The Changing Role of Urdu News Media with Digital Communication in Pakistan

The growing use of digital media has influenced significantly the communication channels of society during recent years in the globe. The media and communication in Pakistan is transforming with information technology. The marvelous boost of digital media devices has changed the communication channels. With digital media revolution, the people in society who formerly had no chance to participate, now they have a great opportunity of to contribute. They can give feedback on news content, comment on stories and share information. If we talk about Urdu news in Pakistan, technology has not left it unchanged. The great revolution in technological field has modified the way public receives information on various aspects. This research work will boost our understanding of how effects of fast spreading technological means have affected traditional modes of Urdu news. During the past decades, western world has got a great benefit from immense development in information communication technology. Furthermore, developing world is widely seen accepting access to internet computer and mobile phone technology. Today's media organizations are extensively using various technological sources. This study also explore the phenomenon of adoption of information technology, role played by media in this digital age and to address the global audience and news collection, influence of internet and extent of freedom of expression to which it has impacted todays media in accessing and delivering information. Though traditional modes of information have got a great jolt by new digital platform and have brought great opportunities for information gathering ofUrdu news in Pakistan.</p

Incivility Within and Beyond Classrooms: Exploring the Perceptions of Targets, Instigators, and Observers

This study aimed at understanding the perceptions of female students who had experienced or witnessed incivility by faculty, and instigated incivility in or out of the classroom and how it affected them. Through the application of a phenomenological and qualitative approach, data were collected from eight (8) female business administration students from public sector universities of Quetta, Pakistan. The findings of the study revealed that female students experienced and witnessed faculty incivility within and beyond the classrooms, which included harassment, character assassination, and humiliation characterized as intense behaviors of faculty. These encounters of faculty incivility resulted in psychological distress like depression, interrupted sleeping patterns, and fear. Furthermore, the findings concerning instigated incivility exhibited that those female students who misbehaved with their instructors were distressed and wanted to quit their studies. The results of this study would be helpful for the university administration to develop policies to combat incivility in educational institutions

Local combats global: simulação de personalidade de marca para marcas de té

Brand Personality is the simulacrum of human traits used to describe the personality of brands. In the arena of marketing, firms are struggling hard to impinge their brand image as a person in the minds of its customers. The idea behind is that when a customer perceives its favorite brand as a personality, it will develop certain associations and belongingness for that brand. Customers more affinity to personality of brand leads towards more loyalty and ultimately fruitful for the generic firm who introduced the brand and brand personality for its product. The study empirically assesses the impact of brand personality in the mind of customers for two famous tea brands of Pakistan. Both brands have nearly equal share in the market but one is local and other is global. The data was collected from the territory of Islamabad, Pakistan by taking the sample of 436 in total. By employing the area sampling, data was equally divided into two equal halves of 218 samples respectively. First half of the respondents were the user of local tea brand while the second half of the respondents were the user of global tea brand. Aaker scale of brand personality was employed to measure the personality of tea brands. An independent sample t test was utilized to check the customers differentiation. It was observed that customers perceived the both brands as more rugged and sincere. These characteristics are important and relevant for any tea brand to be successful in the&nbsp;market. That why, both brands are sharing almost equal share in the market. However, global tea brand is perceived more sophisticated, competent and with full of excitement as compared to local brand. At the moment, the disparity of these personality characteristics are not affecting the market share of local brand but it is urged that for long lasting and sustainability competition, the local brand should also focus on the dimensions of brand personality of sophistication, competence and excitement.La personalidad de la marca es el simulacro de los rasgos humanos utilizados para describir la personalidad de las marcas. En el ámbito del marketing, las empresas están luchando mucho para afectar su imagen de marca como persona en la mente de sus clientes. La idea detrás es que cuando un cliente perciba su marca favorita como una personalidad, desarrollará ciertas asociaciones y pertenencias para esa marca. La afinidad de los clientes con la personalidad de la marca conduce a una mayor lealtad y, en última instancia, fructífera para la empresa genérica que introdujo la marca y la personalidad de la marca para su producto. El estudio evalúa empíricamente el impacto de la personalidad de la marca en la mente de los clientes de dos famosas marcas de té de Pakistán. Ambas marcas tienen una participación casi igual en el mercado, pero una es local y la otra es global. Los datos se obtuvieron del territorio de Islamabad, Pakistán, tomando la muestra de 436 en total. Al emplear el muestreo de área, los datos se dividieron por igual en dos mitades iguales de 218 muestras respectivamente. La primera mitad de los encuestados eran usuarios de la marca local de té, mientras que la segunda mitad de los encuestados eran usuarios de la marca global de té. Se utilizó la escala Aaker de la personalidad de la marca para medir la personalidad de las marcas de té. Se utilizó una prueba t de muestra independiente para verificar la diferenciación de los clientes. Se&nbsp;observó que los clientes percibían las dos marcas como más resistentes y sinceras. Estas características son importantes y relevantes para que cualquier marca de té tenga éxito en el mercado. Por eso, ambas marcas comparten una participación casi igual en el mercado. Sin embargo, la marca global de té se percibe más sofisticada, competente y llena de emoción en comparación con la marca local. Por el momento, la disparidad de estas características de personalidad no está afectando la cuota de mercado de la marca local, pero se recomienda que para una competencia duradera y sostenible, la marca local también debe centrarse en las dimensiones de la personalidad de la marca de sofisticación, competencia y entusiasmo.Personalidade da marca é o simulacro das características humanas usadas para descrever a personalidade das marcas. Na arena do marketing, as empresas estão se esforçando bastante para impingir sua imagem de marca como uma pessoa nas mentes de seus clientes. A idéia por trás disso é que, quando um cliente percebe sua marca favorita como uma personalidade, ele desenvolve certas associações e pertencimento a essa marca. Os clientes, mais afinidade com a personalidade da marca, levam a mais lealdade e, finalmente, frutíferos para a empresa genérica que introduziu a marca e a personalidade da marca em seu produto. O estudo avalia empiricamente o impacto da personalidade da marca na mente dos clientes para duas famosas marcas de chá do Paquistão. Ambas as marcas têm participação quase igual no mercado, mas uma é local e a outra é global. Os dados foram coletados no território de Islamabad, Paquistão, levando a amostra de 436 no total. Empregando a amostragem de área, os dados foram igualmente divididos em duas metades iguais de 218 amostras, respectivamente. A primeira metade dos entrevistados era usuário da marca local de chá, enquanto a segunda metade dos respondentes era usuário da marca global de chá. Uma escala de personalidade da marca Aaker foi empregada para medir a personalidade das marcas de chá. Um teste t de amostra independente foi utilizado para verificar a diferenciação dos clientes. Observou-se que os clientes percebiam as duas marcas como mais robustas e sinceras. Essas características são importantes e relevantes para que qualquer marca de chá seja bem-sucedida no mercado. Por isso, ambas as marcas estão compartilhando uma participação quase igual no mercado. No entanto, a marca global de chá é percebida como mais sofisticada, competente e cheia de emoção em comparação com a marca local. No momento, a disparidade dessas características de personalidade não afeta a participação de mercado da marca local, mas é recomendável que, para uma competição duradoura e de sustentabilidade, a marca local também se concentre nas dimensões da personalidade da marca, como sofisticação, competência e entusiasmo

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE PERVASIVENESS OF IRRESISTIBLE MALADIES IN THE FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS

Background: Natural disasters are calamitous occasions with air, geologic, and hydrologic birthplaces. Calamities incorporate quakes, volcanic emissions, avalanches, waves, floods and dry season. Pakistan confronted floods in 2010 that started following substantial rainstorm rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Punjab and Baluchistan areas of Pakistan. Objectives: To assess the pervasiveness of irresistible maladies in the flood influenced people. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional investigation was led at Services Hospital, Lahore from October 2017 to May 2018. The information with respect to age, sex, training, occupation, land beginning and nature of illness were gotten from the patients going to flood alleviation therapeutic camp for human services and were broke down on SPSS. Results: Amid the investigation time frame, 8074 patients were inspected. Patients all things considered and both genders were incorporated. Male to female proportion was 1 to 1.01. The patients run from neonates to over 70 years old. The kids younger than ten years were 40.99%. Among the flood affected, the most well-known sicknesses in diminishing request of recurrence were looseness of the bowels, RTI, skin contamination, eye disease, ear disease and bone injury. Conclusion: Health education, clean water and environmental hygiene with proper and timely medical cover can reduce mortality and grimness. Keywords: Flood, Flood Affected, Disease Epidemic

Moderating Role of Country Governance in the Relationship between Technological Innovation and Inward Foreign Direct Investment

Due to the significance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in economic&nbsp;development, a growing body of literature aims to analyze its determinants.&nbsp;In this regard, this study examines the role of technological innovation in&nbsp;attracting FDI and explains how country governance affects thisrelationship. For empirical analysis, we analyzed panel data from a wide&nbsp;range of developed and emerging economies for a period of 24 years,&nbsp;stretching from 1993 to 2016. We used the random effect model to obtain&nbsp;results after applying the Hausman test. We examined the relationshipbetween technological innovation, governance (by investigating&nbsp;governance indicators individually), FDI and how governance moderates&nbsp;the relationship between technological innovation and FDI in emerging and&nbsp;developed economies. The findings indicated that technological innovationin the host country is important for attracting inward FDI, regardless of the&nbsp;recipient country’s developmental level. For developed economies, political&nbsp;stability showed a strengthening effect on inward FDI. However, for both&nbsp;emerging and developed economies, all the other governance indicators&nbsp;weakened the technological innovation and FDI nexus

Spontaneous Abortions in Women of Lahore belonging to low-socioeconomic status

Objective: Assessment of abortion frequency in women of Karachi’s low socio-economic statusMaterial and Methods: A cross-sectional research was carried out on a group of 300 females. The participants of the sample group were the females from low socio-economic class of Lahore’s different hospital such as Mayo Hospital, Services Hospital, General Hospital, Surgimed Hospital, Fatima Memorial Hospital, and Ganga Ram Hospital for six months period commencing from March 2018 to August 2018. A self-administered survey form/questionnaire was circulated and after the informed oral consent from the females it was filled out. An experimental study was done for the assessment of the questionnaire’s validity. SPSS version 20 was used for the data analysis with confidence interval 95%, 5% as margin of error and value of p 0.05 was regarded significant.Results: An interview was conducted of 300 females through the questionnaire. The females’ median age was 25-40 years. Monthly income of 65.1% family was below Rs 10,000/- and the income of 82 females was 11,000 to 17,000. 173 females (57.66 %) with vaginal bleeding signifying  the risk of abortion visited the doctor  (p value 0.037), Ultra Sound revealed the abnormality of aborted baby of 174 females (58 %, p value 0.040), during the first trimester of pregnancy 121 females (40.33%) had infections (p value 0.029),during the first trimester of pregnancy, 92 females (30.6%) had used antibiotic capsule for infection (p value 0.040), 71 females (23.6%) had trauma (p value 0.003), 172 females (57.33%) were having cervical incompetence (p value 0.021) and during the pregnancy the females who had lifted the heavy stuff were 61.2% (p value 0.059).Conclusion: The research has concluded that the rate of abortion risk in females of low socio-economic class is high and the awareness level is unsatisfactory regarding risk and causing elements of spontaneous abortion. In order to avoid undesired results of pregnancy, more efforts are required to assist both the young and adult females of low socio-economic class. Preventive measures are critically required to be taken in order to save the health of females and children of low socio-economic status.Key Words: Awareness, Cervical Incompetence, infection, Spontaneous Abortion, Traum

Iqbal’s Intellectual History: A Research Study

Iqbal's intellectual history is full of various qualities. It is difficult to identify the location of Iqbal's thoughts and poems or their sources. What are the main characteristics of Iqbal's mind and thought? What was Iqbal's thinking style? How did Iqbal's mind and thought set evolutionary goals? What was Iqbal's point of view regarding thought and philosophy? And with which chain of thought was his special relationship? The critics of Iqbal believe that he got Faizan E Nazar from the East, while there is another group that says that Iqbal's ideas are derived from the West. While some people say that Iqbal's thought and vision was not the East or the West, but his own creation. It may be misleading to conclude by presenting the views of a few critics. This article highlights various aspects of Iqbal's history

Acute Complications of Pyogenic Meningitis in Children

Objective: The purpose of this study is to aim acute complications of pyogenic Meningitis found in children during their stay at hospital.Place and Duration of Study: The examination was conducted at the Pediatrics Department Samnabad Hospital, Lahore following a span of 06 months from the month of  October 2018 to March 2019.Materials and Methods: A number of 50 children from age 3 months to 12 years, suffering from  The clinical features of acute bacterial meningitis were present in the examination. Patients  with VP shunt associated meningitis,mental retardation, tuberculosis meningitis, and age falling under 3 months or above than 12 years were not included in the observation. CSF analysis and C/S conducted  in call for clinical  cases from the pathology department of the Hospital. Explicit observation was carried out for acute complications where they were required, which incorporated, blood glucose, serum electrolytes,, creatinine, CT brain, PT, APTT serum osmolarity. For two weeks, patients were kept under observation for acute complications.Results: All out of the 50 patients, children aged between 3 months and 12 years were being diagnosed as acute bacterial meningitis, were incorporated in the study. 59% among them were male and 41% were female.50% of patients were below 1year in age. 29% of them aged between 1 to 5 years, while 21% aged  between 5-12 years. Acute complications were seen among 32% of the sufferer. Profuse acute complications were , septic shock 4%, subdural effusion 16%,cerebral edema in 2%,acute hydrocephalus in 2%,cranial nerve palsy 2% and hemiparesis 6%, Common complications such as Hydrocephalus and cerebral edema Sub-dual effusion, were found to be more common in children below age 1, while  hemiparesis cranial nerve palsy and septic shock were were prevalent among children of more than age 1.Conclusion: Acute bacterial meningitis isdelirious contamination in children  bringing about critical intense intricacy, mortality and horribleness. In one millennium from now our prosperity will rely on compelling immunization procedures which has diminished infection load in developed nations.Key Words: Acute complications cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) hydrocephalus, Acute bacterial meningiti

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ENTREPRENURIAL MARKETING

Marketing is considered to be one of the most critical tasks for minor plus medium-sized enterprises in terms of growth as well as development, but it is also considered to be the biggest challenge for SMEs. Shortage of possessions, expertise and expertise, it is hard for SMEs to carry out traditional marketing activities. As a result, working in an atmosphere of aggregate dynamics, turbulence and competitiveness means that entrepreneurs with innovative creative concepts and attitudes, such as Entrepreneurial Marketing, have to overcome and modify conventional marketing principles (EM). When conventional marketing does not support small and medium enterprises (SME) then here is A new area of exploration that initiated by combination of marketing and entrepreneurship is Entrepreneurial marketing. The main purpose of this essay is the notion that can be found in literature like types, dimensions of Entrepreneurial marketing and major differences b/w Entrepreneurial marketing and conventional marketing. It also give a brief view about the history of basis of different new fields and in the last it focuses on the significance of small and medium enterprise with reference to the modern standard. The main objective of this study is to provide guideline to small and medium enterprises and give suggestion to them about future research direction in the same field

Strategic Management: Managing Change by Employee Involvement

Strategic management attempts to link strategic planning with decision making and these decisions implementation. The role of involvement -who should be involved and how that involvement should be managed is essential for effectual decision making. This paper scrutinizes the significance of involvement in decision making generally and demonstrate how involvement management principles apply to the strategic management process explicitly. Strategic management composed of three important steps: creation of a documented plan, making strategic planning an effectual part of the management systems, and appropriately manage involvement in the planning process. It requires that an organization's managers must be involved in a process of objectives identification, strategies development and implementation plans to accomplish those objectives, and sporadically evaluate the decisions implementation of decisions. Decision making, implementation, feedback, and evaluation; is a continuous process. Basically, effective decision making and implementation means congregating the right mix of people, convincing them that what they are doing is significant to the senior executive, and effectively managing their involvement in the decision making process. This paper provides some proven techniques that add value to many organizations