Análisis de los contenidos de historia en el ámbito educativo

En nuestro trabajo "Análisis de los contenidos de Historia en el ámbito educativo´´ hemos querido investigar la importancia de la asignatura dentro de la Educación Primaria y analizar los contenidos que la conforman. Dentro de la investigación hemos entrevistado a alumnos, docentes y futuros docentes para conocer su opinión sobre la misma, qué esperan de la asignatura y cuál creen que es la metodología correcta para impartirla y que sea motivante para ambos agentes educativos, también hemos analizado el papel que ha jugado la asignatura a lo largo de la historia de la educación en España y el papel que juega actualmente según los documentos oficiales, se podrá encontrar también análisis del material usado actualmente para impartir las clases, siendo estos libros de texto ya que es el material que usan los docentes que han sido entrevistados como base para sus sesiones, por ultimo podrán encontrar una propuesta didáctica que creemos motivante para los alumnos y con la que pueden aprender los contenidos que se exigen de una manera más interactiva y jugando ellos y ellas el papel protagonista en las clases.In our work "Analysis of the contents of History in the educational field '' we wanted to investigate the importance of the subject in Primary Education and analyze the contents that comprise it. Within the research we interviewed students, teachers and future teachers to know their opinion about it, what they expect from the subject and what they believe is the correct methodology to teach and that is motivating for both educational agents, we have also analyzed the role who has played the subject throughout the history of education in Spain and the role that currently plays according to official documents, you can also find analysis of the material currently used to teach the classes, these textbooks being that it is the material used by the teachers who have been interviewed as a basis for their sessions, finally they can find a didactic proposal that we believe motivating for the students and with which they can learn the contents that are required in a more interactive way and playing them and they protagonist role in the classes and playing, they will be the real protagonist in their classes.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primari

New Insights in the Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System and Natural Cannabinoids in Nicotine Dependence.

Nicotine, the main psychoactive component in tobacco smoke, plays a major role in tobacco addiction, producing a high morbidity and mortality in the world. A great amount of research has been developed to elucidate the neural pathways and neurotransmitter systems involved in such a complex addictive behavior. The endocannabinoid system, which has been reported to participate in the addictive properties of most of the prototypical drugs of abuse, is also implicated in nicotine dependence. This review summarizes and updates the main behavioral and biochemical data involving the endocannabinoid system in the rewarding properties of nicotine as well as in nicotine withdrawal and relapse to nicotine‐seeking behavior. Promising results from preclinical studies suggest that manipulation of the endocannabinoid system could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating nicotine addiction.post-print641 K

CB2 cannabinoid receptor expression is increased in 129S1/SvImJ mice: behavioral consequences.

Genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Inbred mouse strains, including the 129S1/SvImJ (S1), constitute important models to study the influence of genetic factors in these conditions. S1 mice displayed anxiogenic-like behavior, impaired fear extinction, and increased prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle reflex compared to C57BL/6J (BL6) mice. Given the role played by the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in these responses, we evaluated the expression of the ECS components in different brain regions in S1 mice. Gene expression levels of the cannabinoid type-1 and type-2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R) and the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes varied depending on the brain region evaluated. Notably, CB2R expression markedly increased in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in S1 mice. Moreover, CB2R blockade with SR144528 partially rescued the anxiogenic phenotype in S1 mice, while CB2R activation with JWH133 potentiated the deficits in fear extinction and the PPI of startle reflex in this mouse strain. These data suggest that CB2R is involved in the behavioral alterations observed in S1 mice and underline the importance of this cannabinoid receptor subtype in the regulation of certain central nervous system disorders.post-print1604 K

Targeting the orexin/hypocretin system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: from animal to clinical studies

Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are neuropeptides located exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive projections throughout the central nervous system and bind two different G protein-coupled receptors (OX1R and OX2R). Since its discovery in 1998, the orexin system has gained the interest of the scientific community as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different pathological conditions. Considering previous basic science research, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant, was the first orexin agent to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat insomnia. In this review, we discuss and update the main preclinical and human studies involving the orexin system with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This system constitutes a nice example of how basic scientific research driven by curiosity can be the best route to the generation of new and powerful pharmacological treatments

Adolescent exposure to the Spice/K2 cannabinoid JWH-018 impairs sensorimotor gating and alters cortical perineuronal nets in a sex-dependent manner.

The consumption of synthetic cannabinoids during adolescence is reported to be a risk factor for the appearance of psychiatric disorders later in life. JWH-018 was identified as one of the primary psychoactive components present in Spice/K2 preparations. This study evaluated the short- and long-term consequences of exposure to JWH-018 during the adolescence in anxiety-like behavior, fear extinction, and sensorimotor gating in male and female mice. Alterations in anxiety varied depending on the time interval between treatment and behavioral analysis along with sex, while no changes were observed in the extinction of fear memory. A decrease in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex was revealed in male, but not female, mice at short- and long-term. This behavioral disturbance was associated with a reduction in the number of perineuronal nets in the prelimbic and infralimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex in the short-term. Furthermore, adolescent exposure to JWH-018 induced an activation of microglia and astrocytes in the prefrontal cortex of male mice at both time intervals. A transitory decrease in the expression of GAD67 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the prefrontal cortex was also found in male mice exposed to JWH-018. These data reveal that the treatment with JWH-018 during the adolescence leads to long-lasting neurobiological changes related to psychotic-like symptoms, which were sex-dependent.post-print2490 K

El Mecanismo Tutelar del Sistema Interamericano como Garantía de los Derechos de los Pueblos Indígenas

This article has as general objective to describe the guardianship decisions of the two organs that protect human rights in the inter-American system. The result is achieved through the development of a qualitative, simple, and legal investigation, which uses the deductive and inductive analytical method, and focuses its analysis on the international practice of the Inter-American Commission and Court, obtaining that both the precautionary and provisional mechanism has been focused on the protection of indigenous people from their rights to life, integrity, freedom, property and free movement, in their individual and collective dimension; in addition, that the requestor adoption of measures is character- ized by being general, specific or concerted.El artículo tiene como objetivo general describir las decisiones tutelares de los dos órganos que protegen los Derechos Humanos en el Sistema Interamericano. El resultado se consigue mediante el desarrollo de una investigación cualitativa, básica y jurídica, que utiliza el método analítico deduc- tivo e inductivo, y centra su análisis en la práctica internacional de la Comisión y Corte Interamericana, obteniendo que tanto el mecanismo cautelar como provisional se ha centrado en la protección a los indígenas de sus Derechos a la Vida, Integridad, Libertad, Propiedad y Libre Circulación, en su dimen- sión individual y colectiva; además, que la solicitud o adopción de medidas se caracterizan por ser generales, específicas o concertadas

Seasonal variations of melatonin in ram seminal plasma are correlated to those of testosterone and antioxidant enzymes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Some breeds of sheep are highly seasonal in terms of reproductive capability, and these changes are regulated by photoperiod and melatonin secretion. These changes affect the reproductive performance of rams, impairing semen quality and modifying hormonal profiles. Also, the antioxidant defence systems seem to be modulated by melatonin secretion, and shows seasonal variations. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of melatonin and testosterone in ram seminal plasma and their variations between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. In addition, we analyzed the possible correlations between these hormones and the antioxidant enzyme defence system activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seminal plasma from nine Rasa Aragonesa rams were collected for one year, and their levels of melatonin, testosterone, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All samples presented measurable quantities of hormones and antioxidant enzymes. Both hormones showed monthly variations, with a decrease after the winter solstice and a rise after the summer solstice that reached the maximum levels in October-November, and a marked seasonal variation (P < 0.01) with higher levels in the breeding season. The yearly pattern of GRD and catalase was close to that of melatonin, and GRD showed a significant seasonal variation (P < 0.01) with a higher activity during the breeding season. Linear regression analysis between the studied hormones and antioxidant enzymes showed a significant correlation between melatonin and testosterone, GRD, SOD and catalase.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results show the presence of melatonin and testosterone in ram seminal plasma, and that both hormones have seasonal variations, and support the idea that seasonal variations of fertility in the ram involve interplay between melatonin and the antioxidant defence system.</p

Relación entre frecuencia y percepción de uso tecnológico, personalidad, afecto y variables neuropsicológicas en población adulta joven

In recent decades, researchers have addressed the use of technologies because of its positive and negative effects on cognitive and affective processes. The present study investigated the relationship between the frequency of use of technologies, its influence on inhibitory control and attention span, and the role played by personality and affective status in a young adult population. The study included 90 participants between the ages of 18 and 34 years. They were administered the following tests: Stroop test; Trail Making Test; D2 Test of Attention; Questionnaire on the Problem Use of New Technologies; Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated; and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. A significant inverse relationship was found between the frequency of use of technologies, such as the internet and television, and inhibition and attention capabilities, whereas a significant direct relationship was found between the use of the internet and mobile phones and levels of neuroticism and negative affect. These results suggest that the excessive use of certain technologies may have a negative effect on cognitive abilities that may be modulated by affective and personality variables.El uso de las tecnologías tiene efectos positivos y negativos sobre los procesos cognitivos y afectivos, que en las últimas décadas han atraído la atención de los investigadores. En el presente estudio se investigó la relación entre la frecuencia del uso tecnológico y su influencia en el control inhibitorio y la capacidad atencional en adultos jóvenes, así como el papel jugado por la personalidad y el estado afectivo. Participaron 90 personas con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 34 años, que realizaron las siguientes pruebas: Test de Stroop; Trail Making Test; Test Atencional d2; Cuestionario de Uso Problemático de las Nuevas Tecnologías; Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated; y el Cuestionario de Afecto Positivo y Negativo. Los resultados mostraron relación significativa e inversa entre la frecuencia de uso de tecnologías como Internet y la Televisión, y las capacidades de inhibición y atención. Por otro lado, se observó una relación significativa y directa entre el uso de Internet y el Móvil, y los niveles de neuroticismo y afecto negativo. Estos resultados apuntan a un efecto negativo del exceso de uso de determinadas tecnologías sobre las capacidades cognitivas, que podría verse modulado por variables afectivas y de personalidad

Monitoring the phenolic ripening of red grapes using a multisensor system based on metal-oxide nanoparticles

Producción CientíficaThe maturity of grapes is usually monitored by means of the sugar concentration. However, the assessment of other parameters such as the phenolic content is also important because the phenolic maturity has an important impact on the organoleptic characteristics of wines. In this work, voltammetric sensors able to detect phenols in red grapes have been developed. They are based on metal oxide nanoparticles (CeO2, NiO, and TiO2,) whose excellent electrocatalytic properties toward phenols allows obtaining sensors with detection limits in the range of 10−8 M and coefficients of variation lower than 7%. An electronic tongue constructed using a combination of the nanoparticle-based sensors is capable to monitor the phenolic maturity of red grapes from véraison to maturity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be successfully used to discriminate samples according to the ripeness. Regression models performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS-1) have established good correlations between voltammetric data obtained with the electrochemical sensors and the Total Polyphenolic Index, the Brix degree and the Total Acidity, with correlation coefficients close to 1 and low number of latent variables. An advantage of this system is that the electronic tongue can be used for the simultaneous assessment of these three parameters which are the main factors used to monitor the maturity of grapes. Thus the electronic tongue based on metal oxide nanoparticles can be a valuable tool to monitor ripeness. These results demonstrate the exciting possible applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the field of electronic tongues.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AGL2015-67482- R)Junta de Castilla y Leon - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project VA011U16)Junta de Castilla y León (grant BOCYL-D-24112015-9