The differentiation of cholesterol and pigment gallstones

Gallbladder biles and stones were obtained at 116 cholecystectomies for symptomatic gallstone disease. All 33 patients younger than 50 years had cholesterol stones, whereas 40% of the older patients had pigment stones. We compared the reliability of three different bile tests for the differentiation between cholesterol and pigment stone patients. Whereas both the presence of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in fresh gallbladder bile and a nucleation time 20 days in ultrafiltered gallbladder bile had a specificity of 100% for cholesterol gallstone disease, biliary supersaturation with cholesterol (cholesterol saturation index >1.0) had a low specificity. The sensitivity of nucleation time 20 days for cholesterol gallstone disease was 78% in concentrated gallbladder biles (biliary total lipid concentration 5 g/dl) but only 21% in dilute biles (biliary total lipid concentration <5 g/dl). In contrast, examination for the presence of cholesterol crystals in fresh bile was reasonably sensitive both in concentrated and diute gallbladder biles (sensitivity, 84% and 72%, respectively). In addition, duodenal bile obtained from 16 patients (10 cholesterol, 6 pigment) before cholecystectom showed cholesterol crystals in 7 of the cholesterol but in none of the pigment stone patients. We conclude that examination of fresh bile for cholesterol crystals is a specific and reasonably sensitive test for cholsterol gallstone disease

Centrifugal radial submersible water pump driven by hydrostatic motor

Bakalářská práce se zabývá návrhem radiálního ponorného vodního čerpadla s hydrostatickým pohonem. V práci jsou popsány základní principy čerpadel a také hydraulické strojní součásti čerpadlového systému. Dále je podrobněji popsána problematika a návrh samotného pohonu čerpadla. Celá práce je vypracována ve spolupráci se zadavatelem CENTRUM HYDRAULICKÉHO VÝZKUMU, spol. s r.o.Bachelor thesis is aimed to a design of radial underwater pump with hydrostatic powertrain. Thesis contains base knowledge and working principles of water pumps and parts of hydrostatic powertrain. The other part is aimed to detail description of design and issues related to a water pump design. Thesis was created in cooperation with Center of hydraulic development (CENTRUM HYDRAULICKÉHO VÝZKUMU, spol. s r.o.).

Stagnasi dalam Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia

Islamic family law in Indonesia has become one of the changes in the legal culture that has occurred from time to time. One of these stagnations is the application of Islamic law to various theories, thus making the Arabization of Islam. This makes the stagnation of Islamic family law in Indonesia undergo renewal. This reform is one of the things that gave birth to various schools that can be used as benchmarks in Islamic family law. The purpose of this study is to explain the stagnation in Islamic family law in Indonesia that has been born since ancient times. This study uses qualitative research methods with descriptive-analysis type. The results of this study are expected that Islamic family law will move forward, followed by the development of acculturation in various regions in Indonesia