Applying social influence insights to encourage climate resilient domestic water behaviour: Bridging the theory-practice gap

Water scarcity is one of the most pressing issues of our time and it is projected to increase as global demand surges and climate change limits fresh water availability. If we are to reduce water demand, it is essential that we draw on every tool in the box, including one that is underestimated and underutilised: social influence. Research from the psychological sciences demonstrates that behaviour is strongly influenced by the behaviour of others, and that social influence can be harnessed to develop cost-effective strategies to encourage climate resilient behaviour. Far less attention has been paid to investigating water-related interventions in comparison to interventions surrounding energy. In this paper we consider the application of three social influence strategies to encourage water conservation: social norms; social identity; and socially-comparative feedback. We not only review their empirical evidence base, but also offer an example of their application in the residential sector with the aim of highlighting how theoretical insights can be translated into practice. We argue that collaborations between researchers and industry are essential if we are to maximise the potential of behaviour change interventions to encourage climate resilient water behaviour

Translational models for vascular cognitive impairment: a review including larger species.

BACKGROUND: Disease models are useful for prospective studies of pathology, identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms, pre-clinical testing of interventions, and validation of clinical biomarkers. Here, we review animal models relevant to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A synopsis of each model was initially presented by expert practitioners. Synopses were refined by the authors, and subsequently by the scientific committee of a recent conference (International Conference on Vascular Dementia 2015). Only peer-reviewed sources were cited. METHODS: We included models that mimic VCI-related brain lesions (white matter hypoperfusion injury, focal ischaemia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy) or reproduce VCI risk factors (old age, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, high-salt/high-fat diet) or reproduce genetic causes of VCI (CADASIL-causing Notch3 mutations). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that (1) translational models may reflect a VCI-relevant pathological process, while not fully replicating a human disease spectrum; (2) rodent models of VCI are limited by paucity of white matter; and (3) further translational models, and improved cognitive testing instruments, are required

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: “AbSeS”, a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). Methods: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. Conclusion: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection

Prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica: estudio multicéntrico en población pediátrica evaluada en 36 centros de gastroenterología de América Latina

Introducción y objetivo: La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad crónica, mediada inmunológicamente, descrita en series y publicaciones alrededor del mundo. En los últimos 20 años diversos estudios han intentado evaluar la incidencia y prevalencia de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar la prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica en un grupo de niños atendidos en 36 centros de gastroenterología pediátrica de 10 países latinoamericanos. Materiales y métodos: A través de un protocolo multicéntrico, observacional y transversal se estimó la prevalencia de período de esofagitis eosinofílica entre los niños atendidos en consulta externa y sometidos a endoscopia superior diagnóstica por cualquier motivo en 36 centros de 10 países latinoamericanos durante un período de 3 meses. Resultados: Entre abril y junio de 2016 108 casos de esofagitis eosinofílica fueron evaluados. Asimismo, un promedio de 29,253 consultas ambulatorias y 4,152 endoscopias superiores de carácter diagnóstico fueron realizadas en los 36 centros participantes. La tasa de prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica en la población estudiada (n = 29,253) fue de 3,69 casos × 1,000 (IC 95%: 3.04 a 4.44) y entre los niños sometidos a endoscopia superior de rutina (n = 4,152) fue de 26 x 1,000 (IC 95%: 22.6 a 29.4). Conclusión: La tasa general de prevalencia de período de esofagitis eosinofílica en un grupo de niños evaluados en 36 centros latinoamericanos de gastroenterología pediátrica resultó de 3,69 × 1,000, y entre aquellos sometidos a endoscopia fue de 26 × 1,000. La prevalencia mostró una importante variabilidad entre los países y centros participantes. Este es el primer estudio de prevalencia de esofagitis eosinofílica pediátrica en Latinoamérica. Abstract: Introduction and objective: Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease described in case series and publications worldwide. Over the past twenty years, the authors of different studies have attempted to evaluate its incidence and prevalence. The objetive of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children seen at 36 pediatric gastroenterology centers in ten Latin American countries. Materials and methods: A multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted that estimated the period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in children seen at outpatient consultation and that underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any indication at 36 centers in 10 Latin American countries, within a 3-month time frame. Results: Between April and June 2016, 108 cases of eosinophilic esophagitis were evaluated. Likewise, an average of 29,253 outpatient consultations and 4,152 diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were carried out at the 36 participating centers. The period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the population studied (n = 29,253) was 3.69 cases × 1,000 (95% CI: 3.04 to 4.44), and among the children that underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (n = 4,152), it was 26 x 1,000 (95% CI: 22.6 to 29.4). Conclusions: The general period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children evaluated at 36 Latin American pediatric gastroenterology centers was 3.69 × 1,000, and in the children that underwent endoscopy, it was 26 × 1,000. There was important prevalence variability between the participating countries and centers. The present analysis is the first study conducted on the prevalence of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis in Latin America. Palabras clave: Esofagitis, Eosinofílica, Niños, Prevalencia, Latinoamérica, Keywords: Esophagitis, Eosinophilic, Children, Prevalence, Latin Americ

Resistencia a la tracción de postes de fibra de vidrio y de titanio cementados con cemento de vidrio ionomero y cemento de resina autograbante

Tesis (Magíster en Odontología con especialización en Rehabilitación Oral)Propósito: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la resistencia de postes preformados de titanio y fibra de vidrio cementados con cemento de vidrio ionómero y de resina autograbante en piezas uniradiculares, los cuales fueron sometidos a fuerzas traccionales in vitro. Método: Se evaluaron 40 piezas dentarias unirradiculares tratadas endodónticamente, decoronadas y desobturadas, luego fueron cementados dos tipos de postes con dos tipos de cementos. Las muestras se dividieron en 4 grupos de 10 piezas: Grupo 1, Postes de Titanio (Filpost) cementados con cemento de Vidrio lonómero (Ketac Cem Easy Mix); Grupo II, Postes de Titanio cementados con cemento de Resina Autograbante (RelyX U100); Grupo 111, Postes de Fibra de Vidrio (Fiberpost) cementados con cemento de Vidrio lonómero y Grupo IV, Postes de Fibra de Vidrio cementados con Resina Autograbante. Cada grupo fue sometido a pruebas de tracción por medio de una máquina Instrom capaz de generar la fuerza necesaria para producir la separación del poste de la pieza dentaria, la que fue medida en Megapascales (Mpa). Resultados: Los valores en Mpa de la resistencia a la tracción fueron: Grupo I (Ti1 KC) 10,77

Peptides derived from phage display libraries as potential neutralizers of Shiga toxin-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo

Aims To use the phage display technique to develop peptides with the capability to neutralize the cytotoxicity induced by Stx1 and Stx2 toxins produced by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Methods and Results The phage display technique permitted the development of three peptides, named PC7-12, P12-26 and PC7-30, which bind to the globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) receptor for Shiga toxins produced by STEC. Moreover, these peptides were capable of competing efficiently with the Shiga toxins for binding to Gb3. The peptides described herein partially inhibited the Stx-induced cytotoxicity of cell-free filtrates of STEC O157:H7 and purified Stx toxins in Vero cells. The inhibition of lethality induced by Stx toxins in mice indicated that peptide PC7-30 inhibited the lethality caused by Stx1 (2LD(50)) in mice. Conclusions The phage display technique permitted the development of peptides that inhibited the cytotoxicity induced by Stx toxins in vitro. Peptide PC7-30 inhibited the lethality of Stx1 in vivo; this molecule would be a promising candidate for the development of therapeutic agents for STEC-related diseases in humans. Significance and Impact of the Study The selection of Gb3, the common receptor for Stx1 and Stx2, may contribute to the development of efficient neutralizers for both toxins, and our approach would be an interesting alternative for the development of therapeutic molecules for the treatment of diseases caused by STEC strains116513221333FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPES

A política do intangível : museus e patrimônios em nova perspectiva

Apresentação, Livio Sansone 7; Ao ritmo dos Bumbas: obliterações e desigualdades na construção de um patrimônio festivo brasileiro (c. 1900-1950), Antonio Evaldo Almeida Barros 13; Batuko de Cabo Verde: percurso histórico-musical, Gláucia Nogueira 47; A capoeira como patrimônio cultural: na roda da memória quem inscreve identidades?, Gabriel da Silva Vidal Cid 71; Novas configurações e narrativas sobre o lugar das manifestações culturais numa localidade do recôncavo baiano, Agrimaria Nascimento Matos 93; Bembé do mercado de Santo Amaro: o patrimônio afro imprime as cores da festa, Ana Rita Araújo Machado 107; Legados artísticos e culturais afro-colombianos: em memória de Delia, Juan e Manuel Zapata Olivella, Sergio Andrés Sandoval 139; Os papéis de Juan Gualberto Gómez no arquivo nacional de Cuba: ensaio experimental sobre a memória histórica dos negros e mulatos, Pedro Alexander Cubas Hernández 167; El patrimonio que tenemos y el que ellos quieren ver. Destinos indígenas y políticas de turismo y patrimonio cultural inmaterial en Colombia, Margarita Chaves e Giselle Nova 197; Patrimonializaciones y emprendimientos culturales del afropacífico: el festival Petronio Álvarez de Cali como plataforma para la promoción de los etnicismos, Carlos Andrés Meza 219; Algumas considerações sobre museus digitais, Marcelo Nascimento Bernardo da Cunha 241; Museus on-line: longevidade e conservação digital da memória, Jamile Borges da Silva 263; Museu digital da memória afro-brasileira: um ato de resistência, Myrian Sepúlveda dos Santos 277; Global african hair: representação e recepção do cabelo crespo numa exposição fotográfica, Angela Figueiredo 293; Las memorias rebeldes: museo itinerante arte por la memoria, Karen Bernedo Morales 313; Patrimonio.Org e os dilemas da patrimonialização do intangível: da invisibilidade á hipervisibilidade de alguns aspectos da cultura afro-brasileira, Livio Sansone 327; Sobre os autores 347