Posições das mudas de alface nas bandejas de poliestireno e efeitos na normalidade e homogeneidade dos erros na produção de plantas Positions of lettuce seedling on polystyrene trays and effects on normality and homogeneity of the errors in the plant production

A qualidade de um experimento pode ser descrita por intermédio de estatísticas, sendo o erro experimental um dos parâmetros de avaliação dessa qualidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a interferência de diferentes posições de mudas de alface em bandeja de poliestireno sobre a normalidade e homogeneidade dos erros em experimentos realizados em estufa plástica e em campo. Foram conduzidos seis experimentos no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, sendo três no verão (2006-2007) e três no outono-inverno (2007) com a cultura da alface, cultivar Vera. Os tratamentos foram 12 diferentes posições das mudas na bandeja de produção. As variáveis analisadas na produção de mudas e após o transplante aos ambientes foram a fitomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz e fitomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea, respectivamente. Foram testadas as normalidade e homogeneidade dos erros sendo comparadas às médias de cada tratamento. Há atendimento da homogeneidade e normalidade dos erros para as fitomassas fresca da parte aérea e de raiz de alface nos experimentos com diferentes posições de mudas na bandeja de produção, nos diferentes ambientes e estações sazonais de cultivo. Para a fitomassa seca da parte aérea não há atendimento da homogeneidade e/ou normalidade dos erros nos experimentos no verão, com produção de mudas e de plantas na estufa plástica. Para a fitomassa seca de raiz não há atendimento da normalidade dos erros no experimento no outono-inverno com produção de mudas.The quality of an experiment can be described through statistics, being the experimental error one of the parameters of the evaluation of such quality. The objective of this study was to verify the interference of different positions of lettuce seedlings on polystyrene trays on the normality and homogeneity of the errors in experiments conducted in plastic greenhouse and field. Six experiments were carried out in the Federal University of Santa Maria, being three in the summer (2006-2007) and three in the autumn - winter (2007) with the lettuce crop, cultivar Vera. The treatments were defined by 12 different positions of the seedlings on the tray of production. The analyzed variables in the seedling production and after their transplant to the environments were the fresh and dry phytomass of leaves and roots and the fresh and dry phytomass of leaves, respectively. Presuppositions of errors normality and homogeneity were tested being compared to the averages of each treatment. The assumptions of homogeneity and normality of experimental errors were adequate for the leaves and root phytomass of lettuce in experiments with different positions in the tray seedling production, in different environments and cultivation seasons. For the dry phytomass of leaves trere was no adequacy of homogeneity and/or normality of experimental errors in the summer experiments, with seedlings and plants in plastic greenhouse. For the dry phytomass of root there was no adequacy of the assumption of normality of experimental error in the autumn-winter experiment with seedlings

Early origins of heart disease: low birth weight and the role of the insulin-like growth factor system in cardiac hypertrophy

Epidemiological studies indicate that poor growth before birth is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and an increased risk of death from heart disease later in life. In fetal life, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been implicated in physiological growth of the heart, whereas in postnatal life IGFs can be involved in both physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. A reduction in substrate supply in fetal life, resulting in chronic hypoxaemia and intrauterine growth restriction, results in increased cardiac IGF-1R, IGF-2 and IGF-2R gene expression; and there is also evidence for a role of the IGF-2 receptor in the ensuing cardiac hypertrophy. The persistent high level of cardiac IGF-2R gene expression from fetal to postnatal life may be due to epigenetic changes in key cardiac hypertrophy regulatory pathways.Kimberley CW Wang, Kimberley J Botting, Monalisa Padhee, Song Zhang, I Caroline McMillen, Catherine M Suter, Doug A Brooks and Janna L Morriso

The soybean rust pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi displays transposable element proliferation that correlates with broad host-range adaptation on legumes

ABSTRACTAsian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is one of the world’s most economically damaging agricultural diseases. Despite P. pachyrhizi’s impact, the exceptional size and complexity of its genome prevented generation of an accurate genome assembly. We simultaneously sequenced three P. pachyrhizi genomes uncovering a genome up to 1.25 Gb comprising two haplotypes with a transposable element (TE) content of ~93%. The proliferation of TEs within the genome occurred in several bursts and correlates with the radiation and speciation of the legumes. We present data of clear de-repression of TEs that mirrors expression of virulence-related candidate effectors. We can see a unique expansion in amino acid metabolism for this fungus. Our data shows that TEs play a dominant role in P. pachyrhizi’s genome and have a key impact on various processes such as host range adaptation, stress responses and genetic plasticity of the genome

Major proliferation of transposable elements shaped the genome of the soybean rust pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi is an important plant pathogen, but an accurate genome assembly for this fungus has been lacking. This study sequenced three independent P. pachyrhizi isolates and generated reference quality assemblies and genome annotations, representing a critical step for further in-depth studies of this pathogen and the development of new methods of control

Survey of neonatal respiratory care and surfactant administration in very preterm infants in the Italian neonatal network

Introduction: Variation of respiratory care is described between centers around the world.The Italian Neonatal Network (INN), as a national group of the Vermont-Oxford Network (VON) allows to perform a wide analysis of respiratory care in very low birth weight infants. Methods:We analyzed the dataset of infants enrolled in the INN in 2009 and 2010 and, for surfactant administration only, from 2006 to 2010 from 83 participating centers. All definitions are those of the (VON). A questionnaire analysis was also performed with a questionnaire on centers practices. Results: We report data for 8297 infants. Data on ventilator practices and outcomes are outlined. Variation for both practices and outcome is found. Trend in surfactant administration is also analyzed. Conclusions. The great variation across hospitals in all the surveyed techniques points to the possibility of implementing potentially better practices with the aim of reducing unwanted variation. These data also show the power of large neonatal networks in identifying areas for potential improvement. © Mattioli 1885

Survey of neonatal respiratory care and surfactant administration in very preterm infants in the Italian neonatal network

Introduction: Variation of respiratory care is described between centers around the world.The Italian Neonatal Network (INN), as a national group of the Vermont-Oxford Network (VON) allows to perform a wide analysis of respiratory care in very low birth weight infants. Methods:We analyzed the dataset of infants enrolled in the INN in 2009 and 2010 and, for surfactant administration only, from 2006 to 2010 from 83 participating centers. All definitions are those of the (VON). A questionnaire analysis was also performed with a questionnaire on centers practices. Results: We report data for 8297 infants. Data on ventilator practices and outcomes are outlined. Variation for both practices and outcome is found. Trend in surfactant administration is also analyzed. Conclusions. The great variation across hospitals in all the surveyed techniques points to the possibility of implementing potentially better practices with the aim of reducing unwanted variation. These data also show the power of large neonatal networks in identifying areas for potential improvement. \ua9 Mattioli 1885

Survey of neonatal respiratory care and surfactant administration in very preterm infants in the Italian Neonatal Network.

INTRODUCTION: Variation of respiratory care is described between centers around the world. The Italian Neonatal Network (INN), as a national group of the Vermont-Oxford Network (VON) allows to perform a wide analysis of respiratory care in very low birth weight infants. METHODS: We analyzed the dataset of infants enrolled in the INN in 2009 and 2010 and, for surfactant administration only, from 2006 to 2010 from 83 participating centers. All definitions are those of the (VON). A questionnaire analysis was also performed with a questionnaire on centers practices. RESULTS: We report data for 8297 infants. Data on ventilator practices and outcomes are outlined. Variation for both practices and outcome is found. Trend in surfactant administration is also analyzed. CONCLUSIONS. The great variation across hospitals in all the surveyed techniques points to the possibility of implementing potentially better practices with the aim of reducing unwanted variation. These data also show the power of large neonatal networks in identifying areas for potential improvement