Aging and UTI: are Teenagers more prone?

Background: None of the studies have classified UTI in males and females based on the age factor. Therefore the present study compared the prevalence of UTI in various age groups of males and females.Methodology: Dipstick and microscopy urinalyses were carried out on 1569 consecutive urine samples of patients, and the results were statistically analyzed.Results: UTI in females was more often than males, excluding children (p=0.27) and adults (p=0.30), groups. When compared within females, UTI was more prevalent in teenagers and old groups (p<0.01). Pyuria was significantly higher in all age groups of females except children (p=0.21) in comparison to age-matched males. Both young females and males had a significantly low prevalence of glycosuria and proteinuria when compared within the same-sex groups. We discovered that there are 56% chances of having pyuria, 26% chances of proteinuria, and 11% chances of glycosuria and hematuria in UTI patients with negative predictive value of more than 90%. This study also showed that 21% of glycosuric patients were positive for proteinuria (glomerular disease), which showed increased chances of progression to glomerular disease in these patients. Conclusion: UTI within and in between males and females at different ages are significantly different. Teenagers and old groups are more prone to dvelop UTI. UTI negative patients have <10% chance of having glomerular disease, hematuria and pyuria.

MORAL ISSUES IN DOMESTICATION OF GAY RIGHTS IN NIGERIA

The research is on domestication of gay rights in Nigeria. The research analyze the moral issues to be considered before domestication of gay rights in Nigeria. The fact is that Nigeria is a sovereign state that consists of various ethnic and religious beliefs, but most of its citizens share values and ideas as the key concept of societal rules which regulate the behavior and actions of the society. The research examined the religious and moral values of the Nigerian society as well as their stands with respect to the right of gay men in Nigeria. The research method employed in this research work is doctrinal where both the primary and secondary sources of law have been used. The primary sources of law used are International Conventions, Local legislation and case law while the secondary sources comprises of some textbooks and articles in journals. The research also recognized and respect gay men as human being. It further recommended that Nigerian legislatures shall not domesticate any rights that does conform with the religious and moral values of the Nigerian society

Combating Rising Insecurity Challenges in Nigeria: An Alternative Approach

A Nigerian student studying abroad recently averred that his school abroad nearly disallowed him from returning to Nigeria owing to the security situation of the country. The security situation in the country appears to be deteriorating at the dawn of each day with the citizens of the country in a quagmire as the government is yet to demonstrate her ability to nip this terrible situation in the bud. Kidnapping, armed robbery, boko haram insurgency, land border/communal clashes, farmer—herder conflicts and in recent times, the activities of bandits have become reoccurring headlines. The government and her security agencies have fought these challenges with considerable successes but leaving much to be desired. This paper adopting a qualitative research methodology which is thematic and analytical and also using and interpreting both primary and secondary sources interrogates the security challenges that are prevalent in present day Nigeria and proffers alternative approaches apart from the use of force in tackling them. The paper finds that the various security challenges bedeviling the country have an adverse effect on every sector of the country and her image amongst community of nations. The paper submits that the war against insecurity in Nigeria can be won if the Nigerian government takes into consideration beyond lip service the issues of provision of jobs, investing in quality education, technology advancement and diversifying the nation’s economy through harnessing the myriads of other mineral resources available in the country.

Role of Sufi Philosophy in the Formation of the Composite Culture of Kashmir: An Analysis

Kashmir is known throughout world by its unique culture of brotherhood and religious toleration (Kashmiriyat). From centuries people of Kashmir valley are living together peacefully and harmoniously despite having different religious beliefs. In the medieval period the introduction of Islam in the Kashmir valley by Muslim Sufi saints resulted in a large scale conversion of local people to the new religion. This way Islam and Hinduism became two main religions of the valley, which was earlier dominated by Hindus and Buddhists. The encounter of Islamic and Hindu traditions, ideas and culture gave birth to new indigenous culture by assimilating various ethno-religious traditions and beliefs that were shared among different communities. This new cosmopolitan culture was based on the noble principles of universal fraternity, love, peace, equality, religious toleration and humanism. The best feature of this culture was that religion was in no way a hurdle in life as far as communal harmony is concerned. But this culture did not exist itself as natural phenomena rather it was build and strengthened by Muslim Sufi saints and Shavaite Hindu saints by their philosophy of religious humanism. All Sufi saints and silisilas of Kashmir valley especially Shaikh Noordun Noorani [RA] and Hindu Shaviate women Lala Arifa (Laleshware) played an important role in developing such attitude. From the writings and sayings of Lal ded and Shaikh-ul-Alam [RA] the toleration and pluralism is depicted very well. This paper is an endeavour to explore and analyze the pluralistic vision of Sufi philosophy. Furthermore the role and contribution of Sufi philosophy in the formation of this unique culture of Kashmir known as Kashmiriyat in world will also be highlighted

Faculties Approach to Internet and Online Information Resources: A Study

The aim of this study was to analyze the use of the Internet. A well structured Google form was distributed among 55 faculty members. An analysis of 50 Google From was collected from 50 faculties by department of Commerce, Social science and Management of Business Administration of Dhanwate National College, Nagpur, Maharashtra. Majority of the respondents use the Internet for knowledge and preparation of seminar papers. Mostly faculties use internet daily. Respondents have access at the home and departments. The major problem of searching the internet is slow access speed. Google is mostly preferred search engine by respondent. Majority faculties use simple search strategy

शेख़ शरफुद्दीन याह्या मनेरी : आध्यात्मिक यात्रा का एक अध्ययन

शेख़ शरफुद्दीन अहमद याह्या मनेरी जिन्हें मखदूम-अल-मुल्क या मखदूम-ए-जहान के रूप में भी जाना जाता है, भारतीय सूफ़ी संतों में से एक प्रमुख सूफफ़ी व्यक्तित्व थे । शेख़ शरफुद्दीन मनेरी का जन्म 1263 ई । में मनेर में हुआ था, जो पटना के पश्चिम में 15 मील की दूरी पर है । शेख़ मनेरी, फ़िरदौसी सूफ़ी सिलसिले के एक महान सूफ़ी संत थे, जो सुहरावर्दी सूफ़ी सिलसिले की शाखा है । यह सिलसिला बिहार में बहुत लोकप्रिय है । यह इस विशेष क्षेत्र में शेख़ शरफुद्दीन याह्या मनेरी  द्वारा लोकप्रिय हुआ । शेख़ याह्या मनेरी ने अपना पूरा जीवन शिक्षण और लेखन के लिए समर्पित कर दिया क्योंकि वह न केवल एक सूफ़ी व्यक्तित्व थे, बल्कि फारसी साहित्य के बीच भी एक महान व्यक्तित्व थे । उनके पत्रों के संग्रह (मकतुबात) और उपदेश (मलफूज़ात) को व्यापक प्रशंसा मिली । इस शोध पत्र के माध्यम से हम शेख़ शरफुद्दीन अहमद याह्या मनेरी की आध्यात्मिक यात्रा को दिखाने की कोशिश कर रहे हैं एवं उनके शिक्षण और निर्देशों के प्रभाव को जो जनता पर हुये उनको देखने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं

Illiterate Mothers; A Common Risk Factor Of Severe Anemia Among Childen Below 10 Years Of Age

Objective: To determine common risk factors of severe anemia among children below 10 years of ageDesign and duration:  This is a prospective study completed in duration of eight months from July 2019 to February 2020Setting: Study was conducted in Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur.Patients & methods: Children below ten years of age presenting to the study hospital with the complaint of severe anemia were included in the study. These cases were not having any obvious other morbidity causing anemia. Complete blood count and blood morphology was done in every child. Hemoglobin level below 7g/dl was taken as severe anemia in this study. Confidence interval was 95%, margin of error 5%. P-value less than 0.05 was taken significant. Percentages, frequencies, means and standard deviation calculated using SPSS software. Results presented via tables and graphs. Consent was taken from guardians of children for including their children in the study. Educational status of mothers was determined.Results: Total 75 children having anemia were studied. Age range was 6months to 10 years with mean age of 4.7±3.2 years. There were 24% cases between 25-36 months. In most of the children 56% hemoglobin was 5-6 g/dl. Mostly mothers were having education below matriculation.Conclusion: Illiteracy among mothers of our country is a common risk factor of severe anemia in their children. Increasing literacy rate can reduce incidence of this disease and nutritional status of children and nursing mothers can be improved as well

Hyperuricemia; A Common Risk Factor Of Hypertension Among Pakistani People

Objective: To determine association of hypertension with high blood level of uric acid among people of Pakistan.Study design & duration: This is a prospective study, started in July 2019 and completed in February 2020 after eight months.Setting: This study was conducted in Medical unit of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur.Patients & Methods:  All those patients with hyperuricemia reporting to study hospital were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. Sample size was calculated using WHO calculator. Hypertensive patients were kept in group-A and patients with normal blood pressure were kept in group-B. There were total 300 cases, 150 in each group. According to inclusion criteria fasting blood uric acid level should be increased, blood pressure should be more than normal limit according to age in 3 different days of a week. Al data collected was documented in a predesigned performa. Calculations were done using SPSS software version 24. Results were calculated in the form of percentage for qualitative variables and means, SD were calculated for quantitative variables. P-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Confidence interval was 95% with 5% margin of error.        Results: There were total 300 cases comprising on 155(51.7%) male and 145(48.3%) female cases. In group-A with hypertension 45(15%) were male and 105(35%) were female cases. While in group-B with normal blood pressure 110(36.7%) were male and 40(13.3%) were female cases. Range of age was 20-80 years with mean age of 46.78±8.52 years. In group A patients with hypertension, 73(24.3%) cases were having hypericemia. In group-B out of 150 cases 5(3.3%) were having hyperuricemia including 4(2.7%) male and one female.     Conclusion: There is strong association between hyperurucemia and hypertension among pakistani population and most commonly found among female patient

Apprenticeship in the Academic System among Agricultural Education Lecturers in Nigerian Universities

The aim of the study was to ascertain the impact of apprenticeship system among agricultural education lecturers in Nigerian Universities. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The study was conducted in Nigerian Universities. Six universities comprising one university each from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria was randomly selected for the study. The study had a population of 86 agricultural education lecturers in the sampled universities. Out of the 86 lecturers, 41 lecturers were purposively sampled which consisted of all agricultural education lecturers with five years or less of work experience. Data was collected from the participants with the use of focus group discussion. Data collected were analyzed qualitatively. Points which were suggested by a majority of the participants formed part of the findings of the study. The researcher used the points raised to make inference. The findings of the study revealed that younger lecturers carry out many academic and non academic activities for their senior colleagues. It also revealed that these activities have positive and negative impacts on the academic and personal life of the participants. The study therefore recommended among others that senior and younger agricultural education lecturers are encouraged to have a gentleman agreement before agreeing to partake in apprenticeship system and senior colleagues should ensure that the personal responsibilities of younger lecturers are considered before dishing out personal responsibilities to them

Insulin Refusal Among Type-2 Diabetics: Healthcare Provider’s Perspective

Objective: Aim of this study is to determine frequency of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus who refuse to take insulin therapyDesign & duration: This is a cross sectional study completed in six months duration.Setting: Study was conducted in medical out-patient door of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur.Patients & methods: Patients presenting to out-patient door of medical department having type-2 diabetes taking oral anti diabetics and having poor glycemic control. When these patients were advised to take insulin therapy their response was documented on a performa. Who refused they were asked about its reason and their perspective which was noted down. Consent was taken from all cases in study group. Permission was taken from ethical committee of the institution. Patients of either sex and of any age were included in the study. Confidence level. Confidence interval was 95% with 5% margin of error.Results: Total 200 cases were studied including 62% female and 38% male patients. When these patients were advised to take insulin therapy, 5.5% agreed while 94.5% refused. Main cause of refusal was fear of injection pain in 41.3% cases and fear of addiction was in 27% cases. Mean age of patients was 40.3±8.5 years. Conclusion:  Majority of type-2 diabetic people on oral antidiabetics have fear to use insulin therapy. Injection site pain or fear of addition are main causes of refusa