Semantic and pragmatic motivations for constructional preferences: a corpus-based study of provide, supply, and present

A select group of transfer verbs can enter into four different constructions: the ditransitive construction (He provided John the money), the prepositional-dative construction (He provided the money to John), a construction with a prepositional theme (He provided John with the money), and a construction with a recipient realized by a for-phrase (He provided the money for John). In this article, we take a close look at three such verbs: provide, supply, and present. Corpus analysis shows that these three verbs display different structural preferences with respect to the for-, to-, and with-patterns. To explain these preferences, the study investigates pragmatic principles (following Mukherjee 2001 on provide) and the role played by semantic factors. An examination of the semantics of the verbs and the lexically motivated constructional semantics of the to, for, and with-patterns shows (i) that the three constructions are not interchangeable, and (ii) that the preferential differences between the three verbs find an explanation in the compatibility between lexical and constructional semantics. The description is mainly based on data from the British National Corpus

A 2D model for hydrodynamics and biology coupling applied to algae growth simulations

Cultivating oleaginous microalgae in specific culturing devices such as raceways is seen as a future way to produce biofuel. The complexity of this process coupling non linear biological activity to hydrodynamics makes the optimization problem very delicate. The large amount of parameters to be taken into account paves the way for a useful mathematical modeling. Due to the heterogeneity of raceways along the depth dimension regarding temperature, light intensity or nutrients availability, we adopt a multilayer approach for hydrodynamics and biology. For free surface hydrodynamics, we use a multilayer Saint-Venant model that allows mass exchanges, forced by a simplified representation of the paddlewheel. Then, starting from an improved Droop model that includes light effect on algae growth, we derive a similar multilayer system for the biological part. A kinetic interpretation of the whole system results in an efficient numerical scheme. We show through numerical simulations in two dimensions that our approach is capable of discriminating between situations of mixed water or calm and heterogeneous pond. Moreover, we exhibit that a posteriori treatment of our velocity fields can provide lagrangian trajectories which are of great interest to assess the actual light pattern perceived by the algal cells and therefore understand its impact on the photosynthesis process.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figure

Quelle place pour les arcs électriques et les réacteurs plasmas dans l'" Inventaire et valorisation des collections, archives scientifiques et biens culturels " de l'université de Limoges ?

21 pages; 140 référencesInternational audienceThe University of Limoges in the rehabilitation of the premises was confronted with scientific disposal of property irreplaceable heritage in the context of "postmodern" or "post industrial" of our industrial society. Therefore a "scientific and cultural heritage Mission" was created in 2010 to save as much as possible the memory of the past half-century. For reasons we discuss plasmas and electric arcs have been an important place at that time in Western industry and especially by chance in Limoges

The Chromosomes of Lepturinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) II. A study of 8 more species, with focus on Desmocerus palliatus

International audienc

Genetic complexity of the human hsp 60 gene

Hsp 60 is a chaperonin protein, homologous to GroEL of Escherichia coli and highly conserved across species. Immune response induced by the hsp 60 equivalent of numerous microorganisms elicits in animals and man a dominantcross-reactive T lymphocyte response. Hsp 60 has been strongly implicated as an example of molecular mimicry in the pathogenicity of autoimmune diseases and, more recently, in T cell-mediated protection. Curiously, in spite of this interest, the gene encoding HSP 60 has not yet been cloned. Sequencing of numerous PCR-derived HSP 60 clones, obtained following amplification of genomic DNA revealed multiple distinct but highly related sequences. These were all different from the sequence encoding the expressed protein and all had interrupted reading frames. PCR amplification from mRNA, however, yielded only the sequence expected for the expressed hsp 60 protein. This apparent paradox was resolved by cloning and sequencing HSP 60-specific genomic clones: the majority of these clones corresponded to intronless genes having the characteristics of retro-pseudogenes and were flanked by unrelated DNA sequences. In addition, several genomic clones were isolated that corresponded to a unique functional HSP 60 gene. This gene is composed of multiple exons, some very short. The transcription start site was identified and 750 bp of 5' flanking sequence were determined. The human HSP 60 gene is induced by heat. We conclude that hsp 60 is encoded by a single highly fragmented gene, that co-exists with multiple HSP 60 retro-pseudogenes, normally not expresse

Do bank credit rejection and financial education affect financial self-confidence?

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the determinants of owner manager financial self-confidence. In particular, it estimates the effect of bank credit rejection and financial education (FE) on the financial self-confidence of business owners. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses data from 2004 and 2008 surveys of 2,500 UK small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). An ordered probit estimation is used to measure and assess the effect of bank credit rejection and FE variables on financial self-confidence for the two periods. The authors also explore potential differences in self-confidence between males and females. Findings: The results show that outright bank credit rejection reduces financial self-confidence among owner managers whereas partial bank credit rejection is found to help boost confidence prior to the financial crisis. There is strong evidence that FE increases financial self-confidence. Finally, the authors find no association between gender and reported self-confidence in finance. Research limitations/implications: Entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs are encouraged to explore financial literacy and knowledge with a view to increasing their financial self-confidence. This will help SMEs to deal with the banks or other finance providers more efficiently. In addition, better application procedures and information on lending criteria may help SMEs to minimize the probability of bank credit rejection. So the current study has implications for professional bodies as well. The study, however, is restricted to sole proprietor and partnership SMEs and in the UK context only. Practical implications: Financial self-confidence has a progressive effect on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial venture growth. The financial self-confidence of owner managers can support their entrepreneurial capability in starting and operating one or more businesses. As entrepreneurs successfully start and operate their own businesses, they are contributing to economic development through job creation, employment and tax contribution. Originality/value: This paper makes an original contribution in highlighting the usefulness of FE in boosting financial self-confidence among entrepreneurs and potential entrepreneurs. It is also found that the experience of bank credit rejection reduces entrepreneurs’ financial self-confidence

Mission d\u27étude sur les conditions de recrutement des conservateurs territoriaux du patrimoine

Confiée à l\u27IGAC, la mission d\u27étude sur les « difficultés de recrutement des conservateurs territoriaux du patrimoine » s\u27inscrit dans un contexte particulier, celui de la promotion Rose Valland (promotion 2012-2013) qui, à la différence des précédentes, a vu près de la moitié de sa vingtaine d\u27élèves territoriaux sans perspectives d\u27embauche en mai 2013. Par ailleurs, des suppressions de postes de conservateurs et certains recrutements effectués ces dernières années par des collectivités territoriales en dehors du cadre d\u27emploi avaient suscité des interrogations dans la profession, jusqu\u27à un contentieux, qui participent d\u27un climat invitant à l\u27analyse de ce contexte

Projet Lab2Green. Une étude expérimentale de l'impact sur les choix des consommateurs des différents systèmes d'évaluation environnemental apposés en face avant des aliments. Rapport scientifique

L'objectif de la présente recherche est de procéder à une mesure comportementale effective empirique, précise, contrôlée, reproductible et conséquentielle (qui a des conséquences directes et objectives sur le bien-être de celui qui prend la décision), de l'impact sur la consommation individuelle que l'on peut attendre de tel ou tel type d'information environnementale sur les produits et de tel ou tel format d'étiquetage. Dans une première section, les auteurs font le bilan des autres travaux visant à évaluer l'impact de l'étiquetage sur les comportements des consommateurs. Dans une seconde section, ils présentent la méthodologie expérimentale. Puis, ils font état des résultats obtenus dans la section trois, avant de les discuter et de conclure dans la section quatre

Projet Lab2Green. Une étude expérimentale de l'impact sur les choix des consommateurs des différents systèmes d'évaluation environnemental apposés en face avant des aliments. Rapport scientifique

L'objectif de la présente recherche est de procéder à une mesure comportementale effective empirique, précise, contrôlée, reproductible et conséquentielle (qui a des conséquences directes et objectives sur le bien-être de celui qui prend la décision), de l'impact sur la consommation individuelle que l'on peut attendre de tel ou tel type d'information environnementale sur les produits et de tel ou tel format d'étiquetage. Dans une première section, les auteurs font le bilan des autres travaux visant à évaluer l'impact de l'étiquetage sur les comportements des consommateurs. Dans une seconde section, ils présentent la méthodologie expérimentale. Puis, ils font état des résultats obtenus dans la section trois, avant de les discuter et de conclure dans la section quatre