730 research outputs found
The inertial dynamics of thin film flow of non-Newtonian fluids
Consider the flow of a thin layer of non-Newtonian fluid over a solid
surface. I model the case of a viscosity that depends nonlinearly on the
shear-rate; power law fluids are an important example, but the analysis here is
for general nonlinear dependence. The modelling allows for large changes in
film thickness provided the changes occur over a large enough lateral length
scale. Modifying the surface boundary condition for tangential stress forms an
accessible base for the analysis where flow with constant shear is a neutral
critical mode, in addition to a mode representing conservation of fluid.
Perturbatively removing the modification then constructs a model for the
coupled dynamics of the fluid depth and the lateral momentum. For example, the
results model the dynamics of gravity currents of non-Newtonian fluids even
when the flow is not very slow
Discovery of two new fast X-ray transients with INTEGRAL: IGR J03346+4414 and IGR J20344+3913
We report on the discovery of two fast X-ray transients (FXTs) from analysis of archival INTEGRAL data. Both are characterized by a remarkable hard X-ray activity above 20?keV, in terms of duration (?15 and 30 min, respectively), peak flux (?10?9?erg?cm?2 s?1) and dynamic range (?2400 and 1360, respectively). Swift/X-ray telescope follow-up observations failed to detect any quiescent or low-level soft X-ray emission from either of the two FXTs, providing an upper limit of the order of a few times 10?12?erg?cm?2 s?1. The main spectral and temporal Imager on Board INTEGRAL Satellite (IBIS)/INTEGRAL Soft Gamma-Ray Imager (ISGRI) characteristics are presented and discussed with the aim of inferring possible hints on their nature
Velocity Slip and Temperature Jump in Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76543/1/AIAA-2007-208-226.pd
szinmü 4 felvonásban - írta Victorien Sardou - fordították Fai J. Béla és Makó Lajos - rendező Bihari
Vigszinház Debreczen, 1919 julius 25-én pénteken. Előadás kezdete 7 1/2 órakor.Debreceni Egyetem Egyetemi és Nemzeti Könyvtá
Investigation of growth responses in saprophytic fungi to charred biomass
We present the results of a study testing the response of two saprophytic white-rot fungi species, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Coriolus versicolor, to charred biomass (charcoal) as a growth substrate. We used a combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental abundance measurements, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N) to investigate fungal colonisation of control and incubated samples of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood, and charcoal from the same species produced at 300 °C and 400 °C. Both species of fungi colonise the surface and interior of wood and charcoals over time periods of less than 70 days; however, distinctly different growth forms are evident between the exterior and interior of the charcoal substrate, with hyphal penetration concentrated along lines of structural weakness. Although the fungi were able to degrade and metabolise the pine wood, charcoal does not form a readily available source of fungal nutrients at least for these species under the conditions used in this study
Application of X-band radars for deriving intertidal bathymetries and characterising coastal behaviours
Coastal monitoring techniques aim to capture the relationship between physical forcing factors and morphological change, at a range of timescales to understand ongoing coastal processes and identify areas prone to erosion and flooding hazards posed by storms. Standard marine radar provides temporally and spatially continuous monitoring data over a wide area in all conditions, and images can be processed to generate intertidal bathymetries to assess morphological change across event (days-years) timescales. This research applies a series of intertidal bathymetries derived from a standard marine radar deployed at Camber Sands, southeast England in XBeach, a process-based, storm response model, to assess wave runup hazard at the coast during a high energy storm event from the deployment period. Wave runup is dependent on offshore wave climate and beach slope and used here as a proxy to explore the influence of nearshore morphological variability, represented by different processing techniques to derive intertidal bathymetries from the marine radar images, on a coastal hazard. XBeach is used in combination with beach survey data from the site to first demonstrate reasonable skill in reproducing wave runup observations. Intertidal bathymetries are derived from the marine radar images using either a local or regional water level signal, and an average of 1, 5, or 10 days of images preceding the storm event. Modelled wave runup shows up to 0.32 m sensitivity to input intertidal bathymetries, which could be important for overwash predictions. The slope and resolution of the radar-derived intertidal bathymetries is sensitive to the water level time series used. This research is the first time that radar-derived intertidal bathymetries have been used to assess a coastal hazard in a process-based model, and results show that ideally users would have a locally measured water level to accurately generate intertidal bathymetries, and extended beach surveys for ground truthing
Asymmetry Parameter of the by Analyzing the Transition Form Factors within QCD
Separating the mixture of the and states, the
transition form factors are calculated in
the three-point QCD sum rules approach. The longitudinal, transverse and total
decay widths as well as the asymmetry parameter, characterizing the
polarization of the axial and the branching ratio for these
decays are evaluated.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures, 3 table
Sub-arcsecond radio and optical observations of the likely counterpart to the gamma-ray source 2FGL J2056.7+4939
We have searched and reviewed all multi- wavelength data available for the
region towards the gamma-ray source 2FGL J2056.7+4939 in order to con- strain
its possible counterpart at lower energies. As a result, only a point-like
optical/infrared source with flat-spectrum radio emission is found to be
consistent with all X-ray and gamma-ray error circles. Its struc- ture is
marginally resolved at radio wavelengths at the sub-arcsecond level. An
extragalactic scenario appears to be the most likely interpretation for this
object.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Variability in oxidative degradation of charcoal: influence of production variables and environmental exposure
<p>Charcoal is a key component of the Black Carbon (BC) continuum, where BC is characterized as a recalcitrant, fire-derived, polyaromatic material. Charcoal is an important source of palaeoenvironmental data, and of great interest as a potential carbon sink, due to its high apparent environmental stability. However, at least some forms of charcoal are clearly susceptible to environmental alteration and degradation over relatively short timescales. Although these processes have importance for the role of charcoal in global biogeochemistry, they remain poorly understood.</p>
<p>Here we present results of an investigation into the susceptibility of a range of charcoal samples to oxidative degradation in acidified potassium dichromate. The study examines both freshly-produced charcoal, and charcoal exposed to environmental conditions for up to 50,000 years. We compare the proportion of carbon present in different forms between the samples, specifically with respect to the relative chemical resistance of these forms. This was undertaken in order to improve understanding of the post-depositional diagenetic changes affecting charcoal within environmental deposits.</p>
<p>A wide range in chemical compositions are apparent both within and between the sample groups. In freshly-produced charcoal, material produced at 300 °C contains carbon with more labile forms than charcoal produced at ≥400 °C, signifying a key chemical change over the 300–400 °C temperature range. Charcoal exposed to environmental depositional conditions is frequently composed of a highly carboxylated aromatic structure and contains a range of carbon fractions of varying oxidative resistance. These findings suggest that a significant number of the environmental charcoals have undergone post-depositional diagenetic alteration. Further, the data highlight the potential for the use of controlled progressive oxidative degradation as a method to characterize chemical differences between individual charcoal samples.</p>
INTEGRAL observations of TeV plerions
Amongst the sources seen in very high gamma-rays several are associated with
Pulsar Wind Nebulae (``TeV plerions''). The study of hard X-ray/soft gamma-ray
emission is providing an important insight into the energetic particle
population present in these objects. The unpulsed emission from pulsar/pulsar
wind nebula systems in the energy range accessible to the INTEGRAL satellite is
mainly synchrotron emission from energetic and fast cooling electrons close to
their acceleration site. Our analyses of public INTEGRAL data of known TeV
plerions detected by ground based Cherenkov telescopes indicate a deeper link
between these TeV plerions and INTEGRAL detected pulsar wind nebulae. The newly
discovered TeV plerion in the northern wing of the Kookaburra region
(G313.3+0.6 powered by the middle aged PSR J1420-6048) is found to have a
previously unknown INTEGRAL counterpart which is besides the Vela pulsar the
only middle aged pulsar detected with INTEGRAL. We do not find an INTEGRAL
counterpart of the TeV plerion associated with the X-ray PWN ``Rabbit''
G313.3+0.1 which is possibly powered by a young pulsar.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of conference "The Multi-Messenger
Approach to High-Energy Gamma-ray Sources" Barcelona/Spain (2006
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