De las dificultades en la enseñanza de la probabilidad en estudiantes de educación media en Florencia Caquetá

El mundo que nos rodea presenta una cantidad de hechos caracterizados por la presencia de la incertidumbre y la creciente disponibilidad de datos e información; el estudio de la estadística y probabilidad favorece el desarrollo personal, al posibilitar la mejora del razonamiento estadístico para una adecuada toma de decisiones a partir de una valoración de las evidencias objetivas; asimismo, sirve de instrumento para el aprendizaje de otras áreas curriculares. Diversas investigaciones destacan la importancia de su aprendizaje. Así, se ha señalado que la estadística permite a las personas desarrollar la capacidad para apreciar datos con mayores niveles de precisión, elaborar estimaciones razonables, usar la información extraída de los datos para apoyar un argumento (Holmes, 1986); reconocer los alcances y limitaciones de la Matemática, así como reconocer que la solución de los problemas no es siempre única o inmediata, sino que existe una fuerte presencia de fenómenos aleatorios (Batanero y Moreno, 2007). Finalmente, Vecino (2003) coincide con los anteriores en señalar que la temprana introducción de la estadística en la escolaridad desarrolla la confianza y capacidad de los estudiantes para llevar a cabo una investigación

Haciendo estadística con Excel

Haciendo estadística con Excel pretende aportar significativamente a la educación estocástica a través de un módulo dirigido a la enseñanza de la utilización del software Microsoft Excel en todos los campos posibles de la estadística. El libro consta de tres apartados, los cuales explican paso a paso generalidades de la estadística (historia, uso, conceptos básicos), el entorno de Excel (barras de menú, fórmulas, herramientas básicas), y la relación de la estadística aplicada mediante Excel

Haciendo estadística con Excel

Haciendo estadística con Excel pretende aportar significativamente a la educación estocástica a través de un módulo dirigido a la enseñanza de la utilización del software Microsoft Excel en todos los campos posibles de la estadística. El libro consta de tres apartados, los cuales explican paso a paso generalidades de la estadística (historia, uso, conceptos básicos), el entorno de Excel (barras de menú, fórmulas, herramientas básicas), y la relación de la estadística aplicada mediante Excel

Simulación para la evaluación de riesgo financiero en proyectos de inversión para mipymes en Colombia

The objective of this study was to develop a Simulation Model to measure the financial risk levels of MSMEs in Colombia. For this, a systematic and detailed process was followed by means of which it was possible to structure an adjusted model for MSMEs, allowing the simulation of risk scenarios from the moment of investment to the liquidation of the venture. The philosophy of Unified Rational Process, Guiding Methodology of the Unified Modeling Language, was adopted. It was based on a theoretical review of risk analysis and financial evaluation methodologies for projects, the variables to be considered in the model were determined; Variable type validations were performed with the Microsoft Excel data analysis add-in and the review was completed with Risk Simulator software. Following this, the existing methods and tools on the market were analyzed, with the intention of corroborating selected variables and methods. The model was developed which was tested by means of an applied case. It was found that Microsoft Excel® is one of the most used tools in the field of project management; In addition, it can be incorporated in the form of a Risk Simulator and Crystal Ball complement that offer a range of analyzes within which risk is found. The Beta application with which the proposed structure was validated partially makes up for the lack of technical and academic knowledge, since the data entry presents pre-established fields. In the academic environment, the use of robust simulators that allow investment risk assessment both in project formulation and evaluation courses as well as in the information search and analysis processes carried out by business consultancies and / or entrepreneurship units create a articulation of teaching-learning processes to the problems faced by MSMEs in a real environment.Este estudio se propuso como objetivo desarrollar un Modelo de Simulación que permita medir los niveles de riesgo financiero de las MiPyMEs en Colombia. Para esto, se siguió un proceso sistemático y detallado mediante el cual se logró estructurar un modelo ajustado para las MiPyMEs, permitiendo simular escenarios de riesgo desde el momento de la inversión hasta la liquidación del emprendimiento. Se adoptó la filosofía de Proceso Unificado Racional, Metodología guía del Lenguaje Unificado de Modelación. Se partió de una revisión teórica de metodologías de análisis de riesgo y de evaluación financiera para proyectos, se determinaron las variables a considerar en el modelo; las validaciones de los tipos de variables se realizaron con el complemento de análisis de datos de Microsoft Excel y se completó la revisión con el software Risk Simulator. Seguido de esto, se analizaron los métodos y herramientas existentes en el mercado, con la intención de corroborar variables y métodos seleccionados. Se procedió al desarrollo del modelo el cual fue sometido a pruebas mediante un caso aplicado. Se encontró que Microsoft Excel® hace parte de las herramientas más utilizadas en el ámbito de la gestión de proyectos; además, se puede incorporar en forma de complemento Risk Simulator y Crystal Ball que ofrecen una gama de análisis dentro de los cuales se encuentra el riesgo. El aplicativo Beta con el cual se validó la estructura propuesta suple en parte la carencia de conocimiento técnico y académico, ya que la entrada de datos presenta campos preestablecidos. En el entorno académico, la utilización de simuladores robustos que permitan evaluación de riesgo de inversión tanto en los cursos de formulación y evaluación de proyectos como en los procesos de búsqueda y análisis de información que realizan los consultorios empresariales y/o unidades de emprendimiento crean una articulación de procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje a los problemas que enfrentan las MiPyMEs en un ambiente real

Behavior and performance of BIM users in a collaborative work environment

Collaborative work in Building Information Modeling (BIM) projects is frequentlyunderstood as the interaction of modelers in an asynchronous way through modification requests orvia e-mail/telephone. However, alternative work methodologies based on creating a common andsynchronous environment allow solving issues instantaneously during the design process. This studyaimed to analyze the behavior and performance of BIM users with different specialties who weresubjected to an experimental exercise in a collaborative environment. For this purpose, a processwas devised to collect, sort, and select the data from the log files generated by the BIM software.A timeline of the experiment was populated with data on the intensity and types of commands usedby each specialist, which allowed determining behavioral patterns, preferred commands, indicators oftheir experience, further training needs, and possible strategies for improving the team’s performance.In the experiment, the mechanical designer ’s performance was 49% and the rest approximately 64%,with respect to that of the architect. An average rate of 1.66 necessary or auxiliary commands foreach contributory command was detected. The average performance was 200–400 commands perhour, which intensified by the end of the experiment. Further training needs were detected for theplumbing designer to reduce the use of backwards commands. Conversely, the electrical designershowed a positive evolution regarding this aspect during the experiment. The analysis methods heredescribed become useful for the aforementioned purposes. Nevertheless, combinations with methodsfrom existing research might improve the outcomes and therefore the specificity of recommendation

Serologic control against hepatitis B virus among dental students of the University of Granada, Spain

Background: To evaluate the immunological situation against hepatitis B virus (HBV) of a cohort of dentistry students, to analyze the behavior of the levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) after the administration of one or three vaccine doses, and to determine the influence of age and sex on the immune response. Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included students attending the School of Dentistry of the institution where the study was performed from 2005 to 2012 who had completed the public health vaccination calendar for HBV at the age of 12-13. Data on age, sex, basal anti-HBs levels, post-vaccination anti-HBs results and final anti-HBs levels were collected. Comparisons of the basal and final levels, as well as associations regarding age and sex, were performed by means of the Student t and Chi-square tests. Results: Of the 359 students, 97 (27.02%) had basal antibody concentrations <10 mIU/ml, whereas in 262 the levels of anti-HBs were ≥10 mIU/ml (72.98%). Of the 288 participating students who completed the School ́s protocol for immunization, 287 (99.65%) attained a level of protection ≥10 mIU/ml. Globally, there were statistically significant differences between the basal antibody levels and those achieved after administration of the vaccine and booster, but no association with age or sex was observed. Conclusions: About 70% of dental students vaccinated as preadolescents had serologic evidence of protection against HBV. Administering a booster is associated with the presence of an excellent immune memory. There is clearly a need to reinforce control of the antibody levels in groups at risk, such as Dentistry student

Determinación de las propiedades eléctricas en tejido sanguíneo

Con tiras reactivas de glucómetro Bayer® como contenedor para muestras de sangre humana, se obtuvieron los espectros correspondientes de impedancia eléctrica. Los resultados se ajustaron al modelo de elemento distribuido de Cole-Cole para determinar los parámetros eléctricos del circuito equivalente. Los valores de los parámetros eléctricos reportados indican que son característicos en la sangre entera, plasma, eritrocitos y leucocitos para las muestras de una población de personas saludables, aptas para donación. By using reactive strips of the Bayer´s portable glucometer, as a container, the electric impedance spectrum of human blood was obtained. The results were adjusted by using the distributed element of the Cole-Cole model, and the corresponding parameters were obtained. Several samples were studied and the results for the electric parameters of the equivalent circuit are reported -average value and standard deviation-. The samples were obtained during a random sampling from healthy donors. These donors were adults and free of infectious diseases

Virtual reality to improve low-back pain and pelvic pain during pregnancy: a pilot RCT for a multicenter randomized controlled trial

A significant proportion of women experience low back and pelvic pain during and after pregnancy, which can negatively impact their daily lives. Various factors are attributed to these complaints, and many affected women do not receive adequate healthcare. However, there is evidence to support the use of different physiotherapeutic interventions to alleviate these conditions. Virtual reality is a promising complementary treatment to physiotherapy, particularly in improving pain perception and avoidance. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a four-week program combining VR and physiotherapy compared to standard physiotherapy in pregnant women with low back and pelvic pain, in terms of improving pain avoidance, intensity, disability, and functional level. The study also aims to investigate patient satisfaction with the VR intervention. This research will be conducted through a multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial involving pregnant patients residing in the provinces of Seville and Malaga with a diagnosis of low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy. The alternative hypothesis is that the implementation of a Virtual Reality program in combination with standard physiotherapy will result in better clinical outcomes compared to the current standard intervention, which could lead to the development of new policies and interventions for these pathologies and their consequence

GDNF gene is associated with tourette syndrome in a family study

Huertas-Fernández, Ismael et al.[Background] Tourette syndrome is a disorder characterized by persistent motor and vocal tics, and frequently accompanied by the comorbidities attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Impaired synaptic neurotransmission has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate the association of 28 candidate genes, including genes related to synaptic neurotransmission and neurotrophic factors, with Tourette syndrome.[Methods] We genotyped 506 polymorphisms in a discovery cohort from the United States composed of 112 families and 47 unrelated singletons with Tourette syndrome (201 cases and 253 controls). Genes containing significant polymorphisms were imputed to fine-map the signal(s) to potential causal variants. Allelic analyses in Tourette syndrome cases were performed to check the role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidities. Target polymorphisms were further studied in a replication cohort from southern Spain composed of 37 families and three unrelated singletons (44 cases and 73 controls).[Results] The polymorphism rs3096140 in glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor gene (GDNF) was significant in the discovery cohort after correction (P = 1.5 × 10−4). No linkage disequilibrium was found between rs3096140 and other functional variants in the gene. We selected rs3096140 as target polymorphism, and the association was confirmed in the replication cohort (P = 0.01). No association with any comorbidity was found.[Conclusions] As a conclusion, a common genetic variant in GDNF is associated with Tourette syndrome. A defect in the production of GDNF could compromise the survival of parvalbumin interneurons, thus altering the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the corticostriatal circuitry. Validation of this variant in other family cohorts is necessary. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder SocietyThis study was supported by New Jersey Center for Tourette Syndrome and Associated Disorders (NJCTS), the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH092293), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI10/01674, PI13/01461, PI14/01823), the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía (CVI-02526, CTS-7685), the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía (PI-0741/2010, PI-0437-2012, PI-0471-2013), the Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, the Fundación Mutua Madrileña and the Jaques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation. Ismael Huertas Fernández was supported by the “PFIS” program, Pilar Gómez Garre was supported by the “Miguel Servet” program, and Juan Francisco Martín Rodríguez was supported by the “Sara Borrell” program, all 3 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.Peer Reviewe

Business association and ambidiestro leadership as generators of innovation

Los retos que el mundo plantea hoy a los empresarios y directivos, hacen que sea necesario buscar nuevas formas de liderar y de innovar, una de estas formas es por medio de la asociatividad empresarial. En este sentido, el objetivo del artículo consiste en proporcionar un modelo conceptual en función del liderazgo, la innovación y la asociatividad empresarial, donde se muestra la relación existente entre los tres términos anteriores; planteando la posibilidad para las empresas, de conseguir nuevas oportunidades, al mismo tiempo que trabajan para obtener en sus actividades cotidianas buen rendimiento. Se hace un análisis a partir de una revisión de literatura de artículos de alto impacto entre los años 1990 y 2018. Entre los resultados destaca que son pocos los artículos observados de liderazgo ambidiestro, por lo cual es una oportunidad de mostrar los hallazgos encontrados, donde se plantea como conclusión que las empresas que poseen actividades de asociación y además poseen un liderazgo ambidiestro, llevan a las organizaciones a lograr mejores resultados de innovación ambidiestra. Palabras clave: Asociatividad empresarial; liderazgo ambidiestro; innovación; explotación; exploración.The challenges that the world poses today to employers and managers, make it necessary to look for new ways to lead and innovate, one of these forms is through business associativity. In this sense, the objective of the article is to provide a conceptual model based on leadership, innovation and business associativity, which shows the relationship between the three previous terms; Posing the possibility for companies, to get new opportunities, at the same time that they work to obtain good performance in their daily activities. An analysis is made based on a literature review of high-impact articles between 1990 and 2018. Among the results, there are few observed articles of ambidextrous leadership, which is an opportunity to show the findings found, where the conclusion is that companies that have association activities and also have an ambidextrous leadership, lead organizations to achieve better ambidextrous innovation results. Keywords: Business associativity; ambidextrous leadership; innovation; exploitation; exploration