Vers une psychopathologie en première personne

Chef de file de la réflexion psychiatrique au Japon, le Professeur Kimura Bin s’oppose dans cet article aux réductionnismes physicalistes en découvrant au coeur de la subjectivité une articulation complexe entre le personnel et l’impersonnel qui simultanément confirme la conception spirituelle zen de la constitution de l’individualité et donne une base à la fondation d’une science psychiatrique véritable. Il démontre que l’orientation donnée par les sciences cognitives et la philosophie analytique conduit à ignorer la différence entre réalité et actualité, et occulte ainsi le fait que chaque existant est unique, manquant de la sorte à la fois son unité et son unicité. Pour retrouver l’originalité propre à chacun, Kimura propose d’en retrouver l’originarité, esquissée dans le concept heideggérien de Befindlichkeit, et d’élargir la subjectivité au sens proposé par Victor von Weizsäcker en tant que rencontre avec le milieu. Il conclut cette étude phénoménologique en proposant de fonder une psychopathologie en première personne, c’est-à-dire d’introduire la subjectivité dans la science psychiatrique, seule voie pour comprendre l’existence et résoudre l’énigme de la schizophrénie.A leader of psychiatric thought in Japan, Professor Kimura Bin criticizes in this article reductionisms of the physicalist kind. He reveals, at the heart of subjectivity, a complex articulation between the personal and the impersonal, which confirms at the same time the spiritual conception of Zen as to the constitution of the individual, and gives a basis for the foundation of a true psychiatric science. He shows that the orientation imparted by the cognitive sciences and analytic philosophy leads one to ignore the difference between reality and actuality, eclipsing the fact that each existent is unique and missing thus both its unity and its uniqueness. In order to rediscover the originality proper to each human being, Kimura proposes to rediscover its “originarity”, outlined in the Heideggerian concept of Befindlichkeit, and to broaden subjectivity in the sense set forth by Victor von Weizsäcker as an encounter with the milieu. He concludes this phenomenological study by proposing to found a psychopathology at the first person, in other words to introduce subjectivity into psychiatric science, as the only way to understand existence and to resolve the enigma of schizophrenia

Southern Ocean sea ice concentration budgets of five ocean-sea ice reanalyses

In this study, sea ice concentration (SIC) budgets were calculated for five ocean-sea ice reanalyses (CFSR, C-GLORSv7, GLORYS12v1, NEMO-EnKF and ORAS5), in the Southern Ocean and compared with observations. Benefiting from the assimilation of SIC, the reanalysis products display a realistic representation of sea ice extent as well as sea ice area. However, when applying the SIC budget diagnostics to decompose the changes in SIC into contributions from advection, divergence, thermodynamics, deformation and data assimilation, we find that both atmospheric and oceanic forcings and model configurations are significant contributors on the budget differences. For the CFSR, the primary source of deviation compared to other reanalyses is the stronger northward component of ice velocity, which results in stronger sea ice advection and divergence. Anomalous surface currents in the CFSR are proposed to be the main cause of the ice velocity anomaly. Furthermore, twice the mean ice thickness in the CFSR compared to other reanalyses makes it more susceptible to wind and oceanic stresses under Coriolis forces, exacerbating the northward drift of sea ice. The C-GLORSv7, GLORYS12v1 and NEMO-EnKF have some underestimation of the contribution of advection and divergence to changes in SIC in autumn, winter and spring compared to observations, but are more reasonable in summer. ORAS5, although using the same coupled model and atmospheric forcing as C-GLORSv7 and GLORYS12v1, has a more significant underestimation of advection and divergence to changes in SIC compared to these two reanalyses. The results of the SIC budgets of five ocean-sea ice reanalyses in the Southern Ocean suggest that future reanalyses should focus on improving the modelling of sea ice velocities, for example through assimilation of sea ice drift observations.Peer reviewe

Identification of Vulnerable Plaque in a Stented Coronary Segment 17 Years after Implantation Using Optical Coherence Tomography

A patient presented with exertional chest pain two months prior to admission. Coronary angiography revealed a subocclusive stenosis within the boundaries of the stent. Optical coherence tomography showed remarkable intimal growth inside the stent, which demonstrated a heterogeneous appearance including low-intensity areas. These findings were congruent with the morphology of fibroatheroma in the native coronary artery and suggested that new atherosclerotic progression of the intima within the stent had occurred over 17 years following bare metal stent implantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the most delayed instances of a bare metal stent restenosis described in the medical literature

Quasinormal modes in the background of charged Kaluza-Klein black hole with squashed horizons

We study the scalar perturbation in the background of the charged Kaluza-Klein black holes with squashed horizons. We find that the position of infinite discontinuities of the heat capacities can be reflected in quasinormal spectrum. This shows the possible non-trivial relation between the thermodynamical and dynamical properties of black holes.Comment: revised version, accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.

Metal-insulator crossover in superconducting cuprates in strong magnetic fields

The metal-insulator crossover of the in-plane resistivity upon temperature decrease, recently observed in several classes of cuprate superconductors, when a strong magnetic field suppresses the superconductivity, is explained using the $U(1)\times SU(2)$ Chern-Simons gauge field theory. The origin of this crossover is the same as that for a similar phenomenon observed in heavily underdoped cuprates without magnetic field. It is due to the interplay between the diffusive motion of the charge carriers and the ``peculiar'' localization effect due to short-range antiferromagnetic order. We also calculate the in-plane transverse magnetoresistance which is in a fairly good agreement with available experimental data.Comment: 4 pages, 3 .eps figures, to appear in Physical Review Letter

Molecular pathogenesis of spondylocheirodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by mutant ZIP13 proteins.

The zinc transporter protein ZIP13 plays critical roles in bone, tooth, and connective tissue development, and its dysfunction is responsible for the spondylocheirodysplastic form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (SCD-EDS, OMIM 612350). Here, we report the molecular pathogenic mechanism of SCD-EDS caused by two different mutant ZIP13 proteins found in human patients: ZIP13(G64D), in which Gly at amino acid position 64 is replaced by Asp, and ZIP13(ΔFLA), which contains a deletion of Phe-Leu-Ala. We demonstrated that both the ZIP13(G64D) and ZIP13(ΔFLA) protein levels are decreased by degradation via the valosin-containing protein (VCP)-linked ubiquitin proteasome pathway. The inhibition of degradation pathways rescued the protein expression levels, resulting in improved intracellular Zn homeostasis. Our findings uncover the pathogenic mechanisms elicited by mutant ZIP13 proteins. Further elucidation of these degradation processes may lead to novel therapeutic targets for SCD-EDS

P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy or dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary revascularisation: individual patient level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Objective: To assess the risks and benefits of P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy compared with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and whether these associations are modified by patients' characteristics. Design: Individual patient level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: Searches were conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, and three websites (www.tctmd.com, www.escardio.org, www.acc.org/cardiosourceplus) from inception to 16 July 2020. The primary authors provided individual participant data. Eligibility criteria: Randomised controlled trials comparing effects of oral P2Y12 monotherapy and DAPT on centrally adjudicated endpoints after coronary revascularisation in patients without an indication for oral anticoagulation. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was a composite of all cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, tested for non-inferiority against a margin of 1.15 for the hazard ratio. The key safety endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 3 or type 5 bleeding. Results: The meta-analysis included data from six trials, including 24 096 patients. The primary outcome occurred in 283 (2.95%) patients with P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy and 315 (3.27%) with DAPT in the per protocol population (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 1.09; P=0.005 for non-inferiority; P=0.38 for superiority; τ2=0.00) and in 303 (2.94%) with P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy and 338 (3.36%) with DAPT in the intention to treat population (0.90, 0.77 to 1.05; P=0.18 for superiority; τ2=0.00). The treatment effect was consistent across all subgroups, except for sex (P for interaction=0.02), suggesting that P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy lowers the risk of the primary ischaemic endpoint in women (hazard ratio 0.64, 0.46 to 0.89) but not in men (1.00, 0.83 to 1.19). The risk of bleeding was lower with P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy than with DAPT (97 (0.89%) v 197 (1.83%); hazard ratio 0.49, 0.39 to 0.63; P<0.001; τ2=0.03), which was consistent across subgroups, except for type of P2Y12 inhibitor (P for interaction=0.02), suggesting greater benefit when a newer P2Y12 inhibitor rather than clopidogrel was part of the DAPT regimen. Conclusions: P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy was associated with a similar risk of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, with evidence that this association may be modified by sex, and a lower bleeding risk compared with DAPT. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020176853