La mujer en el mundo laboral: el caso de las mujeres trabajadoras industriales en Íscar

En el presente trabajo se analizará la evolución de la mujer a lo largo de la historia en el mercado laboral y se estudiará el actual mercado del trabajo en la España democrática, donde se observan diferencias por género y desigualdades a pesar de las leyes vigentes que fomentan la igualdad entre ambos sexos. Un ejemplo real que muestra esta situación es la mujer trabajadora en la industria de un pueblo rural denominado Íscar, conocido por su gran extensión de empresas que se dedican a trabajar la madera; es un trabajo considerado mascuino y con la información recabada se aprecia en la actualidad que la participación de la mujer en dicho sector es muy reducida y con diferencias respecto a los hombres.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humano

The Effect of Increased Ozone Levels on the Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Signature of Wheat Cultivars and Landraces

Several studies have highlighted the negative effects of ozone (O3) on wheat development and productivity. The negative effects of O3 are mediated by changes in photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which are difficult and time-consuming to assess and are thus only measured sporadically throughout the plant cycle. Stable isotope measurements in grains can help integrate the effects of chronic O3 exposure over the lifespan of the plant. This particular study focuses on the extent to which the stomatal conductance and productivity of Mediterranean wheat are related to carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures under chronic O3 exposure. An open top chamber experiment was designed to analyse the effects of the pollutant on 12 Spanish wheat genotypes, which included modern cultivars, old cultivars and landraces. Four O3 treatments were considered. Stomatal conductance (gs) measurements were carried out during anthesis, and yield and nitrogen content parameters were taken at maturity, along with the carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition measured in grains. Modern and old cultivars responded similarly to O3 and were sensitive to the pollutant regarding yield parameters and gs, while landraces were more O3-tolerant. Grain δ13C had a strong negative correlation with grain yield and stomatal conductance across genotypes and O3 conditions, and increased under higher O3 concentrations, showing its capacity to integrate O3 stress throughout the wheat cycle. Meanwhile, a higher nitrogen concentration in grains, coupled with smaller grains, led to an overall decreased grain nitrogen yield under higher O3 concentrations. This nitrogen concentration effect within the grain differed among genotypes bred at different ages, following their respective O3-sensitivity. δ15N showed a possible indirect effect of O3 on nitrogen redistribution, particularly under the highest O3 concentration. The correlations of δ15N and δ13C to the usual effects of ozone on the plant suggest their potential as indicators of chronic ozone exposure.Funding was provided by Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) projects AGRISOST-CM (S2018/BAA4330) and Grupo Operativo OZOCAM (PDR Comunidad de Madrid 2014-2020m MAPAMA/FEADER) and the EU project ERANET/SUSCROP SUSCAP (PCI2019–103521/AEI). M.C-E. and J.L.A. acknowledge the support from PID2019-106650RB-C21, from MICIN, Spain. J.L.A. thanks the support from the ICREA Academia program, Generalitat de Catalunya, (Spain). Finally, the isotopic analyses were supported, in part, by the l’Institut de Recerca de l’Aigua (IdRA) of the University of Barcelona

Planteamiento de la docencia en asignaturas de ciencia e ingeniería

Teniendo en cuenta que Ciencia es la doctrina metódica formada y ordenada que constituye una rama particular del saber humano, e Ingeniería es el conjunto de conocimientos y técnicas que permiten aplicar el saber científico a la utilización de la materia y las fuentes de energía, la docencia de las asignaturas que vinculan ambos aspectos, Ciencia e Ingeniería, debe tener un carácter ampliamente multidisciplinar. Los autores de este trabajo presentan una metodología de docencia que implica distintas actividades incitando al alumno a una participación muy activa, ayudarle a que aflore su espíritu científico y disfrute con el estudio, concepto que a un profesor nos puede resultar familiar, pero que al alumno es muy difícil hacérselo comprender

Degradation in seawater of structural adhesives for hybrid fibre-metal laminated materials

The adhesives used for applications in marine environments are subject to particular chemical conditions, which are mainly characterised by an elevated chlorine ion content and intermittent wetting/drying cycles, among others.These conditions can limit the use of adhesives due to the degradation processes that they experience. In this work, the chemical degradation of two different polymers, polyurethane and vinylester, was studied in natural seawater under immersion for different periods of time.The diffusion coefficients and concentration profiles of water throughout the thickness of the adhesiveswere obtained.Microstructural changes in the polymer due to the action of water were observed by SEM, and the chemical degradation of the polymer was monitored with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degradation of the mechanical properties of the adhesive was determined by creep tests withMixed Cantilever Beam (MCB) specimens at different temperatures. After 180 days of immersion of the specimens, it was concluded that the J-integral value (depending on the strain) implies a loss of stiffness of 51% and a decrease in the failure load of 59% for the adhesive tested

Color-based sensory tests for the evaluation of foods and beverages containing phycoerythrin extract as natural dye

Actualmente existe interés en sectores industriales como los de la alimentación, farmacia y cosmética, por reemplazar los colorantes artificiales por compuestos naturales. Sin embargo, siguen predominando los de carácter sintético debido al escaso número de colorantes naturales y su pequeña gama de colores, además de su mayor coste. La ficoeritrina es una cromoproteína procedente de algas, que posee un elevado potencial como colorante por su intenso color rosado y por sus propiedades inmuno-moduladoras y anticancerígenas. En este trabajo se han preparado alimentos y bebidas utilizando un extracto rico en ficoeritrina como colorante natural. Se han formulado productos lácteos como batidos, yogures, leches condensadas y helados, y bebidas como tónicas, isotónicas vinos y ginebras. Mediante test sensoriales basados en el color, se han obtenido resultados que indican una buena aceptación por parte de los consumidores, lo cual podría ser tenido en cuenta para la formulación de alimentos y bebidas que utilicen este nuevo tipo de aditivos

Antioxidant and antimicrobial assessment of licorice supercritical extracts

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a plant used widely in herbal medicines due to their several biological potentials. The supercritical extraction of licorice roots was investigated to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Extraction conditions were pressures from 15 to 40 MPa, 313.15 and 333.15 K, and ethanol cosolvent in the range of 0 to 20% mass. In the case of high-pressure extractions using pure carbon dioxide (CO2) fractionation of the supercritical extract was accomplished in a two-cell decompression system. Fractionation was carried out with the aim to examine the potential separation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial licorice compounds and thus increase the bioactive properties of the fractions obtained in each separation cell. Main licorice bioactive compounds, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin and glabridin, were identified by HPLC and quantified using standards. Extracts obtained with supercritical CO2 and ethanol cosolvent contain the higher amounts of phenolic compounds and also the higher antioxidant activity but exhibit low or even no antimicrobial activity. Using pure CO2 at high pressure coupled with the on-line fractionation of the extract, two samples were obtained which showed, respectively, lower phenolic compounds content and good antimicrobial capacity (first fraction) and higher phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity (second fraction). Thus, the advantages of supercritical on-line fractionation are demonstrated in the extraction of Licorice rootsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (Projects AGL2016-76736-C3-1-R and AGL2015-64522-C2-R

Opening the terahertz window on the OSIRIS spectrometer

4 pags., 6 figs. -- QENS/WINS 2014 - 11th International Conference on Quasielastic Neutron Scattering and 6th International Workshop on Inelastic Neutron SpectrometersA cooled and mechanically retractable beryllium filter has been installed and commissioned on the low-energy OSIRIS spectrometer at ISIS. This instrument development extends the energy-transfer range of the spectrometer up to ca. 20 meV (∼ 5 THz), leading to an excellent resolution at THz frequencies and substantial gains in detected flux relative to existing capabilities on the neighbouring IRIS spectrometer. Herein, we provide a concise account of this new capability for high-resolution neutron spectroscopy in the THz domain, as well as outline a number of ongoing and potential scientific opportunities in condensed-matter physics, chemistry, and materials science.The authors gratefully acknowledge the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council for financial support and access to beam time at ISIS

Ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes del programa de formación de adultos de una universidad de Lima en el contexto del COVID-19

Se investigó la relación entre ansiedad y estrés en los estudiantes del Programa de formación de adultos de una universidad privada en el contexto de la COVID-19 en la ciudad de Lima. Fue un estudio cuantitativo no experimental, correlacional de corte transversal, aplicándose cuestionarios como la escala de la ansiedad de Spielberger (1972) y el inventario de Cabanach et al. (2010) en una muestra de 270 estudiantes de tres carreras profesionales. El 61% se mostró con ansiedad leve y el 70% con estrés regular durante el tiempo de observación en el contexto de la COVID-19. Asimismo, se evidenció que en la medida que la ‘ansiedad’ se incrementa, el ‘estrés’ también lo hace con la misma sinergia en estos estudiantes, demostrándose que pasa lo mismo entre las dimensiones ‘ansiedad estado’ y ‘ansiedad rasgo’ y la variable estrés. No obstante, se recomienda evaluar detalladamente el estrés y la ansiedad como un problema de salud mental que se ha acentuado por la pandemia provocado por el SarsCoV-2 en este mismo tipo de personas