Acculturation: Strategies to Overcome Stress by Migrant Families

Migration contributes to cultural change which involves acculturation, enculturation and resilience. Locational choice, cultural differences, coping mechanisms and learning specific skills help to sustain socio-economic life patterns. Seven domains are linked at the primary level (language, religion, cultural events, entertainment, food, and shopping habits); three at the secondary level (cognitive styles, behavioural patterns, and attitudes). On a temporal scale - acculturation reflects in cultural change of migrants’ psychological character and cultural-economic safety. Acculturation strategies involve processes like integration, separation, assimilation and marginalization based on individual and group identities. The paper will attempt to identify the underlying factors that shape the psychology of a person who decides to migrate. Migrants, when leaving their native place, create two layers of psychological problems and thus different coping strategies adopted by everyone related to migration. The psychological stress of immigrants shall also be explored in this paper and will also focus on the types and impact of migration due to COVID -19 on family, the relationship between work and migration and coping mechanisms. Responsibility should be attached with multiple dimensions centering on personal, familial as well as community levels. In the COVID era, the issue of responsibility becomes the most coveted notion for existence especially in the context of migration

The Signatures of Self-Interacting Dark Matter and Subhalo Disruption on Cluster Substructure

The abundance, distribution and inner structure of satellites of galaxy clusters can be sensitive probes of the properties of dark matter. We run 30 cosmological zoom-in simulations with self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), with a velocity-dependent cross-section, to study the properties of subhalos within cluster-mass hosts. We find that the abundance of subhalos that survive in the SIDM simulations are suppressed relative to their cold dark matter (CDM) counterparts. Once the population of disrupted subhalos -- which may host orphan galaxies -- are taken into account, satellite galaxy populations in CDM and SIDM models can be reconciled. However, even in this case, the inner structure of subhalos are significantly different in the two dark matter models. We study the feasibility of using the weak lensing signal from the subhalo density profiles to distinguish between the cold and self-interacting dark matter while accounting for the potential contribution of orphan galaxies. We find that the effects of self-interactions on the density profile of subhalos can appear degenerate with subhalo disruption in CDM, when orphans are accounted for. With current error bars from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Strategic Program, we find that subhalos in the outskirts of clusters (where disruption is less prevalent) can be used to constrain dark matter physics. In the future, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time will give precise measurements of the weak lensing profile and can be used to constrain $\sigma_T/m$ at the $\sim 1$ cm$^2$ g$^{-1}$ level at $v\sim 2000$ km s$^{-1}$.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, to be submitted to Ap

Biological membranes in EV biogenesis, stability, uptake, and cargo transfer: an ISEV position paper arising from the ISEV membranes and EVs workshop

Paracrine and endocrine roles have increasingly been ascribed to extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated by multicellular organisms. Central to the biogenesis, content, and function of EVs are their delimiting lipid bilayer membranes. To evaluate research progress on membranes and EVs, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) conducted a workshop in March 2018 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, bringing together key opinion leaders and hands-on researchers who were selected on the basis of submitted applications. The workshop was accompanied by two scientific surveys and covered four broad topics: EV biogenesis and release; EV uptake and fusion; technologies and strategies used to study EV membranes; and EV transfer and functional assays. In this ISEV position paper, we synthesize the results of the workshop and the related surveys to outline important outstanding questions about EV membranes and describe areas of consensus. The workshop discussions and survey responses reveal that while much progress has been made in the field, there are still several concepts that divide opinion. Good consensus exists in some areas, including particular aspects of EV biogenesis, uptake and downstream signalling. Areas with little to no consensus include EV storage and stability, as well as whether and how EVs fuse with target cells. Further research is needed in these key areas, as a better understanding of membrane biology will contribute substantially towards advancing the field of extracellular vesicles.Fil: Russell, Ashley E.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Sneider, Alexandra. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Witwer, Kenneth W.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Bergese, Paolo. Università Degli Studi Di Brescia; ItaliaFil: Bhattacharyya, Suvendra N.. Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; IndiaFil: Cocks, Alexander. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Cocucci, Emanuele. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Erdbrügger, Uta. University of Virginia; Estados UnidosFil: Falcon Perez, Juan M.. Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science; EspañaFil: Freeman, David W.. National Institute On Aging National Institute for Helth ; Estados UnidosFil: Gallagher, Thomas M.. Loyola University Of Chicago; Estados UnidosFil: Hu, Shuaishuai. Technological University Dublin; IrlandaFil: Huang, Yiyao. University Johns Hopkins; Estados Unidos. Southern Medical University; ChinaFil: Jay, Steven M.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Kano, Shin-ichi. The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Lavieu, Gregory. Institut Curie; FranciaFil: Leszczynska, Aleksandra. University of California at San Diego; Estados UnidosFil: Llorente, Alicia M.. Oslo University Hospital; NoruegaFil: Lu, Quan. Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Mahairaki, Vasiliki. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Muth, Dillon C.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Noren Hooten, Nicole. National Institute On Aging National Institute for Helth ; Estados UnidosFil: Ostrowski, Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Prada, Ilaria. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; ItaliaFil: Sahoo, Susmita. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ; Estados UnidosFil: Schøyen, Tine Hiorth. Uit The Arctic University Of Norway; Noruega. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Sheng, Lifuy. University of Washington. School of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Tesch, Deanna. Shaw University; Estados UnidosFil: Van Niel, Guillaume. No especifíca;Fil: Vandenbroucke, Roosmarijn E.. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Verweij, Frederik J.. No especifíca;Fil: Villar, Ana V.. Universidad de Cantabria; EspañaFil: Wauben, Marca. University of Utrecht; Países BajosFil: Wehman, Ann M.. Universität Würzburg; AlemaniaFil: Ardavan, Arzhang. Peking University; ; ChinaFil: Carter, David Raul Francisco. Oxford Brookes University; Reino UnidoFil: Vader, Pieter. University Medical Center Utrecht; Países Bajo

Performance Analyses of a RAIM Algorithm for Kalman Filter with GPS and NavIC Constellations

This paper evaluates the performance of an integrity monitoring algorithm of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) for the Kalman filter (KF), termed KF receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM). The algorithm checks measurement inconsistencies in the range domain and requires Schmidt KF (SKF) as the navigation processor. First, realistic carrier-smoothed pseudorange measurement error models of GNSS are integrated into KF RAIM, overcoming an important limitation of prior work. More precisely, the error covariance matrix for fault detection is modified to capture the temporal variations of individual errors with different time constants. Uncertainties of the model parameters are also taken into account. Performance of the modified KF RAIM is then analyzed with the simulated signals of the global positioning system and navigation with Indian constellation for different phases of aircraft flight. Weighted least squares (WLS) RAIM used for comparison purposes is shown to have lower protection levels. This work, however, is important because KF-based integrity monitors are required to ensure the reliability of advanced navigation methods, such as multi-sensor integration and vector receivers. A key finding of the performance analyses is as follows. Innovation-based tests with an extended KF navigation processor confuse slow ramp faults with residual measurement errors that the filter estimates, leading to missed detection. RAIM with SKF, on the other hand, can successfully detect such faults. Thus, it offers a promising solution to developing KF integrity monitoring algorithms in the range domain. The modified KF RAIM completes processing in time on a low-end computer. Some salient features are also studied to gain insights into its working principles

Using Aqueous Kaolinite Suspension as a Medium for Removing Phosphate from Water

Phosphates enter into water bodies mainly from non-point sources such as agriculture fields, which promote algal growth and cause eutrophication in lakes, wetlands, etc. Therefore, it is important to identify methods to reduce the level of phosphates in water bodies. In this work, we used kaolinite and its calcined and acid-activated forms as adsorbents for removing phosphate from an aqueous medium under different conditions of pH, concentration, amount of adsorbent, time and temperature. Our results showed that weakly acidic pH (∼5.0) favoured the adsorption of phosphates, which attained equilibrium within 180 min. The interactions followed second-order kinetics. Our data fitted well with linear isotherm models. A part of the phosphate interacts chemically with kaolinite, while some amount may be weakly held. Experiments at 303, 313, 323 and 333 K showed that the interactions are exothermic, with decreasing entropy and Gibbs' energy. We found that acid-activated kaolinite had the highest adsorption capacity for phosphate

Treatment of water contaminated with Pb(II) and Cd(II) by adsorption on kaolinite, montmorillonite and their acid-activated forms

457-470Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from spiked water samples by adsorption on clays was studied in this work as a model for water treatment. Kaolinite and montmorillonite were used as the clay adsorbents and they were further activated by treating with 0.25 M H2SO4. All the adsorbents were characterized with respect to surface area, cation exchange capacity and structural features as revealed with XRD and FTIR measurements. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch process with the variation of initial concentration of metal ions, amount of clay, pH, time and temperature. The adsorption was favoured at higher pH. The clay-Pb(II) interactions attained equilibrium at 180 min, whereas clay-Cd(II) system required 240 min to reach the same. Both the systems follow second order kinetic model. Montmorillonite and its acid-treated form had better adsorption properties. The Langmuir monolayer capacity varied from 11.1 to 34.0 mg/g and from 9.9 to 33.2 mg/g for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively depending on the clay. Pb(II) adsorbed exothermally while the processes were endothermic with Cd(II). Kaolinite, montmorillonite and their acid activated forms have good potential for taking up Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous medium

Adsorptive Accumulation of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) Ions from Water onto Kaolinite: Influence of Acid Activation

Naturally occurring kaolinite and its acid-activated form were used to separate the toxic metal ions Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) from water by adsorption. Kaolinite was treated with 0.25 M H 2 SO 4 to obtain the acid-activated form. Adsorption onto the calcined forms of the clays was influenced by pH, the solution concentration of metal ions, the amount of adsorbent employed, the interaction time and the temperature. The process followed second-order kinetics very closely. Isotherm-fitting procedures showed compliance with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations suggesting the involvement of strong interactions. The Langmuir monolayer capacity showed some increase between kaolinite and the acid-activated form [Cd(II): 9.9 and 11.4 mg/g; Co(II): 11.2 and 12.1 mg/g; Cu(II): 9.2 and 10.1 mg/g; Pb(II): 11.1 and 12.1 mg/g; and Ni(II): 10.4 and 11.9 mg/g]. The thermodynamics of the rate processes showed that the adsorption of Co(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions was endothermic and accompanied by an increase in both the entropy and the Gibbs' free energy. However, in contrast, the adsorption of Pb(II) and Ni(II) ions was exothermic with a decrease in entropy and an appreciable decrease in the Gibbs' free energy. The results have established that kaolinite and its acid-activated form show a good potential as adsorbents for Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous media

Impetigo herpetiformis and pregnancy: Anesthetic management for caesarean delivery

The case report presented here is of a primigravida who was admitted with impetigo herpetiformis and was planned for an emergency caesarean section due to fetal distress. General anesthesia was administered. Immediately after extubation, she developed severe laryngospasm, which was relieved by administration of intravenous calcium gluconate. Rest of the postoperative period was uneventful