Filling the Gap in Financing Conservation: Learnings from the MAVA Foundation

How can philanthropy be used to generate additional, sustainable, and innovative funding for conservation, you may wonder?During our activity as philanthropic donors, besides funding over one billion Euros worth of projects, we supported the experimentation of several financial mechanisms aimed at sustaining conservation efforts beyond our direct contributions. The publication 'Filling the gap in financing conservation: Learnings from the MAVA Foundation' presents and shares some examples of financial mechanisms tested and implemented through our portfolio of projects. For each of these mechanisms, we provide a general definition, followed by a description of its specific characteristics in the context of MAVA-supported initiatives. We then share our reflections about the mechanism's potentials and limitations.We hope this publication will serve as a practical resource for funders and conservation practitioners

Evaluación del mecanismo de desarrollo limpio en Costa Rica: ¿un país demasiado verde para beneficiarse del MDL?

Tesis (master en gestión ambiental y ecoturismo con énfasis en diseño de políticas)--Universidad de Costa Rica. Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado, 2006.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Sistema de Estudios de Posgrado::Interdisciplinarias::Maestría Profesional en Gestión Ambiental y Ecoturismo con énfasis en Diseño de Política

The secreted polyketide boydone A is responsible for the anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity of Scedosporium boydii

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Role of mannitol metabolism in the pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola

In this study, the physiological functions of fungal mannitol metabolism in the pathogenicity and protection against environmental stresses were investigated in the necrotrophic fungus Alternada brassicicola. Mannitol metabolism was examined during infection of Brass/ca oleracea leaves by sequential HPLC quantification of the major soluble carbohydrates and expression analysis of genes encoding two proteins of mannitol metabolism, i.e., a mannitol dehydrogenase (AbMdh), and a mannito1-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (AbMpd). Knockout mutants deficient for AbMdf7 or AbMpd and a double mutant lacking both enzyme activities were constructed. Their capacity to cope with various oxidative and drought stresses and their pathogenic behavior were evaluated. Metabolic and gene expression profiling indicated an increase in mannitol production during plant infection. Depending on the mutants, distinct pathogenic processes, such as leaf and silique colonization, sporulation, survival on seeds, were impaired by comparison to the wild-type. This pathogenic alteration could be partly explained by the differential susceptibilities of mutants to oxidative and drought stresses. These results highlight the importance of mannitol metabolism with respect to the ability of A. brassicrcola to efficiently accomplish key steps of its pathogenic life cycle

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