Evolution of the Population Structure of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in France

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a colonizer as well as an important pathogen of dogs where it is responsible for skin, ear and post-operative infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the early 2000s, which were additionally resistant to most veterinary-licensed antibiotics, drew specific attention to these pathogens due to the limitations created in veterinary therapeutic options. Multiple studies showed that the sequence type (ST)71 was the most frequently identified clone in Europe. A few years ago, several publications have suggested a decline of the ST71 clone and the emergence of the ST258 lineage in Northern Europe. In this study, we show that ST71 is also decreasing over time in France and that the non-ST71 population is highly heterogeneous. Globally, the non-ST71 clones are more susceptible to antibiotics, which might be good news for veterinarians. Two other lineages, ST258 and ST496, seem to be successful in France. These isolates, as well as representatives of the ST71 clone, underwent whole-genome sequence. This study shows that the ST71 and ST496 clusters are highly homogenous while the ST258 cluster is more diverse. Each ST possesses a specific pattern of resistance and virulence genes. The reasons for the apparent and simultaneous success of the ST258 and ST496 clones remain unclear. But the emergence of the ST496 clone will require monitoring given its multi-resistant genotype and threat to canine health

Direct assessment of small pelagic fish by the PELGAS15 acoustic survey

The Pelgas15 acoustic survey has been carried out with globally good weather conditions (regular low wind, medium temperatures) for the whole area, from the South of the bay of Biscay to the west of Brittany. The help of commercial vessels (two pairs of pelagic trawlers and a single one) during 18 days provided about 130 valid identification hauls instead of about 50 before 2007 when Thalassa was alone to identify echotraces. Their participation increased the precision of identification of echoes and some double hauls permitted to confirm that results provided by the two types of vessels (R/V and Fishing boats) were comparable and usable for biomass estimate purposes. These commercial vessels participated to the PELGAS survey in a very good spirit of collaboration, with the financial help of "France Filière Pêche" which is a groupment of French fishing organisations. The PELGAS15 survey observed the highest level of anchovy biomass never observed before (372 916 tons), pushed by a huge recruitment (the abundance of age 1 in 2015 is more or less 4 times the highest before) far from the highest level observed on the time series (186 865 tons in 2012). In the South, anchovy was mostly concentrated in the middle of the platform, and in the middle part of the bay of Biscay, anchovy appeared as very small fish with highest concentrations front of the Gironde, never observed before. In this area, anchovy was present from the coast until the shelf break continuously

Evolution of the Population Structure of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in France

International audienceStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a colonizer as well as an important pathogen of dogs where it is responsible for skin, ear and post-operative infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the early 2000s, which were additionally resistant to most veterinary-licensed antibiotics, drew specific attention to these pathogens due to the limitations created in veterinary therapeutic options. Multiple studies showed that the sequence type (ST)71 was the most frequently identified clone in Europe. A few years ago, several publications have suggested a decline of the ST71 clone and the emergence of the ST258 lineage in Northern Europe. In this study, we show that ST71 is also decreasing over time in France and that the non-ST71 population is highly heterogeneous. Globally, the non-ST71 clones are more susceptible to antibiotics, which might be good news for veterinarians. Two other lineages, ST258 and ST496, seem to be successful in France. These isolates, as well as representatives of the ST71 clone, underwent whole-genome sequence. This study shows that the ST71 and ST496 clusters are highly homogenous while the ST258 cluster is more diverse. Each ST possesses a specific pattern of resistance and virulence genes. The reasons for the apparent and simultaneous success of the ST258 and ST496 clones remain unclear. But the emergence of the ST496 clone will require monitoring given its multi-resistant genotype and threat to canine health

Evolution of the Population Structure of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in France

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a colonizer as well as an important pathogen of dogs where it is responsible for skin, ear and post-operative infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the early 2000s, which were additionally resistant to most veterinary-licensed antibiotics, drew specific attention to these pathogens due to the limitations created in veterinary therapeutic options. Multiple studies showed that the sequence type (ST)71 was the most frequently identified clone in Europe. A few years ago, several publications have suggested a decline of the ST71 clone and the emergence of the ST258 lineage in Northern Europe. In this study, we show that ST71 is also decreasing over time in France and that the non-ST71 population is highly heterogeneous. Globally, the non-ST71 clones are more susceptible to antibiotics, which might be good news for veterinarians. Two other lineages, ST258 and ST496, seem to be successful in France. These isolates, as well as representatives of the ST71 clone, underwent whole-genome sequence. This study shows that the ST71 and ST496 clusters are highly homogenous while the ST258 cluster is more diverse. Each ST possesses a specific pattern of resistance and virulence genes. The reasons for the apparent and simultaneous success of the ST258 and ST496 clones remain unclear. But the emergence of the ST496 clone will require monitoring given its multi-resistant genotype and threat to canine health

Niche specialization and spread of Staphylococcus capitis involved in neonatal sepsis

International audienceThe multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A clone is responsible for sepsis in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Here, to retrace the spread of this clone and to identify drivers of its specific success, we investigated a representative collection of 250 S. capitis isolates from adults and newborns. Bayesian analyses confirmed the spread of the NRCS-A clone and enabled us to date its emergence in the late 1960s and its expansion during the 1980s, coinciding with the establishment of NICUs and the increasing use of vancomycin in these units, respectively. This dynamic was accompanied by the acquisition of mutations in antimicrobial resistance- and bacteriocin-encoding genes. Furthermore, combined statistical tools and a genome-wide association study convergently point to vancomycin resistance as a major driver of NRCS-A success. We also identified another S. capitis subclade (alpha clade) that emerged independently, showing parallel evolution towards NICU specialization and non-susceptibility to vancomycin, indicating convergent evolution in NICU-associated pathogens. These findings illustrate how the broad use of antibiotics can repeatedly lead initially commensal drug-susceptible bacteria to evolve into multidrug-resistant clones that are able to successfully spread worldwide and become pathogenic for highly vulnerable patients

Niche specialization and spread of Staphylococcus capitis involved in neonatal sepsis

The multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A clone is responsible for sepsis in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. Here, to retrace the spread of this clone and to identify drivers of its specific success, we investigated a representative collection of 250 S. capitis isolates from adults and newborns. Bayesian analyses confirmed the spread of the NRCS-A clone and enabled us to date its emergence in the late 1960s and its expansion during the 1980s, coinciding with the establishment of NICUs and the increasing use of vancomycin in these units, respectively. This dynamic was accompanied by the acquisition of mutations in antimicrobial resistance- and bacteriocin-encoding genes. Furthermore, combined statistical tools and a genome-wide association study convergently point to vancomycin resistance as a major driver of NRCS-A success. We also identified another S. capitis subclade (alpha clade) that emerged independently, showing parallel evolution towards NICU specialization and non-susceptibility to vancomycin, indicating convergent evolution in NICU-associated pathogens. These findings illustrate how the broad use of antibiotics can repeatedly lead initially commensal drug-susceptible bacteria to evolve into multidrug-resistant clones that are able to successfully spread worldwide and become pathogenic for highly vulnerable patients

Prenatal diagnosis by trio exome sequencing in fetuses with ultrasound anomalies: A powerful diagnostic tool

International audienceIntroduction: Prenatal ultrasound (US) anomalies are detected in around 5%–10% of pregnancies. In prenatal diagnosis, exome sequencing (ES) diagnostic yield ranges from 6% to 80% depending on the inclusion criteria. We describe the first French national multicenter pilot study aiming to implement ES in prenatal diagnosis following the detection of anomalies on US. Patients and methods: We prospectively performed prenatal trio-ES in 150 fetuses with at least two US anomalies or one US anomaly known to be frequently linked to a genetic disorder. Trio-ES was only performed if the results could influence pregnancy management. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) was performed before or in parallel. Results: A causal diagnosis was identified in 52/150 fetuses (34%) with a median time to diagnosis of 28 days, which rose to 56/150 fetuses (37%) after additional investigation. Sporadic occurrences were identified in 34/56 (60%) fetuses and unfavorable vital and/or neurodevelopmental prognosis was made in 13/56 (24%) fetuses. The overall diagnostic yield was 41% (37/89) with first-line trio-ES versus 31% (19/61) after normal CMA. Trio-ES and CMA were systematically concordant for identification of pathogenic CNV. Conclusion: Trio-ES provided a substantial prenatal diagnostic yield, similar to postnatal diagnosis with a median turnaround of approximately 1 month, supporting its routine implementation during the detection of prenatal US anomalies