Non Fermi-Liquid States and Pairing of a general Model of Copper-Oxide Metals

A model of copper-oxygen bonding and anti-bonding bands with the most general two-body interactions allowable by symmetry is considered. The model has a continuous transition as a function of hole-density x and temperature T to a phase in which a current circulates in each unit cell. This phase preserves the translational symmetry of the lattice while breaking time-reversal invariance and the four-fold rotational symmetry. The product of time-reversal and four-fold rotation is preserved. The circulating current phase terminates at a critical point at $x=x_c, T=0$. In the quantum-critical region about this point the logarithm of the frequency of the current fluctuations scales with their momentum. The microscopic basis for the marginal Fermi-liquid phenemenology and the observed long wavelength transport anomalies near $x=x_c$ are derived from such fluctuations. The symmetry of the current fluctuations is such that the associated magnetic field fluctuations are absent at oxygen sites and have the correct form to explain the anomalous copper nuclear relaxation rate. Cross-overs to the Fermi-liquid phase on either side of $x_c$ and the role of disorder are briefly considered. The current fluctuations promote superconductive instability with a propensity towards ``D-wave" symmetry or ``extended S-wave"symmetry depending on details of the band-structure.Comment: 85 pages RevTex,15 figures available from the autho

Stellar Occultations: From observations to results

Workshop program and abstracts available at: http://www.imcce.fr/hosted_sites/workshop/PPA2010/#venue and http://www.imcce.fr/hosted_sites/workshop/PPA2010/workshop2010/PPA2010-Berthier.pd

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ORSAY-PARIS 11-BU Sciences (914712101) / SudocSudocFranceF

The Virtual Observatory in planetology, two scientific use cases: Asteroids and exoplanets

International audienceSearching with a "naked eye" in a planetary data archive takes a considerable time. This work must be done in an automatic way. However, the planetary data archive is subject to a constant change (new elements, new version of analysis, new parameters). Furthermore, there are several archives for a same object, thus, obtaining reliable information requires a sequential search of several different archives. Workflows developed in the frame of the virtual observatories (VO), can use all collections of integrated astronomical data archives and software tools that utilize computer networks to create an environment in which research can be conducted. Several countries have initiated national virtual observatory programs that combine existing databases from ground-based and orbiting observatories and make them easily accessible to researchers. As a result, data from all the world's major observatories will be available to all users and to the public. This is significant not only because of the immense volume of astronomical data but also because the data on stars and galaxies has been compiled from observations in a variety of wavelengths - optical, radio, infrared, gamma ray, X-ray and more. In a virtual observatory environment, all of this data is integrated so that it can be synthesized and used in a given study. In this paper, we show how to develop a workflow using a selection of the virtual observatory tools in the case of two hot topics: asteroids and exopanets (51 Peg b)

Design of a 2D no-flow chamber to monitor hematopoietic stem cells.

International audienceHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most commonly used cell type in cell-based therapy. However, the investigation of their behavior in vitro has been limited by the difficulty of monitoring these non-adherent cells under classical culture conditions. Indeed, fluid flow moves cells away from the video-recording position and prevents single cell tracking over long periods of time. Here we describe a large array of 2D no-flow chambers allowing the monitoring of single HSCs for several days. The chamber design has been optimized to facilitate manufacturing and routine use. The chip contains a single inlet and 800 chambers. The chamber medium can be renewed by diffusion within a few minutes. This allowed us to stain live human HSCs with fluorescent primary antibodies in order to reveal their stage in the hematopoiesis differentiation pathway. Thus we were able to correlate human HSCs' growth rate, polarization and migration to their differentiation stage

Optimizing asteroid orbit computation for Gaia with normal points

Context. In addition to the systematic observations of known solar-system objects (SSOs), a continuous processing of new discoveries requiring fast responses is implemented as the short-term processing of Gaia SSO observations, providing alerts for ground-based follow-up observers. The common independent observation approach for the purposes of orbit computation has led to unrealistically large ephemeris prediction uncertainties when processing real Gaia data. Aims. We aim to provide ground-based observers with a cloud of sky positions that is shrunk to a fraction of the previously expected search area by making use of the characteristic features of Gaia astrometry. This enhances the efficiency of Gaia SSO follow-up network and leads to an increased rate of asteroid discoveries with reasonably constrained orbits with the help of ground-based follow-up observations of Gaia asteroids. Methods. We took advantage of the separation of positional errors of Gaia S SO observations into a random and systematic component. We treated the Gaia observations in an alternative way by collapsing up to ten observations that correspond to a single transit into a single so-called normal point. We implemented this input procedure in the Gaia S SO short-term processing pipeline and the OpenOrb software. Results. We validate our approach by performing extensive comparisons between the independent observation and normal point input methods and compare them to the observed positions of previously known asteroids. The new approach reduces the ephemeris uncertainty by a factor of between three and ten compared to the situation where each point is treated as a separate observation. Conclusions. Our new data treatment improves the sky prediction for the Gaia SSO observations by removing low-weight orbital solutions. These solutions originate from excessive curvature of observations, introduced by short-term variations of Gaia attitude on the one hand, and, as a main effect, shrinking of systematic error bars in the independent observation case on the other hand. We anticipate that a similar approach may also be utilized in a situation where observations from a single observatory dominate.Peer reviewe

Spitzer observations of mutual events in the binary system (617) Patroclus-Menoetius

We report Spitzer observations of the binary Trojan system (617) Patroclus-Menoetius during two mutual events, when respectively one component shadowed and occulted the other. Observing the thermal response to mutual shadowing with spectral ( 8--33 µm) and temporal resolution allowed us to determine the system's thermal inertia in a uniquely direct way. Furthermore, our analysis provided an accurate determination of the system's size which is methodologically independent of the estimate by Berthier et al. (this session). Our results allow a more reliable estimate of the system's bulk density (the total mass was determined from the system's mutual orbit; Marchis et al., 2006; Berthier et al., this session). This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. This material is partly based upon work supported by the national Aeronautics and Space Administration issue through the Science Mission Directorate Research and Analysis Programs number NNG05GF09G

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Mutations on the Production of a Recombinant RBD Fusion Protein in Mammalian Cells

SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) is a major target for the development of diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics directed against COVID-19. Important efforts have been dedicated to the rapid and efficient production of recombinant RBD proteins for clinical and diagnostic applications. One of the main challenges is the ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that carry mutations within the RBD, resulting in the constant need to design and optimise the production of new recombinant protein variants. We describe here the impact of naturally occurring RBD mutations on the secretion of a recombinant Fc-tagged RBD protein expressed in HEK 293 cells. We show that mutation E484K of the B.1.351 variant interferes with the proper disulphide bond formation and folding of the recombinant protein, resulting in its retention into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and reduced protein secretion. Accumulation of the recombinant B.1.351 RBD-Fc fusion protein in the ER correlated with the upregulation of endogenous ER chaperones, suggestive of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Overexpression of the chaperone and protein disulphide isomerase PDIA2 further impaired protein secretion by altering disulphide bond formation and increasing ER retention. This work contributes to a better understanding of the challenges faced in producing mutant RBD proteins and can assist in the design of optimisation protocols