630 research outputs found

    Fission-Residues Produced in the Spallation Reaction 238U+p at 1 A GeV

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    Fission fragments from 1 A GeV 238U projectiles irradiating a hydrogen target were investigated by using the fragment separator FRS for magnetic selection of reaction products including ray-tracing and DE-ToF techniques. The momentum spectra of 733 identified fragments were analysed to provide isotopic production cross sections, fission-fragment velocities and recoil momenta of the fissioning parent nuclei. Besides their general relevance, these quantities are also demanded for applications. Calculations and simulations with codes commonly used and recently developed or improved are compared to the data.Comment: 60 pages, 21 figures, 4 tables, 2 appendices (15 pages

    Measurement of nuclide cross-sections of spallation residues in 1 A GeV 238U + proton collisions

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    The production of heavy nuclides from the spallation-evaporation reaction of 238U induced by 1 GeV protons was studied in inverse kinematics. The evaporation residues from tungsten to uranium were identified in-flight in mass and atomic number. Their production cross-sections and their momentum distributions were determined. The data are compared with empirical systematics. A comparison with previous results from the spallation of 208Pb and 197Au reveals the strong influence of fission in the spallation of 238U.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, background information at http://www-wnt.gsi.de/kschmidt

    Production of medium-mass neutron-rich nuclei in reactions induced by 136Xe projectiles at 1 A GeV on a beryllium target

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    Production cross sections of medium-mass neutron-rich nuclei obtained in the fragmentation of 136Xe projectiles at 1 A GeV have been measured with the FRagment Separator (FRS) at GSI. 125Pd was identified for the first time. The measured cross sections are compared to 238U fission yields and model calculations in order to determine the optimum reaction mechanism to extend the limits of the chart of the nuclides around the r-process waiting point at N=82.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

    SOFIARoot: Simulation of the SOFIA/ANDES Setup

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    Production of new neutron-rich isotopes of heavy elements in fragmentation reactions of 238^{238}U projectiles at 1 A GeV

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    The production of heavy neutron-rich nuclei has been investigated using cold fragmentation reactions of 238^{238}U projectiles at relativistic energies. The experiment performed at the high-resolving-power magnetic spectrometer FRS at GSI allowed to identify 45 new heavy neutron-rich nuclei: 205^{205}Pt, 207210^{207-210}Au, 211216^{211-216}Hg, 213217^{213-217}Tl, 215220^{215-220}Pb, 219224^{219-224}Bi, 221227^{221-227}Po, 224229^{224-229}At, 229231^{229-231}Rn and 233^{233}Fr. The production cross sections of these nuclei were also determined and used to benchmark reaction codes that predict the production of nuclei far from stability.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

    Isotopic and velocity distributions of Bi produced in charge-pickup reactions of 208Pb at 1 A GeV

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    Isotopically resolved cross sections and velocity distributions have been measured in charge-pickup reactions of 1 A GeV 208Pb with proton, deuterium and titanium target. The total and partial charge-pickup cross sections in the reactions 208Pb + 1H and 208Pb + 2H are measured to be the same in the limits of the error bars. A weak increase in the total charge-pickup cross section is seen in the reaction of 208Pb with the titanium target. The measured velocity distributions show different contributions - quasi-elastic scattering and Delta-resonance excitation - to the charge-pickup production. Data on total and partial charge-pickup cross sections from these three reactions are compared with other existing data and also with model calculations based on the coupling of different intra-nuclear cascade codes and an evaporation code.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, background information on http://www-w2k.gsi.de/kschmidt

    Cross-sections of spallation residues produced in 1.A GeV 208Pb on proton reactions

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    Spallation residues produced in 1 GeV per nucleon 208^{208}Pb on proton reactions have been studied using the FRagment Separator facility at GSI. Isotopic produc- tion cross-sections of elements from 61_{61}Pm to 82_{82}Pb have been measured down to 0.1 mb with a high accuracy. The recoil kinetic energies of the produced fragments were also determined. The obtained cross-sections agree with most of the few existing gamma-spectroscopy data. Data are compared with different intra nuclear-cascade and evaporation-fission models. Drastic deviations were found for a standard code used in technical applications.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. Revised version May 12, 200

    Evaporation residues produced in spallation of 208Pb by protons at 500A MeV

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    The production cross sections of fragmentation-evaporation residues in the reaction Pb+p at 500A MeV have been measured using the inverse-kinematics method and the FRS spectrometer (GSI). Fragments were identified in nuclear charge using ionisation chambers. The mass identification was performed event-by-event using the B-rho - TOF - Delta-E technique. Although partially-unresolved ionic charge states induced an ambiguity on the mass of some heavy fragments, production rates could be obtained with a high accuracy by systematically accounting for the polluting ionic charge states. The contribution of multiple reactions in the target was subtracted using a new, partly self-consistent code. The isobaric distributions are found to have a shape very close to the one observed in experiments at higher energy. Kinematic properties of the fragments were also measured. The total and the isotopic cross sections, including charge-pickup cross sections, are in good agreement with previous measurements. The data are discussed in the light of previous spallation measurements, especially on lead at 1 GeV

    Quasifree (p, 2p) Reactions on Oxygen Isotopes: Observation of Isospin Independence of the Reduced Single-Particle Strength

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    Quasifree one-proton knockout reactions have been employed in inverse kinematics for a systematic study of the structure of stable and exotic oxygen isotopes at the R3B=LAND setup with incident beam energies in the range of 300–450 MeV=u. The oxygen isotopic chain offers a large variation of separation energies that allows for a quantitative understanding of single-particle strength with changing isospin asymmetry. Quasifree knockout reactions provide a complementary approach to intermediate-energy onenucleon removal reactions. Inclusive cross sections for quasifree knockout reactions of the type AOðp; 2pÞA−1 N have been determined and compared to calculations based on the eikonal reaction theory. The reduction factors for the single-particle strength with respect to the independent-particle model were obtained and compared to state-of-the-art ab initio predictions. The results do not show any significant dependence on proton-neutron asymmetryThis work was supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF project 05P15RDFN1), and through the GSI-TU Darmstadt cooperation agreement. The work of C. B., W. C., and G. W. was supported by the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under Grants No. ST/L005743/1 and No. ST/P005314/1. SCGF calculations were performed at the DiRAC Complexity system of the University of Leicester (BIS National E-1023 infrastructure capital Grant No. ST/K000373/1 and STFC 1024 Grant No. ST/K0003259/1). C. A. B. acknowledges support by the U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02- 08ER41533 and the U.S. NSF Grant No. 1415656. L. M. F. acknowledges funding from MINECO FPA2015-65035-P project.S

    Measurement of the complete nuclide production and kinetic energies of the system 136Xe + hydrogen at 1 GeV per nucleon

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    We present an extensive overview of production cross sections and kinetic energies for the complete set of nuclides formed in the spallation of 136Xe by protons at the incident energy of 1 GeV per nucleon. The measurement was performed in inverse kinematics at the FRagment Separator (GSI, Darmstadt). Slightly below the Businaro-Gallone point, 136Xe is the stable nuclide with the largest neutron excess. The kinematic data and cross sections collected in this work for the full nuclide production are a general benchmark for modelling the spallation process in a neutron-rich nuclear system, where fission is characterised by predominantly mass-asymmetric splits.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figure
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