Índices basados en macroalgas para la estimación del estado ecológico en Andalucía en el contexto de la Directiva Marco del Agua

Conferencia invitadaDe acuerdo con la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA), el estado ecológico de las masas de agua costeras europeas se evalúa mediante diferentes elementos de calidad biológicos. Uno de los cuatro elementos de calidad propuestos se basa en la composición y abundancia de las comunidades de macroalgas marinas. En esta charla se explicará cómo un índice desarrollado en las costas catalanas basado en el estudio de comunidades litorales y sublitorales someras a una escala de paisaje (CARLIT - CARtograffía LIToral), ha sido exitosamente adaptado a las costas mediterráneas andaluzas, a pesar de las peculiaridades biogeográficas del Mar de Alborán. Un índice basado en el estudio de las comunidades litorales y sublitorales someras a nivel de paisaje (CARLIT - CARtografía LIToral) fue desarrollado para evaluar el estado ecológico del Mediterráneo noroccidental. Sin embargo, debido a las particularidades biogeográficas del Mar de Alborán, fue necesaria una adaptación de este índice para la evaluación del estado ecológico, y ese fue el objetivo de este trabajo. Para reducir la influencia de la especial biogeografía del Mar de Alboran en el valor final del índice, este área fue dividida en dos subregiones ecológicamente homogéneas con diferentes condiciones de referencia. Posteriormente, a partir de técnicas de análisis multivariante, se evaluó la sensibilidad del valor final del índice y las comunidades a diferentes factores biogeográficos, gemorfológicos y antrópicos. En términos generales se observó que la biogeografía fue el factor más importante a la hora de explicar la distribución de las comunidades litorales. Por el contrario, el valor del índice sólo fue sensible a las presiones de origen humano. Estos resultados pusieron de manifiesto que es posible evaluar el estado ecológico de las costas andaluzas del Mar de Alborán adaptando el índice CARLIT.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Utilización de comunidades de macroalgas en intermareales rocosos para la evaluación del estado ecológico en las costas de Andalucía. Implicaciones biogeográficas

According to the Water Framework Directive (WFD), the ecological status of European coastal waters must be assessed using different biological quality elements (BQE). One of the four proposed BQE is based on the composition and abundance of the marine macroalgae. Because of the biogegraphical differences along the European coasts, six ecoregions have been considered for biological indices development (Atlantic, Baltic, North Sea, Barents Sea, Norway Sea and Mediterranean Sea). The geographical position of Andalusia (Southern Spain), as a transition zone between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea implies some technical and theoretical difficulties. Coastal waters of Andalusia belong to two different ecoregions, and their evaluation can be carried out with up to seven different macroalgal based indices. Moreover, the existence of a natural gradient along this coast interferes in the final value of the indices. The main objectives of this thesis were: i) the adaptation and comparison of indices based on macroalgae for the assessment of the ecological status in coastal waters of Andalusia; and ii) the provision of useful information for management about the ecology and the biogeography of littoral communities in southern Iberian Peninsula. The first objective is addressed in three chapters. In chapters 1 and 2, the Reduced Species List (RSL) and CARtography of LITtoral communities (CARLIT) indices were adapted to the particularities of Andalusian coasts. Afterwards, both indices were compared in the Strait of Gibraltar and the western Alboran Sea (chapter 3). The results showed that these indices were suitable to assess the ecological status in Andalusian coastal waters, and they yielded similar results. Overall, the ecological status of Andalusian water bodies (WBs) was good or high, excepting some highly modified WBs. The second block is focused on the ecology and biogeography of macroalgal communities in southern Iberian Peninsula. In chapter 4 the biogeographical patterns of the Alboran Sea were studied based on the landscape and the species composition of littoral and upper-sublitoral communities, and compared to regional oceanographic patterns. The results pointed out the influence of regional oceanographic patterns in the littoral communities, and the existence of three different subregions: western, central and eastern Alboran. In chapter 5, considering the ecological importance of Cystoseira mediterranea, C. amentacea and C. tamariscifolia, a genetic approach based on microsatellites was developed to assess the taxonomic identity and the genetic structure of these populations along the southern Iberian Peninsula. The preliminary results suggest that only a genetic entity, probably C. tamariscifolia, is present in the Alboran Sea. Furthermore, these populations showed a moderate differentiation among them, being the most genetically diverse populations those in western and central Alboran. The knowledge of these ecological and biogeographic patterns will be essential for a proper management (e.g. design a network of marine protected areas) and to interpret the results yielded by indices based on macroalgae.Para la realización de esta tesis doctoral, Ricardo Bermejo Lacida ha disfrutado de una beca de posgrado del Programa Nacional de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AP2008-01209. Su actividad investigadora se ha realizado como miembro del grupo de investigación “Estructura y Dinámica de Ecosistemas Acuáticos” (PAIDI RNM-214) en el marco del Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar. Además, los resultados de esta memoria de Tesis han sido financiados por los siguientes proyectos: • Contrato OT2010/102 “Desarrollo y aplicación de indicadores biológicos basados en macroalgas y angiospermas marinas en aguas de transición y costeras de Andalucía en cumplimiento de la Directiva Marco de Agua” con la Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía. • Proyecto SeaLive - “Retroalimentaciones y trade-offs en praderas de fanerógamas marinas: el coste de vivir en ecosistemas acuáticos” del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CTM2011-24482). • Proyecto Ecolagunes - “Gestión medioambiental de medios acuáticos con vocación acuícola” del programa de cooperación territorial Interreg IVB - SUDOE (SOE1/P2/F153). Los análisis moleculares realizados en la presente tesis se han llevado a cabo durante estancias cortas de investigación. Estas han sido financiadas por el programa de estancias breves FPU en el "Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute" (University of Galway, Irlanda - 3 meses y medio) bajo la supervisión del profesor Mark Johnson; y en el "EA 4228 ECOMERS" (Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Francia - 3 meses) bajo la supervisión del profesor Patrice Francour. Además de otra estancia corta en el "Centro do Ciências do Mar" (Universidade do Algarve, Portugal - 4 meses), bajo la supervisión de la Dra. Ester A. Serrão, financiada por un proyecto ASSEMBLE (On-site access, 6th call) y una beca de la Universidad de Cádiz para la realización estancias cortas (EST2013-007)

What seaweeds can tell us about coastal pollution? From landscapes to elemental composition

Marine ecosystems are increasingly subjected to a variety of anthropogenic pressures, which can alter environmental conditions (e.g., acidification, climate change, eutrophication, biological invasions, emergent contaminants, metal and organic contamination) giving rise to different levels of contaminative and pollution status. In order to monitor the contaminative status of coastal ecosystems many international initiatives are being developed, especially focused on the assessment of nutrients, turbidity and metal contamination. The analysis of water and sediment samples might give accurate information about the presence of contaminants, but not about it bioavailability and biological effects. Bioindicators and biomonitors provide a direct measurement of pollution and may indicate long-term effects yielding a more time-integrated response than physico-chemical indicators alone. To obtain a more comprehensive and complete assessment of the ecological status of European water bodies in order to develop more efficient management strategies, the European Commission (EC) implemented the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC). This directive supports the combined use of physico-chemical and biological indicators to assess the ecological status of European waters, with particular focus on eutrophication. In the case of transitional (e.g., estuaries, lagoons, saltmarshes) and coastal waters (i.e., fully marine environments), seaweed is one of the biological quality elements proposed for the assessment of the ecological status.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Seaweeds as bioindicators in the context of the Water Framework Directive: The case of Andalusia

Marine ecosystems are increasingly subjected to a variety of anthropogenic pressures, which can alter environmental conditions (e.g., acidification, climate change, eutrophication, biological invasions, emergent contaminants, metal and organic contamination) giving rise to different levels of contaminative and pollution status. In order to monitor the contaminative status of coastal ecosystems many international initiatives are being developed, especially focused on the assessment of nutrients, turbidity and metal contamination. The analysis of water and sediment samples might give accurate information about the presence of contaminants, but not about it bioavailability and biological effects. Bioindicators and biomonitors provide a direct measurement of pollution and may indicate long-term effects yielding a more time-integrated response than physico-chemical indicators alone. To obtain a more comprehensive and complete assessment of the ecological status of European water bodies in order to develop more efficient management strategies, the European Commission (EC) implemented the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC). This directive supports the combined use of physico-chemical and biological indicators to assess the ecological status of European waters, with particular focus on eutrophication. In the case of transitional (e.g., estuaries, lagoons, saltmarshes) and coastal waters (i.e., fully marine environments), seaweed is one of the biological quality elements proposed for the assessment of the ecological status. Different indices have been proposed following WFD requirements. Here, the main indices RSL and CARLIT proposed for the assessment of the ecological status of coastal waters in Andalusia will be described, analysed and discussed. Furthermore, a practical exercise will be developed to show how to calculate the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR) and determine the Ecological Status (ES) of a water body using the RSL and the CARLIT indices.Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal (UMA) Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Molecular dynamics on a realistic model for a strong glass

10 págs.; 9 figs.; 1 tab. ; Erratum Phys. Rev. B 54, 9558 (1996)Thermal motions in a microscopic model for a strong glass (B2O3) are studied by means of computer molecular dynamics simulations. A decomposition of the atomic dynamics in terms of normal modes allows the separation of the truly harmonic components of the generalized frequency distributions. This enables us to discuss a number of magnitudes relevant to current issues on glassy dynamics on quantitative grounds. In particular, the microscopic origin of quantities such as the atomic mean-square displacements, the characterization of mode eigenvectors associated with well-defined spectral features, or the origin of the low-frequency peak appearing in the S(Q,ω) dynamic structure factor, are analyzed in some detail. ©1996 American Physical SocietyThis work has been supported in part by DGICYT Grant No. PB92-0114-C04.Peer Reviewe

Model-based Engineering of Autonomous Systems using Ontologies and Metamodels

Our research focuses on engineering processes for autonomous intelligent systems construction with a life-cycle holistic view, by means of a model-based framework. The conceptual core of the framework is ontologically-driven. Our ontological approach consists of two elements. The first one is a domain Ontology for Autonomous Systems (OASys) to capture the autonomous system structure, function and behaviour. The second element is an Ontology-driven Engineering Methodology (ODEM) to develop the target autonomous system. This methodology is based on Model-based Systems Engineering and produces models of the system as core assets. These models are used through the whole system life-cycle, from implementation or validation to operation and maintenance. On the application side, the ontological framework has been used to develop a metacontrol engineering technology for autonomous systems, the OM Engineering Process (OMEP), to improve their runtime adaptivity and resilience. OMEP has been applied to a mobile robot in the form of a metacontroller built on top of the robot's control architecture. It exploits a functional model of the robot (TOMASys Model) to reconfigure its control if required by the situation at runtime. The functional model is based on a metamodel about controller function and structure using concepts form the ontology. The metacontroller was developed using the ontology-driven methodology and a robot control reference architecture

La extracción de soluciones óptimas en la versión p-adaptable del Método de los Elementos de Contorno

En este articulo se resumen las principales ideas relacionadas con la resolución de problemas elípticos mediante fórmulas de representación. El uso de una familia de funciones interpolantes jerarquizadas permite el establecimiento de un sistema de resolución autoadaptable a un nivel de exactitud prefijado. Se incluye también una comparación descriptiva con el método de los elementos finitos. La extracción de una mejor solución sin refinar la malla se obtiene en el Método de los Elementos de Contorno, gracias a la aplicación de la fórmula de representación para puntos de contorno. Ello permite diseñar una estrategia de indicadores y estimadores que mejora la eficacia de intentos anteriores y permite controlar el desarrollo de la solución tanto en las versiones p como en la h o mixtos

Implanted muon spin spectroscopy on 2-O-adamantane: a model system that mimics the liquid

The transition taking place between two metastable phases in 2-O-adamantane, namely the [Formula: see text] cubic, rotator phase and the lower temperature P21/c, Z  =  4 substitutionally disordered crystal is studied by means of muon spin rotation and relaxation techniques. Measurements carried out under zero, weak transverse and longitudinal fields reveal a temperature dependence of the relaxation parameters strikingly similar to those exhibited by structural glass[Formula: see text]liquid transitions (Bermejo et al 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 214202; Cabrillo et al 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 184201). The observed behaviour manifests itself as a square root singularity in the relaxation rates pointing towards some critical temperature which for amorphous systems is located some tens of degrees above that shown as the characteristic transition temperature if studied by thermodynamic means. The implications of such findings in the context of current theoretical approaches concerning the canonical liquid-glass transition are discussed.Postprint (author's final draft

Diplomado de profundización cisco prueba de habilidades prácticas ccnp

El desarrollo de la “Prueba de habilidades prácticas”, es la actividad final para concretar conocimientos adquiridos en el Diplomado de Profundización CCNP, donde nos ponemos a prueba manejando un entorno de simulación y programación reflejando destrezas en la implementación de protocolos de enrutamiento como lo son EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, redistribución de rutas, Dynamic Multi VPN, VRF Lite y protocolos en IPv6, VLANs y troncales, Spanning Tree, entre otros.HHG The development of the "Practical skills test" is the final activity to concretize knowledge acquired in the CCNP Deepening Diploma, where we test ourselves by managing a simulation and programming environment reflecting skills in the implementation of routing protocols such as EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, route redistribution, Dynamic Multi VPN, VRF Lite and protocols in IPv6, VLAN and trunks, Spanning Tree, among others

Ontologies as Backbone of Cognitive Systems Engineering

Cognitive systems are starting to be deployed as appliances across the technological landscape of modern societies. The increasing availability of high performance computing platforms has opened an opportunity for statistics-based cognitive systems that perform quite as humans in certain tasks that resisted the symbolic methods of classic artificial intelligence. Cognitive artefacts appear every day in the media, raising a wave of mild fear concerning artificial intelligence and its impact on society. These systems, performance notwithstanding, are quite brittle and their reduced dependability limips their potential for massive deployment in mission-critical applications -e.g. in autonomous driving or medical diagnosis. In this paper we explore the actual possibility of building cognitive systems using engineering-grade methods that can assure the satisfaction of strict requirements for their operation. The final conclusion will be that, besides the potential improvement provided by a rigorous engineering process, we are still in need of a solid theory -possibly the main outcome of cognitive science- that could sustain such endeavour. In this sense, we propose the use of formal ontologies as backbones of cognitive systems engineering processes and workflows