The Lythraceae of Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Botany, Miami Univeristy, Oxford, Ohio 45056The distribution of Ohio representatives of the family Lythraceae was studied by examination of all specimens of this family in ten in-state and one out-of-state herbaria. Six species of the Lythraceae were found to be native to Ohio and are discussed herein: Decodon verticillatus, Rotala ramosior, Ammannia coccinea, Peplis diandra, Lythrum dacotanum, and Cuphea viscosissima. Three introduced taxa are also deemed worthy of inclusion: Lythrum hyssopifolia, L. salicaria, and Lagerstroemia indica. Lythrum hyssopifolia and Peplis diandra are rare in Ohio, each being known but from a single locality. Rotala ramosior and Ammannia coccinea are infrequent, the southern part of their Ohio distribution being directly related to the path of the Ohio and/or Scioto rivers. Though infrequent at present, Lythrum salicaria is spreading and is now locally abundant at several stations. Decodon verticillatus is rated in this treatment as frequent, but its distribution is scattered. It will certainly become less frequent if further destruction of its natural marsh habitat occurs. Lythrum dacotanum and Cuphea viscosissima are of common occurrence in the state. Lythrum dacotanum is broadly distributed in moist, low-lying, prairie situations; Cuphea viscosissima occurs in moist or dry habitats and is the only representative of the Lythraceae common in the Appalachian uplands of southeastern Ohio. County distribution maps are presented for all species included except Lagerstroemia indica (crape-myrtle), which is only occasionally planted as far north as Ohio

25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

SYNOPSIS OF SUAEDA (CHENOPODIACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA

Volume: 7Start Page: 147End Page: 17

A SYNOPSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN CORISPERMUM (CHENOPODIACEAE)

Volume: 7Start Page: 382End Page: 39

BASSIA (CHENOPODIACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA

Volume: 8Start Page: 57End Page: 6

SYNOPSIS OF KOCHIA (CHENOPODIACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA

Volume: 7Start Page: 248End Page: 25

The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study: objectives, materials and methods. UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators.

An investigation into the possible causes of childhood cancer has been carried out throughout England, Scotland and Wales over the period 1991-1998. All children known to be suffering from one or other type of the disease over periods of 4-5 years have been included, and control children matched for sex, age and area of residence have been selected at random from population registers. Information about both groups of children (with and without cancer) has been obtained from parental questionnaires, general practitioners' and hospital records, and from measurement of the extent of exposure to radon gas, terrestrial gamma radiation, and electric and magnetic fields. Samples of blood have also been obtained from the affected children and their parents and stored. Altogether 3,838 children with cancer, including 1,736 with leukaemia, and 7,629 unaffected children have been studied. Detailed accounts are given of the nature of the information obtained in sections describing the general methodology of the study, the measurement of exposure to ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, the classification of solid tumours and leukaemias, and the biological material available for genetic analysis