La desigualdad frente al espejo: una herramienta para el aprendizaje de la estratificación social a través del autoanálisis sociológico 2

Elaboración de una aplicación para el aprendizaje de la desigualdad social a partir de una intervención experiencial en el aula en la que se visualiza la comparación de las situaciones y percepciones del estudiantado con la realidad social general

Influence of adaptive energy saving techniques on office buildings located in cities of the Iberian Peninsula

The use of setpoint temperatures based on adaptive comfort algorithms is a method more and more used as an energy saving technique. Knowing the relationship between inhabitable rooms with their specific climate is crucial for users' climate adaptation, especially in a global warming context. This research analyses the influence of EN 15251:2007, EN 16798-1:2019, and ASHRAE 55-2017 standards on an office building located in 65 cities. The effects of climate change have been considered in the energy performance of current, 2050, and 2100 scenarios. Also, 780 dynamic simulations were performed so that a cluster analysis was carried out to determine the similarity relationships among the various zones. The results show that the model of the EN 16798-1:2019 standard was the option achieving a greater energy saving in current and future scenarios, and the use of energy was greatly reduced in those zones characterized by having a greater cooling energy consumption. Moreover, the differences of energy consumption between the adaptive models in the cities and years generated that the clusters presented differences among all cities, so such scenarios are required to be considered for future interventions. This research is the transition towards the goals proposed by the European Union for 2050.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of a Python-based algorithm for adaptive thermal comfort: Theoretical formulation and application cases

Adaptive thermal comfort has gained momentum within the scientific community as a cost effective and affordable way of maintaining acceptable levels of comfort in dwellings while abating energy expenditure. At the moment two international standards, namely the European EN16798-1 and the American ASHRAE55-2010 shape the understanding of adaptive comfort around the world. However, in recent years concerns have raised about whether they can accurately represent comfort conditions considering the cultural and societal background of different countries, and whether adaptive thermal comfort will be still feasible in future scenarios of climate change. Considering these challenges, this study presents an algorithm which can model different adaptive comfort models; additionally, it can be implemented into energy simulation engines and therefore used to predict energy consumption under different climates, building typologies, and dynamic comfort conditions. This contribution presents the development of the aforementioned algorithm, called ACCIS (Adaptive-Comfort-Control-Implementation Script), originally written in EnergyPlus Runtime Language (ERL) and later nested in a Python package called ACCIM (Adaptive-Comfort-Control-Implemented Model)”, its main characteristics, and also the implementation into two cases studies: The thermal comfort in social dwellings in Spain and Japan considering present and future climate change scenarios namely Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 for years 2050, 2080 and 2100. The results show that the predicted energy consumption of low-income families is strongly influenced by the adaptive comfort model chosen to model their thermal routine and suggest that international standards should be put under revision to consider the local particularities of dwellers in subsidized housing projects. The results of this research can be useful to devise public policies aimed at abating energy cost for low-income dwellers that benefit from social housing programs, particularly in the light of the increment of energy costs for heating and cooling associated with climate change.

A new uppermost Albian flora from Teruel province, northeastern Spain

This paper reports a new Early Cretaceous flora discovered recently near the village of Estercuel (Teruel province, northeastern Spain). The plant bearing beds belong to the uppermost part of the Early Cretaceous succession, at the top of the fluvial deposits of the Utrillas Formation. The site has yielded a diverse assemblage of plant compressions including lycopods and ferns, various gymnosperms as well as terrestrial and aquatic angiosperms. Leaves of aquatic lycopods (Isoetites sp.) constitute a minor component of the palaeobotanical assemblage. Filicales are not very common, with Dicksoniales (Onychiopsis sp.) and a few specimens of Cladophlebis type fronds. The gymnosperms are represented by fragmented remains of long parallel veined Desmiophyllum leaves as well as a great abundance of conifer axis corresponding to the form-genus Pagiophyllum and female cones. Terrestrial angiosperms include pinnately lobed leaves of the genus Myricompia, simple leaves with spatulate lamina and some petiolate leaves both corresponding to angiosperms of uncertain affinity. Aquatic angiosperms consist of Nelumbo-like floral receptacles (Nelumbonaceae, Proteales) and Aquatifolia cf: fluitans (Nympheales). The palynological assemblage is dominated by pollen of gymnosperms (mainly Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus, Classopollis major and Araucariacites australis). It also includes many angiosperm grains (Afropollis jardinus, Clavatipollenites spp., Di-chastopollenites spp., Liliacidites doylei, Monosulcites chaloneri, Penetetrapites mollis, Pennipollis spp., Phimopollenites augathellaensis, Retimonocolpites textus, Rousea spp., Senectotetradites varireticulatus, Stellatopollis barghoornii, Striatopollis spp., Transitoripollis sp. cf. T similis, Tricolpites spp., Tricolporoidites sp.) and records the first occurrence of tricolporate forms in the uppermost part of the Utrillas Formation. Both macroflora and microflora assemblages present taxa similar to those of the uppermost Albian Shaftesbury Formation in northwestern Alberta in Canada, the uppermost Albian Denton Shale Member of Bokchito Formation in southern Oklahoma, the lower part of the Upper Albian Dakota Formation from the mid-west of North America, and Subzone II C of the Potomac Group, eastern United States. Both macro- and microflora assemblages display boreal influence with some similar taxa to those of the Upper Albian Kome Formation in western Greenland and some taxa as Afropollis jardinus and Stellatopollis barghoornii more frequently found in the tethyan and gondwanan realms. A gondwanan affinity is also indicated by the presence of Klitzschophyllites leaves

Holistic overview of natural ventilation and mixed mode in built environment of warm climate zones and hot seasons

The climate change leads to periods of extreme events (i.e. reduction of cold seasons, heat waves, overheating, urban heat island among others) that affect the performance of residential and tertiary buildings with high occupancy (i.e. hospitals, schools, commercial centres, offices etc). However, most of low-carbon policies do not consider the ventilation as a mitigation measure. In fact, a lack of studies on natural ventilation (NV) and mixed-mode (MM) strategies was detected, especially for warm regions or areas with hot and humid climates. This paper aims to carry out a bibliometric analysis from 1928 to 2023, to observe the evolution of the topic. After identifying the main research clusters (thermal comfort, energy efficiency, indoor air quality and simulation tools) by science mapping, the most relevant publications of the last 20 years were assessed (2003–2023). The results of this study revealed that only 1.51 % of the scientific documents in 95 years corresponded to an extensive literature review, although epidemic or disease outbreaks led to peaks of production in this topic. This emphasizes the importance of observing what was done and how was implemented over the years. Regarding the clusters, some relevant aspects can be highlighted: (i) non-homogeneity of studies on NV or MM related to building type; (ii) interregional projects should be drawn up to check the effectiveness of NV and MM, especially when other architectural techniques are adopted (i.e. solar chimneys, window wall ratio –WWR-, thermally activated building structures –TABS- etc); (iii) the optimization of simulation tools should be based on the incorporation of BIM and generative design for NV and MM.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, under the research project PID2021-122437OA-I00 “Positive Energy Buildings Potential for Climate Change Adaptation and Energy Poverty Mitigation (+ENERPOT)”. Also, the authors would like to acknowledge the Thematic Network 723RT0151 “Red Iberoamericana de Eficiencia y Salubridad en Edificios” (IBERESE) financed by the call for Thematic Networks of the CYTED Program for 2022 for supporting this research.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

State of Emergency Medicine in Switzerland: a national profile of emergency departments in 2006

BACKGROUND Emergency departments (EDs) are an essential component of any developed health care system. There is, however, no national description of EDs in Switzerland. Our objective was to establish the number and location of EDs, patient visits and flow, medical staff and organization, and capabilities in 2006, as a benchmark before emergency medicine became a subspecialty in Switzerland. METHODS In 2007, we started to create an inventory of all hospital-based EDs with a preliminary list from the Swiss Society of Emergency and Rescue Medicine that was improved with input from ED physicians nationwide. EDs were eligible if they offered acute care 24 h per day, 7 days per week. Our goal was to have 2006 data from at least 80% of all EDs. The survey was initiated in 2007 and the 80% threshold reached in 2012. RESULTS In 2006, Switzerland had a total of 138 hospital-based EDs. The number of ED visits was 1.475 million visits or 20 visits per 100 inhabitants. The median number of visits was 8,806 per year; 25% of EDs admitted 5,000 patients or less, 31% 5,001-10,000 patients, 26% 10,001-20,000 patients, and 17% >20,000 patients per year. Crowding was reported by 84% of EDs with >20,000 visits/year. Residents with limited experience provided care for 77% of visits. Imaging was not immediately available for all patients: standard X-ray within 15 min (70%), non-contrast head CT scan within 15 min (38%), and focused sonography for trauma (70%); 67% of EDs had an intensive care unit within the hospital, and 87% had an operating room always available. CONCLUSIONS Swiss EDs were significant providers of health care in 2006. Crowding, physicians with limited experience, and the heterogeneity of emergency care capabilities were likely threats to the ubiquitous and consistent delivery of quality emergency care, particularly for time-sensitive conditions. Our survey establishes a benchmark to better understand future improvements in Swiss emergency care