Prognosis of replanted avulsed permanent incisors: A systematic review

The objective of this systematic review is to use the principles of evidence-based dentistry to evaluate clinically and radiographically the prognosis of replanted avulsed permanent incisors in the pediatric age group with an immature or mature apex having an extraoral dry time up to 60 min and a follow-up period of 24 months or more. The study inclusion criteria included case reports and case series published in English. Databases used for the search were PubMed, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and Cochrane from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2017. In addition, hand search of dissertations and journals on pediatric dentistry related to the topic of interest was performed in the institutional library. Contact to authors and colleagues working on similar subjects in the field was made through e-mails. Based on the moderate level of evidence available to assess the prognosis of replanted avulsed permanent incisors by clinical and radiographic evaluation, it is fair to conclude that the prognosis of the replanted teeth was best when the extraoral dry time was <15 min and the tooth was stored in osmolality-balanced media such as Hank's balanced salt solution, saline, and milk. The immature teeth showed better prognosis than mature teeth

Comparison of effectiveness of quad helix appliance with other slow maxillary expanders in children with posterior crossbite: A systematic review

Objective: The present review was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Quad Helix (QH) appliance with other slow maxillary expanders in children with posterior crossbite. Materials and Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trials and retrospective studies published between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2016, were identified from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the National Institutes of Health Trials, Clinical Trials Registry India, Google Scholar and major journals. After a comprehensive search, the articles were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers. All cross-reference lists of the selected studies were screened for any additional papers. Results: The preliminary screening consisted of 608 articles, of which 33 articles were selected. A final total of only 9 articles were included as they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the nine papers, four articles clearly state that QH appliance was a more effective appliance, while the remaining five studies suggest that the maxillary expansion caused by QH is comparable to other slow maxillary expansion appliances. Of the nine included articles, four articles also describe the complications of QH in comparison to other slow maxillary expansion devices. Conclusion: The QH appliance is a viable alternative for the correction of posterior crossbite. The QH appliance is comparable to or even better than other slow maxillary expanders in terms of maxillary expansion while being cost-effective with very few complications

CORRELATION BETWEEN SALIVARY CONSTITUENTS OF FATHER AND CHILD

Objectives: The objective of the study was to find out the correlation between the salivary amino acids and electrolytes in saliva of the father and the child. Method: Saliva was collected from nine father and child pairs by method of Passive Drooling. Qualitative amino acids analysis and electrolyte analysis of the salivary samples was done by LCMS (shimadzu 2010, single quadrupole detector with electrospray ionization).  Results: The three amino acids with highest concentration found in fathers' saliva were arginine, histidine and tryptophan while in children glycine, phenyl alanine and tryptophan were found. The only common amino acid in both groups was tryptophan. Sodium, potassium and calcium were the three ions with maximum concentration in both fathers' and children's saliva. Sodium and calcium levels were found to be comparable but the potassium levels were significantly different. Conclusion: A definitive correlation could not be established between a father's and the child's saliva. Further investigations with large sample size and including more parameters will help us establish whether or not there is any correlation between the salivary constituents of a father and child. KEY WORDS: saliva, salivary constituents, free amino acids, cations, correlation, father, chil

Over two hundred million injuries to anterior teeth attributable to large overjet: a meta-analysis

Background/Aim: The association between large overjet and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) to anterior teeth is documented. However, observational studies are discrepant and generalizability (i.e. external validity) of meta-analyses is limited. Therefore, this meta-analysis sought to reconcile such discrepancies seeking to provide reliable risk estimates which could be generalizable at global level. Material and Methods: Literature search (years 1990–2014) was performed (Scopus, GOOGLE Scholar, Medline). Selected primary studies were divided into subsets: ‘primary teeth, overjet threshold 3–4 mm’ (Primary3); ‘permanent teeth, overjet threshold 3–4 mm’ (Permanent3); ‘permanent teeth, overjet threshold 6 1 mm’ (Permanent6). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were extracted. To obtain the highest level of reliability (i.e. internal validity), the pooled OR estimates were assessed accounting for between-study heterogeneity, publication bias and confounding. Result robustness was investigated with sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results: Fifty-four primary studies from Africa, America, Asia and Europe were included. The sampled individuals were children, adolescents and adults. Overall, there were >10 000 patients with TDI. The pooled OR estimates resulted 2.31 (95% confidence interval – 95CI, 1.01–5.27), 2.01 (95CI, 1.39–2.91) and 2.24 (95CI, 1.56– 3.21) for Primary3, Permanent3 and Permant6, respectively. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses corroborated these estimates. Conclusions: Reliability and generalizability of pooled ORs were high enough and made it possible to assess that the fraction of global TDIs attributable to large overjet is 21.8% (95CI, 9.7–34.5%) and that large overjet is co-responsible for 235 008 000 global TDI cases (95CI, 104,760,000-372,168,000). This high global burden of TDI suggests that preventive measures must be implemented in patients with large overjet