, nine, seven, six and four ecotypes of representing beans, peanuts, Bambara groundnuts and soybeans respectively were found from study sites. Quantitative analysis of these ecotypes presents the diversity of beans, peanuts and soybeans (p = 0.00) according to their biometric parameters. Except the weight of Bambara groundnuts which were different (p = 0.00) their size was similar among ecotypes

SCA Platform Specifications - Version 2.0

The SCOrWare project aims at building an open source implementation of the Service Component Architecture (SCA) specifications. This implementation is composed of 1) a runtime platform for deploying, executing, and managing SCAbased applications, 2) a set of development tools for modeling, designing, and implementing SCA-based applications, and 3) a set of demonstrators. This document contains the specifications of the SCOrWare runtime platform. Section 1.1 lists the parts of SCA specifications supported by the SCOrWare platform. Section 1.2 gives an overview of the SCOrWare platform, and a summary of next chapters of this document. Section 1.3 lists the main update from the version 1 to the version 2 of this documen

Progressive Structural Defects in Canine Centronuclear Myopathy Indicate a Role for HACD1 in Maintaining Skeletal Muscle Membrane Systems

Mutations in HACD1/PTPLA cause recessive congenital myopathies in humans and dogs. Hydroxyacyl-coA dehydratases are required for elongation of very long chain fatty acids, and HACD1 has a role in early myogenesis, but the functions of this striated muscle-specific enzyme in more differentiated skeletal muscle remain unknown. Canine HACD1 deficiency is histopathologically classified as a centronuclear myopathy (CNM). We investigated the hypothesis that muscle from HACD1-deficient dogs has membrane abnormalities in common with CNMs with different genetic causes. We found progressive changes in tubuloreticular and sarcolemmal membranes and mislocalized triads and mitochondria in skeletal muscle from animals deficient in HACD1. Furthermore, comparable membranous abnormalities in cultured HACD1-deficient myotubes provide additional evidence that these defects are a primary consequence of altered HACD1 expression. Our novel findings, including T-tubule dilatation and disorganization, associated with defects in this additional CNM-associated gene provide a definitive pathophysiologic link with these disorders, confirm that dogs deficient in HACD1 are relevant models, and strengthen the evidence for a unifying pathogenesis in CNMs via defective membrane trafficking and excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. These results build on previous work by determining further functional roles of HACD1 in muscle and provide new insight into the pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms of HACD1 CNM. Consequently, alterations in membrane properties associated with HACD1 mutations should be investigated in humans with related phenotypes

The AMASS approach for assurance and certification of critical systems

Safety-critical systems are subject to rigorous assurance and certification processes to guarantee that they do not pose unreasonable risks to people, property, or the environment. The associated activities are usually complex and time-consuming, thus they need adequate support for their execution. The activities are further becoming more challenging as the systems are evolving towards open, interconnected systems with new features, e.g. Internet connectivity, and new assurance needs, e.g. compliance with several assurance standards for different dependability attributes. This requires the development of novel approaches for cost-effective assurance and certification. With the overall goal of lowering assurance and certification costs in face of rapidly changing features and market needs, the AMASS project has created and consolidated the de-facto European-wide open solution for assurance and certification of critical systems. This has been achieved by establishing a novel holistic and reuse-oriented approach for architecture-driven assurance, multi-concern assurance, and for seamless interoperability between assurance and engineering activities along with third-party activities. This paper introduces the main elements of the AMASS approach and how to use them and benefit from them.The work leading to this paper has received funding from the AMASS project (H2020-ECSEL grant agreement no 692474; Spain’s MINECO ref. PCIN-2015-262)