Uso de superficies free-form para simular los cambios locales de indice de refracción en lentes de plástico a partir de su medida polariscópica

In this paper we propose a method to convert the local variations of refractive index into local changes of one surface of the lens, which then can then be described as a free-form surface, easy to introduce in conventional simulation tools. The proposed method tries to provide an equivalent model of the lens with refractive index variations where the index changes have been replaced for local thickness variations on the lens' surface. The local thickness variations can be fitted at a freeform description that holds all the local index variations through the OPD (Optical patch difference) using a B-Spline description and a simplex algorithm to find the best fitted surface.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo: una propuesta de gestión ambiental territorial como aporte para el incremento de la calidad del sistema

En Argentina, la Cuenca Matanza –Riachuelo (CMR) es un sistema natural altamente degradado. Fue considerado uno de los diez lugares más contaminados del mundo en 2013 (Blacksmith Institute y Green Cross, Suiza). Es objeto de estudios y de diversas intervenciones, las cuales no han podido conseguir una mejora sustancial en la calidad ambiental del sistema. En este contexto, la gestión ambiental basada en la planificación territorial y, en especial, aplicada en el periurbano de la cuenca, surge como un aporte concreto para la obtención de soluciones aplicables y realistas. Los principales objetivos de este trabajo son, por una parte, generar una propuesta de Plan de Gestión Ambiental (PGA) para el periurbano de la cuenca enfocado en la variable territorial. Por otra, plantear una zonificación ambiental donde se puedan observar los principales objetivos del PGA. Para la realización del PGA se tomaron como guía los requisitos solicitados por la Norma ISO 14001:2015. En base a un análisis de aspectos ambientales de la variable territorial, se establecieron objetivos para cada aspecto significativo, ya sea para mitigar aquellos que provocan impactos negativos, como para reforzar aquellos que generan impactos positivos. Se realizó una zonificación ambiental cuya principal contribución es orientar a los actores sociales quienes intervienen y toman decisión sobre sus actuaciones en la zona, buscando así un equilibrio hombre-naturaleza, de tal manera que se garantice para las generaciones futuras la sostenibilidad en términos ambientales, socioeconómicos y culturales. Para realizar la propuesta de zonificación ambiental para el periurbano de la CMR se utilizó información espacialmente explícita a fin de localizar los principales objetivos del PGA con énfasis en la variable territorial: áreas verdes, buffer de cursos de agua, localización de canteras y fábricas de ladrillos, parques industriales, asentamientos informales, uso urbano. Estos mapas fueron generados mediante análisis GIS y digitalización de información secundaria provista por ACUMAR.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Impermeabilización y riesgo ambiental : El caso de la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo

En la actualidad, el avance de la urbanización y sus consiguientes impactos ambientales presentan un incremento exponencial. Al relacionar estos procesos, se estima un aumento en el porcentaje de población en riesgo ambiental. Un ejemplo local se da en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), en particular en la Cuenca Matanza – Riachuelo (CMR), donde se puede observar una alta degradación ambiental producto de acciones antrópicas no deseadas. En este contexto, es importante analizar la población en riesgo ambiental y minimizar su impacto. Este artículo estudia un indicador de calidad ambiental: la superficie impermeabilizada y su relación con la población en cuanto a riesgo de inundaciones. Se estudiaron y georreferenciaron datos estadísticos, se revisaron datos censales para abordar la población en riesgo y se utilizó un modelo basado en la transformación Tasseled Cap a un sistema de información geográfico (GIS) para obtener diferentes salidas cartográficas.Nowadays, the advance of housing and its environmental impact present an exponential growth. Relating these processes, a percentage of the risk population is estimated. A local example takes place in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (AMBA), particularly in the Cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo (CMR), where a high environmental degradation is observed due to the non-desirable actions. Within this context, it is important to analyze the risk population and minimize its impact. This article studies an indicator of environmental quality: the impermeability surface and its relationship with the population in risk of floods. Statistic data was studied and referred, population data was analyzed to consider the risk population and a model based on the transformation of Tasseled Cap into a geographical information system (GIS) to obtain different cartographic sources has been used.Centro de Investigaciones del MedioambienteCentro de Investigaciones Geográfica

Tungsten-titanium mixed oxide bronzes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic behavior in methanol transformation

[EN] Tungsten oxide bronze-based materials show extremely adaptive structural and compositional features that make them suitable for functional properties modulation. Herein we report the preparation of a series of Ti-containing tungsten oxide catalysts presenting a hexagonal tungsten bronze-type structure. The insertion of Ti4+ within the structure (likely in the octahedral framework of the hexagonal tungsten bronze) leads to an increase in the number of strong acid sites, and the disappearance of W5+ surface species found in the undoped tungsten oxide. With the aim of studying the acid-redox properties of the titled catalysts, the catalytic transformation of methanol has been carried out in the presence and the absence of O-2 in the feed. Both catalytic activity and the acid-redox properties of these catalysts are highly dependent on catalyst composition and reaction conditions applied (i.e. in the presence or in the absence O-2 in the feed). Aerobic experiments show the depletion of the redox functionality (i.e. no formaldehyde detected in the products) when Ti4+ is incorporated in the framework (i.e. 100% selectivity to dimethyl ether). On the other hand, all the catalysts show the loss of the redox function and a decrease in the catalytic activity when anaerobic conditions are used. In the absence of oxygen, the catalysts are still active in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether, i.e. they maintain their acid functionality even when oxygen is not present in the feed. The results are discussed in terms of the available surface active sites present in each case.Authors would like to thank DGICYT in Spain for RTI2018-099668-B-C21, CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and MAT2017-84118-C2-1-R projects. Authors from ITQ also thank Project SEV-2016-0683 for supporting this research. D.D. thanks MINECO and Severo Ochoa Excellence Program for his fellowship (SVP-2014-068669). Finally, authors thank the Electron Microscopy Service of SCSIE of Universitat de Valencia for their support.Delgado-Muñoz, D.; Soriano Rodríguez, MD.; Solsona Espriu, BE.; Zamora Blanco, S.; Agouram, S.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; López Nieto, JM. (2019). Tungsten-titanium mixed oxide bronzes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic behavior in methanol transformation. Applied Catalysis A General. 582:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.05.026S11058

Spanish adaptation and validation of the child- and parent-report cystic fibrosis questionnaire-revised (CFQ-R)

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of the child- and parent-report cystic fibrosis questionnaire-revised (CFQ-R). Methods: A Spanish adaptation of the CFQ-R was performed; 68 children with CF (6-13 years) and their parents completed the child- and parent-report CFQ-R, respectively, and the Revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen (KINDL) questionnaire. The CFQ-R was completed twice, 7-10 days apart, and its psychometric properties were analyzed. Results: The internal consistency of both CFQ-R versions was adequate (child-report version, Cronbach's α >.60 for all domains except 'Treatment Burden' [α = .42] and 'Social Functioning' [α = .57]; parent-report version, α > .60 for all domains except 'Social Functioning' [α = .58]). For the child-report version, the lowest measurement error was for 'Emotional Functioning' (standard error of measurement [SEM]: 8.3%; minimal detectable change [MDC90 ]: 19.3%), and the highest was for 'Body Image' (SEM: 15%; MDC90 : 35%). For the parent-report version, the lowest measurement error was for 'Physical Functioning' (SEM: 7.1%; MDC90 : 16.5%), and the highest was for 'Weight' (SEM: 17.2%; MDC90 ; 40.1%). The correlation between the versions showed higher agreement for the domains related to observable signs ('Physical Functioning') and lower agreement for 'Emotional Functioning.' There was a significant correlation between the CFQ-R and KINDL. Conclusion: Both the child- and parent-report versions of the Spanish CFQ-R have adequate reliability and validity for clinical and research purposes. These versions can be administered before and after starting modulator therapy to assess its effect on daily functioning. The MDC90 can help identify, with a high probability, whether real changes have occurred in the quality-of-life subscales in children with CF

One-pot glycerol oxydehydration on multifunctional catalysts: influence of acid and redox properties on the catalytic performance

[EN] We report on a study of the key reaction parameters in glycerol oxidehydration into acrylic acid over W-V-Nb mixed oxides with a hexagonal tungsten bronze structure. This investigation demonstrated that the optimal control of the two consecutive steps of acid-catalysed glycerol dehydration into acrolein and aldehyde oxidation into acrylic acid, and of the parallel reaction of acrolein transformation into by-products (ketals and oligomers), was achieved in the presence of a defined glycerol-to-oxygen inlet ratio. Indeed, oxygen played the fundamental role of accelerating the oxidation of the intermediately formed acrolein into acrylic acid, by allowing a greater concentration of the oxidizing V5+ sites. In fact, an unprecedented higher yield to acrylic acid and acrolein compared to W-V bronzes was registered (maximum acrylic acid yield 50.5%) together with an increase of more than one order of magnitude in productivity, because of both the greater concentration of glycerol used in the inlet feed and the lower contact time needed. Further experiments were carried out by reacting acrolein and methanol in oxidative conditions, the latter as a model molecule for the determination of surface acid and redox properties.CIRI (Centro per la Ricerca Industriale), Università di Bologna, is acknowledged for the grant to A.C.The Valencia group also thanks the financial support of Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica in Spain (Project CTQ2012-37925-C03-01).Chieregato, A.; Soriano Rodríguez, MD.; Basile, F.; Liosi, G.; Zamora Blanco, S.; Concepción Heydorn, P.; Cavani, F.... (2014). One-pot glycerol oxydehydration on multifunctional catalysts: influence of acid and redox properties on the catalytic performance. Applied Catalysis B Environmental. 150-151:37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.11.045S3746150-15

Tumor regression and resistance mechanisms upon CDK4 and RAF1 inactivation in KRAS/P53 mutant lung adenocarcinomas.

KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinomas remain intractable for targeted therapies. Genetic interrogation of KRAS downstream effectors, including the MAPK pathway and the interphase CDKs, identified CDK4 and RAF1 as the only targets whose genetic inactivation induces therapeutic responses without causing unacceptable toxicities. Concomitant CDK4 inactivation and RAF1 ablation prevented tumor progression and induced complete regression in 25% of KRAS/p53-driven advanced lung tumors, yet a significant percentage of those tumors that underwent partial regression retained a population of CDK4/RAF1-resistant cells. Characterization of these cells revealed two independent resistance mechanisms implicating hypermethylation of several tumor suppressors and increased PI3K activity. Importantly, these CDK4/RAF1-resistant cells can be pharmacologically controlled. These studies open the door to new therapeutic strategies to treat KRAS mutant lung cancer, including resistant tumors.We thank S. Ortega for the generation of the Cdk4FxKD mouse model; and M. San Roman, R. Villar, M. C. Gonzalez, A. Lopez, N. Cabrera, P. Villanueva, J. Condo, J. Klett, A. Cebria, A. Otero, O. Dominguez, G. Luengo, G. Garaulet, F. Mulero, and D. Megias for excellent technical support. This work was supported by European Research Council Grant ERC-2015-AdG/695566, THERACAN, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities Grant RTC-2017-6576-1, and the Autonomous Community of Madrid Grant B2017/BMD-3884 iLUNG-CM (to M.B.); Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities Grant RTI2018-094664B-I00 (to M.B. and M.M.); and National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 31771469 (to H.W.). M.B. is a recipient of an Endowed Chair from the AXA Research Fund. L.E.-B. is the recipient of an FPI fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. F.F.-G., M.S., and P.N. were supported by an FPU fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Education.S

Implementación de los hallazgos de la línea de base sobre buenas prácticas de evaluación y conformación de la Red de Instituciones por la Evaluación - RIE

El estudio sobre prácticas de evaluación, en el 2018, implicó la conformación de una Red de Instituciones por la Evaluación RIE, basada en cuatro nodos temáticos de acuerdo con tendencias, intereses y expectativas derivadas de la fase 2017, y en prácticas evaluativas acordes con la política distrital de evaluación en grados y áreas. También se realizó la puesta en marcha de estrategias y acciones de divulgación de prácticas significativas de evaluación, la sistematización del proceso de conformación y desarrollo de acciones de la red RIE, y la puesta en marcha de escenarios virtuales de apoyo a la conformación de la Red

Enfrentando los riesgos socionaturales

El objetivo del libro es comprender la magnitud de los Riesgos Socionaturales en México y Latinoamérica, para comprender el peligro que existe por algún tipo de desastre, ya sea inundaciones, sismos, remoción en masa, entre otros, además conocer qué medidas preventivas, correctivas y de contingencias existen para estar atentos ante alguna señal que la naturaleza esté enviando y así evitar alguna catástrofe. El libro se enfoca en los aspectos básicos de análisis de los peligros, escenarios de riesgo, vulnerabilidad y resiliencia, importantes para la gestión prospectiva o preventiva