ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PIMENTA DIOICA (L.) MERRIL AN AROMATIC MEDICINAL TREE

Objective: To assess the antifungal activities of the extracts of leaves of Pimenta dioica against human pathogenic fungi and identify the class of phytochemical responsible for the biological activity.Methods: The shade dried, and powdered leaves of Pimenta dioica were subjected to polarity based solvent extraction by soaking. The extracts were dried in a rotary flash evaporator and subjected to antifungal activity assay against Candida albicans, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum, by disc diffusion method. Antifungal active petroleum ether extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis to identify the active compound. The extract was then subjected to Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Bioautography, by agar overlay method. The fractions were collected by Preparative TLC method and subjected to antifungal activity assay by disc diffusion method. Further, the Libermann-Burchard test was conducted to detect the broad group of compounds responsible for the bioactivity.Results: Among the five extracts viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous, the petroleum ether extract showed significant antifungal activity against Microsporum canis (50 mm), Microsporum gypseum (60 mm) and Candida albicans (23 mm). Terpenoids, tannins and flavonoids were found to be the chief constituents of the petroleum ether extract. The TLC of the extract revealed 7 spots with the Rf values 0.37, 0.42, 0.45, 0.52, 0.59, 0.76, 0.96 with the solvent system of hexane and acetone (1:0.5). The bioautography assay revealed inhibitory activity in the spots at Rf values 0.52 and 0.59. These fractions obtained by preparative TLC also confirmed the same. The phytochemical analysis of the fractions on the TLC plate suggests that the compound is triterpene or steroid.Conclusion: The antifungal activity of Pimenta dioica and the bioactive phytochemical has been reported in the present study. Preliminary phytochemical analysis has indicated that the compounds are triterpenes or steroids. The results indicate that the active compounds are potential lead molecules for new antifungal drugs in the management of infectious fungi

Recent Ancestry of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus

Clinicians in Asia should consider this disease when diagnosing acute febrile illnesses

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Evaluation of antifungal potential of selected medicinal plants against human pathogenic fungi

Increasingly, online social media networks allow users to use geotagging. This method of adding location data to various content shared in real time has introduced privacy related issues and threats to the users of such networks. Previous research present opposing findings on whether users actually care about their location privacy or not, and it has also been shown that users often display a behaviour inconsistent with their concerns. When asked, users tend to report high privacy concerns, but in contrast, they will then not let their privacy concerns affect or limit their behaviour online; the privacy paradox is a description of this dichotomy. The problem, however, is not only that location privacy seems to be a paradoxical issue; the sharing of location data provides users with new possibilities that can potentially have negative consequences for them, such as someone else being able to identify one’s identity, home location, habits or other sensitive information. Social media network users communicate that a part of this is due to the lack of control over which information they share, with whom and where.This study employs a qualitative method, using unstructured interviews in a pre-study and a self-completion questionnaire. The purpose of the study is to examine and gain a better understanding of how the privacy paradox can help to better explain users’ location data disclosure preferences in the context of social media networking, and to help social media network developers in order to reduce privacy-related issues in social media networking applications with geotagging capabilities. The findings indicate that the paradox indeed is evident in user’s stated geotagging behaviour, and that users are slightly more worried about their location privacy than their overall online privacy. The conclusions offer a couple of different explanations for the paradox, and we argue that the contradiction of the paradox can be seen as a constant trade-off between benefits and risks of geotagging. We also give some examples of such advantages and disadvantages

A case of severe anaphylaxis following coronary angiography

Anaphylaxis reactions are not uncommon in routine practice and involve multiple systems usually. Cardiovascular collapse is the severest form of reaction. We present a case of severe anaphylactic reaction with cardiovascular collapse without other systems involvement which had to treat with intravenous adrenaline for a prolonged duration (successfully). The case is presented because of the rarity of presentation (single system involvement) and requirement of prolonged use of adrenaline for more than 24 h

Treatment outcomes of patients on non-Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (private) anti-tuberculosis regimen from a tertiary-care centre in Kerala, India

Introduction Although standardised tuberculosis (TB) treatment in India is delivered by the public sector through the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP), majority of patients in the country are treated with private anti-TB drugs. The objective of the study was to assess the treatment outcome of patients initiated on non-RNTCP regimen from a private tertiary-care centre from January to June 2016. Patients and methods A nonconcurrent cohort study was done which followed up the patients who have been initiated on private anti-TB regimen from a private tertiary-care centre in Kerala, India, during the first and second quarter of 2016. Details of further visits were sought from the hospital health management information system. A phone call interview was done with all patients, 9–12 months after treatment initiation. Results There were 81 patients who were initiated on private anti-TB regimen. Of them, 26 were of pulmonary TB and 55 were of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Among pulmonary TB, 17 (65.38%) cases and in EPTB, 41 (74.54%) cases had successful treatment outcome. The overall success of the non-RNTCP regimen was 71.6%. In pulmonary TB, six (23.1%) cases and in EPTB 11 (20%) cases came under lost to follow-up category. Conclusion The results calls for urgent actions to have a system in place for tracking patients initiated on private anti-TB drugs so as to ensure the standards of TB care. The national programme may further strengthen monitoring of treatment adherence in private sector with established ICT-based treatment support models

Internet addiction and its correlates among undergraduate students of health sciences in coastal Karnataka: A cross-sectional study

Internet has become the most important part of everyone’s life, especially the youth who are found to be dependent on it for various reasons, which is a direct effect of rapid expansion of technology around the globe. The present study was conducted to assess the magnitude of internet addiction among undergraduate students of health sciences of coastal Karnataka and to find the risk factors for internet addiction among undergraduate students of health sciences of coastal Karnataka. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1300 students of a private university of coastal Karnataka. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Young’s Internet addiction test and depression, anxiety and stress test. Descriptive statistics were reported, and Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between expected outcomes. Out of these 884 (68%) were females and 416 (32%) were males. Among the 1300 participants, 1118 (86%) were normal users, 156 (12%) had mild addiction, 26 (2%) had moderate to severe addiction.&nbsp