17 research outputs found
Gastrointestinal symptoms among COVIDâ19 patients presenting to a primary health care center of Nepal: A crossâsectional study
Abstract Background and Aim Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVIDâ19) is a major public health problem causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apart from respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort are quite common among COVIDâ19 patients. The gastrointestinal tract can be a potential site for virus replication and feces a source of transmission. Thus, ignorance of enteric symptoms can hinder effective disease control. The objective of this study is to see the gastrointestinal manifestation of the disease and its effect on morbidity and mortality. Methods This observational crossâsectional retrospective study was carried out among 165 laboratoryâconfirmed COVIDâ19 patients in primary health care of Gorkha, Nepal from March 1, 2021 to March 1, 2022. A systematic random sampling method was adopted while data were entered and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results Of 165 patients, 97 patients (58.78%) had enteric involvement. Among gastrointestinal symptoms, diarrhea in 67 patients (40.6%) and nausea and/or vomiting in 66 patients (40%) were the most common symptoms, followed by abdominal pain in 27 patients (16.4%) and anorexia in 19 patients (11.5%). Of the majority of cases with gastrointestinal involvement, 63 (63%) were below 50 years of age. Many of the patients who received vaccination had gastrointestinal symptoms (79%). Complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, and arrhythmia developed in 9.7% of patients, with the death of eight patients. COVIDâ19 vaccination was associated with 4.32 times higher odds of having gastrointestinal involvement in subsequent COVIDâ19 infection. Conclusions Diarrhea followed by nausea/vomiting was among the most common gastrointestinal symptoms affecting younger age groups in our study. Enteric symptoms were more common among vaccinated people rather than among nonvaccinated ones
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning COVID-19 in Nepal
Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) severely affects patients with chronic diseases. Adequate knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to COVID-19 is associated with decrease morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19 disease among chronic diseases patients visiting tertiary hospitals in Kathmandu.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among chronic disease patients who visited Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital and Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu. Structured questionnaire was used to collect patientsâ socio-demographic data and perspectives on COVID-19.
Results: Four hundred chronic disease patients participated in the study, with 53.2% female and 46.8% male, and 56.8% of age â„50 years. Overall, 55.5% of the participants had good knowledge, 56.2% had good practice, and 30.7% had positive attitude towards COVID-19. Younger patients, 18-34 years, were found to have higher odds of having good knowledge compared to other age groups (aOR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3-6.0). The patients with less than average family income and those unable to read and write had lower odds of having positive attitude towards COVID-19 (aOR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9 and aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-0.9, respectively). A statistically significant correlation was found between the patientsâ knowledge and practice, knowledge and attitude, and attitude and practice (p <0.001).
Conclusions: Nearly half of the chronic disease patients in Nepal had poor knowledge and practice whereas more than two-third had negative attitude towards COVID-19 disease. Older age of the patient was significantly associated with poor knowledge and practice.
Keywords: Attitudes; chronic diseases; COVID-19; knowledge; practic
Discovery and Development of 1â[(2-Bromophenyl)sulfonyl]-5-methoxy-3-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]â1<i>H</i>âindole Dimesylate Monohydrate (SUVN-502): A Novel, Potent, Selective and Orally Active Serotonin 6 (5-HT<sub>6</sub>) Receptor Antagonist for Potential Treatment of Alzheimerâs Disease
Optimization
of a novel series of 3-(piperazinylmethyl) indole
derivatives as 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 receptor (5-HT<sub>6</sub>R)
antagonists resulted in identification of 1-[(2-bromophenyl)Âsulfonyl]-5-methoxy-3-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)Âmethyl]-1<i>H</i>-indole dimesylate monohydrate (<b>5al</b>, SUVN-502)
as a clinical candidate for potential treatment of cognitive disorders.
It has high affinity at human 5-HT<sub>6</sub>R (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 2.04 nM) and selectivity over 100 target sites which
include receptors, enzymes, peptides, growth factors, ion channels,
steroids, immunological factors, second messengers, and prostaglandins.
It has high selectivity over 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor. It is orally
bioavailable and brain penetrant with robust preclinical efficacy.
The combination of <b>5al</b>, donepezil, and memantine (triple
combination) produces synergistic effects in extracellular levels
of acetylcholine in the ventral hippocampus. Preclinical efficacy
in triple combination and high selectivity over 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors
are the differentiating features which culminated in selection of <b>5al</b> for further development. The Phase-1 evaluation of safety
and pharmacokinetics has been completed, allowing for the initiation
of a Phase-2 proof of concept study