INOVASI PRODUK RAVIOLI MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN DASAR TEPUNG JAGUNG

Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan membuat inovasi produk ravioli dengan menggunakan bahan dasar tepung jagung dan ingin mengetahui daya terima konsumen dan harga jual dari produk yang telah diinovasi. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap dua perlakuan konsentrasi tepung jagung. Peneliti ingin membantu pemerintah dalam pemanfaatan jagung sebagai bahan baku pengganti nasi. Dengan mengolah jagung menjadi tepung yang merupakan pangan lokal Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui proses pembuatan tepung jagung, prosentase tepung jagung yang menghasilkan produk inovasi ravioli berbahan dasar tepung jagung dengan kualitas terbaik, respon konsumen terhadap penambahan tepung jagung pada produk ravioli dan harga jual untuk produk ravioli berbahan dasar tepung jagung. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif eksperimental. Penelitian ini menggunakan 15 panelis terlatih dan 50 panelis konsumen dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji minat beli konsumen. Hasil data yang didapatkan diolah menggunakan SPSS 2.2 (Statistical Product for Servicce Solution). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi 30% tepung jagung dan 70% tepung terigu dengan kode RTJ1 disukai oleh panelis baik ahli maupun konsumen dinilai dari kelima karakteristik yaitu rasa, aroma, warna, tekstur dan penampilan fisik dengan skala 4 yaitu suka. Total skor dari pengumpulan data pada variabel daya terima konsumen RTJ1 sebanyak 945 point, hal itu menunjukan bahwa produk diterima konsumen.;--- The research was performed with make a new innovation of ravioli using corn flour as base material and to examine the consumer acceptance power of the products. The experiment applied in two different measurement of corn flour. Researcher intend to help the government with usage of corn to substitute rice as main provision in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to know how to make a corn flour, which formula is created the best ravioli, consumer response of the product innovation and selling price of the product. Experimental description is method which researcher used. This research contained with examination of the product to 15 experts and 50 panelists. The researcher used SPSS 2.2 (Statistical Product for Service Solution) for complete the ANOVA test. The best formula of the ravioli with the addition of corn flour is the first formula, which contain 30% of corn flour and 70% of flour (RTJ1). The test is based on five characteristics of products; flavor, aromatic appeal, color, texture and physical appeal and the grade is in the Like scale. The total score of consumer acceptance power is 945 point, so that mean that the product is in good condition

Room temperature methoxylation in zeolites: insight into a key step of the methanol-to-hydrocarbons process

Neutron scattering methods observed complete room temperature conversion of methanol to framework methoxy in a commercial sample of methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) catalyst H-ZSM-5, evidenced by methanol immobility and vibrational spectra matched by ab initio calculations. No methoxylation was observed in a commercial HY sample, attributed to the dealumination involved in high silica HY synthesis

Effect of Cage Size on the Selective Conversion of Methanol to Light Olefins

Zeolites that contain eight-membered ring pores but different cavity geometries (LEV, CHA, and AFX structure types) are synthesized at similar Si/Al ratios and crystal sizes. These materials are tested as catalysts for the selective conversion of methanol to light olefins. At 400 °C, atmospheric pressure, and 100% conversion of methanol, the ethylene selectivity decreases as the cage size increases. Variations in the Si/Al ratio of the LEV and CHA show that the maximum selectivity occurs at Si/Al = 15–18. Because lower Si/Al ratios tend to produce faster deactivation rates and poorer selectivities, reactivity comparisons between frameworks are performed with solids having a ratio Si/Al = 15–18. With LEV and AFX, the data are the first from materials with this high Si/Al. At similar Si/Al and primary crystallite size, the propylene selectivity for the material with the CHA structure exceeds those from either the LEV or AFX structure. The AFX material gives the shortest reaction lifetime, but has the lowest amount of carbonaceous residue after reaction. Thus, there appears to be an intermediate cage size for maximizing the production of light olefins and propylene selectivities equivalent to or exceeding ethylene selectivities

Synthesis of reaction-adapted zeolites as methanol-to-olefins catalysts with mimics of reaction intermediates as organic structure-directing agents

[EN] Catalysis with enzymes and zeolites have in common the presence of well-defined single active sites and pockets/cavities where the reaction transition states can be stabilized by longer-range interactions. We show here that for a complex reaction, such as the conversion of methanol-to-olefins (MTO), it is possible to synthesize reaction-adapted zeolites by using mimics of the key molecular species involved in the MTO mechanism. Effort has focused on the intermediates of the paring mechanism because the paring is less favoured energetically than the side-chain route. All the organic structure-directing agents based on intermediate mimics crystallize cage-based small-pore zeolitic materials, all of them capable of performing the MTO reaction. Among the zeolites obtained, RTH favours the whole reaction steps following the paring route and gives the highest propylene/ethylene ratio compared to traditional CHA-related zeolites (3.07 and 0.86, respectively).Li, C.; Paris, C.; Martínez-Triguero, J.; Boronat Zaragoza, M.; Moliner Marin, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2018). Synthesis of reaction-adapted zeolites as methanol-to-olefins catalysts with mimics of reaction intermediates as organic structure-directing agents. Nature Catalysis. 1(7):547-554. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0104-7S54755417Stocker, M. Methanol-to-hydrocarbons: catalytic materials and their behavior. Micro. Mesopor. Mater. 29, 3–48 (1999).Tian, P., Wei, Y., Ye, M. & Liu, Z. Methanol to olefins (MTO): from fundamentals to commercialization. ACS Catal. 5, 1922–1938 (2015).Ilias, S. & Bhan, A. Mechanism of the catalytic conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons. ACS Catal. 3, 18–31 (2013).Olsbye, U. et al. Conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons: how zeolite cavity and pore size controls product selectivity. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 24, 5810–5831 (2012).Hemelsoet, K., Van der Mynsbrugge, J., De Wispelaere, K., Waroquier, M. & Van Speybroeck, V. Unraveling the reaction mechanisms governing methanol-to-olefins catalysis by theory and experiment. ChemPhysChem 14, 1526–1545 (2013).Song, W., Haw, J. F., Nicholas, J. B. & Heneghan, C. S. Methylbenzenes are the organic reaction centers for methanol-to-olefin catalysis on HSAPO-34. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 10726–10727 (2000).Arstad, B. & Kolboe, S. The reactivity of molecules trapped within the SAPO-34 cavities in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 8137–8138 (2001).Xu, T. et al. Synthesis of a benzenium ion in a zeolite with use of a catalytic flow reactor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 4025–4026 (1998).Song, W., Nicholas, J. B., Sassi, A. & Haw, J. F. Synthesis of the heptamethylbenzene cation in zeolite beta: in situ NMR and theory. Catal. Lett. 81, 49–53 (2002).Xu, S. et al. Direct observation of cyclic carbenium ions and their role in the catalytic cycle of the metahnol-to-olefin reaction over chabazite zeolites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 11564–11568 (2013).Chen, J. et al. Elucidating the olefin formation mechanism in the methanol to olefin reaction over AlPO-18 and SAPO-18. Catal. Sci. Tech. 4, 3268–3277 (2014).Haw, J. F. et al. Roles for cyclopentenyl cations in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from methanol on zeolite catalyst HZSM-5. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 4763–4775 (2000).Svelle, S. et al. Conversion of methanol into hydrocarbons over zeolite H-ZSM-5: ethene formation is mechanistically separated from the formation of higher alkenes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 14770–14771 (2006).Teketel, S., Olsbye, U., Lillerud, K. P., Beato, P. & S., S. Selectivity control through fundamental mechanistic insight in the conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons over zeolites. Micro. Mesopor. Mater. 136, 33–41 (2010).Zhang, M. et al. Methanol conversion on ZSM-22, ZSM-35 and ZSM-5 zeolites: effects of 10-membered ring zeolite structures on methylcyclopentenyl cations and dual cycle mechanism. RSC Adv. 6, 95855–95864 (2016).Sassi, A. et al. Methylbenzene chemistry on zeolite HBeta: multiple insights into methanol-to-olefin catalysis. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 2294–2303 (2002).Sassi, A., Wildman, M. A. & Haw, J. F. Reactions of butylbenzene isomers on zeolite HBeta: methanol-to-olefins hydrocarbon pool chemistry and secondary reactions of olefins. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 8768–8773 (2002).Bjørgen, M., Olsbye, U., Petersen, D. & Kolboe, S. The methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction: insight into the reaction mechanism from [12C]benzene and [13C]methanol coreactions over zeolite H-beta. J. Catal. 221, 1–10 (2004).McCann, D. M. et al. A complete catalytic cycle for supramolecular methanol-to-olefins conversion by linking theory with experiment. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 5179–5182 (2008).Arstad, B., Kolboe, S. & Swang, O. Theoretical study of the heptamethylbenzenium ion. intramolecular isomerizations and C2, C3, C4 alkene elimination. J. Phys. Chem. A 109, 8914–8922 (2005).De Wispelaere, K., Hemelsoet, K., Waroquier, M. & Van Speybroeck, V. Complete low-barrier side-chain route for olefin formation during methanol conversion in H-SAPO-34. J. Catal. 305, 76–80 (2013).Wang, C. M., Wang, Y. D. & Xie, Z. K. Verification of the dual cycle mechanism for methanol-to-olefin conversion in HSAPO-34: a methylbenzene-based cycle from DFT calculations. Catal. Sci. Technol. 4, 2631–2638 (2014).Wang, C. M., Wang, Y. D., Liu, H. X., Xie, Z. K. & Liu, Z. P. Theoretical insight into the minor role of paring mechanism in the methanol-to-olefins conversion within HSAPO-34 catalyst. Micro. Mesopor. Mater. 158, 264–271 (2012).Ilias, S. & Bhan, A. The mechanism of aromatic dealkylation in methanol-to-hydrocarbons conversion on H-ZSM-5: What are the aromatic precursors to light olefins? J. Catal. 311, 6–16 (2014).Erichsen, M. W. et al. Conclusive evidence for two unimolecular pathways to zeolite-catalyzed de-alkylation of the heptamethylbenzenium cation. ChemCatChem 7, 4143–4147 (2015).Bhawe, Y. et al. Effect of cage size on the selective conversion of methanol to light olefins. ACS Catal. 2, 2490–2495 (2012).Kang, J. H. et al. Further studies on how the nature of zeolite cavities that are bounded by small pores influences the conversion of methanol to light olefins. ChemPhysChem 19, 412–419 (2018).Martin, N. et al. Nanocrystalline SSZ-39 zeolite as an efficient catalyst for the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process. Chem. Commun. 52, 6072–6075 (2016).Dusselier, M., Deimund, M. A., Schmidt, J. E. & Davis, M. E. Methanol-to-olefins catalysis with hydrothermally treated zeolite SSZ-39. ACS Catal. 5, 6078–6085 (2015).Yokoi, T., Yoshioka, M., Imai, H. & Tatsumi, T. Diversification of RTH-type zeolite and its catalytic application. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 9884–9887 (2009).Ji, Y., Deimund, M. A., Bhawe, Y. & Davis, M. E. Organic-free synthesis of CHA-type zeolite catalysts for the methanol-to-olefins reaction. ACS Catal. 5, 4456–4465 (2015).Liu, M. et al. Differences in Al distribution and acidic properties between RTH-type zeolites synthesized with OSDAs and without OSDAs. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 4155–4164 (2014).Gallego, E. M. et al. “Ab initio” synthesis of zeolites for preestablished catalytic reactions. Science 355, 1051–1054 (2017).Zones, S. I. & Nakagawa, Y. Use of modified zeolites as reagents influencing nucleation in zeolite synthesis. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 97, 45–52 (1995).Li, C., Moliner, M. & Corma, A. Building zeolites from pre-crystallized units: nanoscale architecture. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711422 (2018).Zones, S. I. Zeolite SSZ-13 and its method of preparation. US Patent 4,544,538 (1985).Li, Z., Navarro, M. T., Martínez-Triguero, J., Yu, J. & Corma, A. Synthesis of nano-SSZ-13 and its application in the reaction of methanol to olefins. Catal. Sci. Technol. 6, 5856–5863 (2016).Kumar, M., Luo, H., Román-Leshkov, Y. & Rimer, J. D. SSZ-13 crystallization by particle attachment and deterministic pathways to crystal size control. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 13007–13017 (2015).Martínez-Franco, R., Cantin, A., Moliner, M. & Corma, A. Synthesis of the small pore silicoaluminophosphate STA-6 by using supramolecular self-assembled organic structure directing agents. Chem. Mater. 26, 4346–4353 (2014).Schmidt, J. E., Deimund, M. A., Xie, D. & Davis, M. E. Synthesis of RTH-type zeolites using a diverse library of imidazolium cations. Chem. Mater. 27, 3756–3762 (2015).Moliner, M., Franch, C., Palomares, E., Grill, M. & Corma, A. Cu–SSZ-39, an active and hydrothermally stable catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx. Chem. Commun. 48, 8264–8266 (2012).Zhao, Y. & Truhlar, D. G. The M06 suite of density functionals for main group thermochemistry, thermochemical kinetics, noncovalent interactions, excited states, and transition elements: two new functionals and systematic testing of four M06-class functionals and 12 other functionals. Theor. Chem. Acc. 120, 215–241 (2008).Ditchfield, R., Hehre, W. J. & Pople, J. A. Self-consistent molecular orbital methods. 9. Extended Gaussian-type basis for molecular-orbital studies of organic molecules. J. Chem. Phys. 54, 724–728 (1971).Hehre, W. J., Ditchfield, R. & Pople, J. A. Self-consistent molecular orbital methods. 12. Further extensions of Gaussian-type basis sets for use in molecular-orbital studies of organic-molecules. J. Chem. Phys. 56, 2257–2261 (1972).Frisch, M. J. et al. Gaussian 09, Revision C.01. (Gaussian, Wallingford, 2009).Van Speybroeck, V. et al. First principle chemical kinetics in zeolites: the methanol-to-olefin process as a case study. Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 7326–7357 (2014)

Bruker Spør Bruker- evaluering. Overhalla kommune

Kvalitativ analyse av brukernes tilbakemeldinger på helsetjenestene. Bruker Spør Bruker består av 6 trinn: 1) Utarbeiding av problemstillinger for evaluering i samarbeid med den tjenesten som har bestilt evalueringen. 2) Gruppeintervjuer og individuelle intervjuer med brukere om deres erfaringer med tjenesten. Intervjuene gjennomføres av forskere med brukererfaring. 3) Forskerne presenterer resultatene fra analysen i en prosessrapport som legges fram for ansatte og brukere. 4) Ansatte og brukere møtes i en dialogkonferanse for å diskutere og validere de foreløpige funnene. 5) Nye vinklinger og fokus som kommer fram, innarbeides i en sluttrapport. 6) Evalueringen presenteres i en sluttrapport. Sluttrapporten er en beskrivelse av resultatene etter at de har blitt diskutert av brukere og ansatte i en dialogkonferanse

Bruker Spør Bruker- evaluering. Overhalla kommune

Undersøkelsen evaluerer Overhalla kommunes tjenester i et brukerperspektiv.Kvalitativ analyse av brukernes tilbakemeldinger på helsetjenestene. Bruker Spør Bruker består av 6 trinn: 1) Utarbeiding av problemstillinger for evaluering i samarbeid med den tjenesten som har bestilt evalueringen. 2) Gruppeintervjuer og individuelle intervjuer med brukere om deres erfaringer med tjenesten. Intervjuene gjennomføres av forskere med brukererfaring. 3) Forskerne presenterer resultatene fra analysen i en prosessrapport som legges fram for ansatte og brukere. 4) Ansatte og brukere møtes i en dialogkonferanse for å diskutere og validere de foreløpige funnene. 5) Nye vinklinger og fokus som kommer fram, innarbeides i en sluttrapport. 6) Evalueringen presenteres i en sluttrapport. Sluttrapporten er en beskrivelse av resultatene etter at de har blitt diskutert av brukere og ansatte i en dialogkonferanse