Electric Drive Control with Rotor Resistance and Rotor Speed Observers Based on Fuzzy Logic

Many scientific researchers have proposed the control of the induction motor without speed sensor. These methods have the disadvantage that the variation of the rotor resistance causes an error of estimating the motor speed. Thus, simultaneous estimation of the rotor resistance and the motor speed is required. In this paper, a scheme for estimating simultaneously the rotor resistance and the rotor speed of an induction motor using fuzzy logic has been developed. We present a method which is based on two adaptive observers using fuzzy logic without affecting each other and a simple algorithm in order to facilitate the determination of the optimal values of the controller gains. The control algorithm is proved by the simulation tests. The results analysis shows the characteristic robustness of the two observers of the proposed method even in the case of variation of the rotor resistance

Adaptive proportional-integral fuzzy logic controller of electric motor drive

This paper presents the indirect field vector control of induction motor (IM) which is controlled by an adaptive Proportional-Integral (PI) speed controller. The proposed solution can overcome the rotor resistance variation, which degrades the performance of speed control. To solve this drawback, an adaptive PI controller is designed with gains adaptation based on fuzzy logic in order to improve the performances of IM with respect to parameters variations, particularly the rotor resistance (Rr). The proposed control algorithm is validated by simulation tests. The obtained results show the robustness towards the load torque disturbances and rotor resistance variation of the adaptive Proportional-Integral fuzzy logic control with respect to classical PI control, and adaptive control based on rotor resistance observer

Primary renal carcinoid metastasizing to distant sites 12 years after the initial diagnosis

Les carcinoïdes primitifs du rein sont rares avec une centaine de cas rapportés dans la littérature. Sur le plan histologique, il s'agit d'une tumeur bien différenciée dont la morphologie rejoint souvent celle des carcinoïdes dans les autres localisations. Nous rapportons un cas de carcinoïde primitif du rein survenant chez un homme de 41 ans, découvert à la suite de métastases hépatiques. La tumeur était particulière par son architecture tubulo-papillaire, suggérant à tort le diagnostic de carcinome papillaire du rein. Ce diagnostic a été redressé 12 ans après, à la suite de l'apparition d'autres métastases hépatiques, osseuses et pulmonaires.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Maternal positions and mobility during first stage labour

Background: It is more common for women in both high- and low-income countries giving birth in health facilities, to labour in bed. There is no evidence that this is associated with any advantage for women or babies, although it may be more convenient for staff. Observational studies have suggested that if women lie on their backs during labour this may have adverse effects on uterine contractions and impede progress in labour, and in some women reduce placental blood flow. Objectives: To assess the effects of encouraging women to assume different upright positions (including walking, sitting, standing and kneeling) versus recumbent positions (supine, semi-recumbent and lateral) for women in the first stage of labour on duration of labour, type of birth and other important outcomes for mothers and babies. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group’s Trials Register (31 January 2013). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing women randomised to upright versus recumbent positions in the first stage of labour. Data collection and analysis: We used methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions for carrying out data collection, assessing study quality and analysing results. Two review authors independently evaluated methodological quality and extracted data for each study. We sought additional information from trial authors as required. We used random-effects analysis for comparisons in which high heterogeneity was present. We reported results using the average risk ratio (RR) for categorical data and mean difference (MD) for continuous data. Main results: Results should be interpreted with caution as the methodological quality of the 25 included trials (5218 women) was variable. For Comparison 1: Upright and recumbent positions versus recumbent positions and bed care, the first stage of labour was approximately one hour and 22 minutes shorter for women randomised to upright as opposed to recumbent positions (average MD -1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.22 to -0.51; 15 studies, 2503 women; random-effects, T2 = 2.39, Chi2 = 203.55, df = 14, (P < 0.00001), I2 = 93%). Women who were upright were also less likely to have caesarean section (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.94; 14 studies, 2682 women) and less likely to have an epidural (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.99, nine studies, 2107 women; random-effects, T2 = 0.02, I2 = 61%). Babies of mothers who were upright were less likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, however this was based on one trial (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.89, one study, 200 women). There were no significant differences between groups for other outcomes including duration of the second stage of labour, or other outcomes related to the well being of mothers and babies. For Comparison 2: Upright and recumbent positions versus recumbent positions and bed care (with epidural: all women), there were no significant differences between groups for outcomes including duration of the second stage of labour, or other outcomes related to the well being of mothers and babies. Authors' conclusions: There is clear and important evidence that walking and upright positions in the first stage of labour reduces the duration of labour, the risk of caesarean birth, the need for epidural, and does not seem to be associated with increased intervention or negative effects on mothers' and babies' well being. Given the great heterogeneity and high performance bias of study situations, better quality trials are still required to confirm with any confidence the true risks and benefits of upright and mobile positions compared with recumbent positions for all women. Based on the current findings, we recommend that women in low-risk labour should be informed of the benefits of upright positions, and encouraged and assisted to assume whatever positions they choose

Study of sheep poxvirus in Tunisia and characterization of the viral proteins involved in the anti-capripoxvirus immune response

Le virus de la variole ovine est omniprésent dans les élevages de petits ruminants dans les pays d’Afrique du Nord et particulièrement en Tunisie malgré les campagnes de vaccination annuelles mises en place par les autorités vétérinaires du pays. L’optimisation de la souche vaccinale utilisée passe par le développement de vaccins dits de nouvelle génération tels que les vaccins sous unitaires utilisant des protéines reconnues pour induire une réponse humorale protectrice chez l’animal immunisé. Ceci pourrait être une alternative aux stratégies de lutte actuelles permettant de limiter la dissémination du virus en Tunisie. Peu de données existent sur les antigènes protecteurs spécifiques des virus du genre Capripoxvirus. Ce travail de thèse a ciblé, par homologie aux protéines du virus de la vaccine, quatre protéines du genre Capripoxvirus appartenant au virus de la dermatose nodulaire contagieuse potentiellement immuno-dominantes nommées LSDV60, LSDV117, LSDV122 etLSDV141 respectivement homologues des protéines L1, A27, A33 et B5. En premier lieu, une analyse structurale in silico a permis d’identifier les domaines essentiels de chaque protéine et de vérifier le taux de conservation de ces protéines parmi différents virus appartenant à la famille des poxvirus. Une analyse structurale approfondie mettant en évidence la structure primaire, secondaire et tertiaire de la protéine A27 a été réalisée. Suite à cette étude structurale, les protéines ont été produites dans deux systèmes d’expression différents ; le système eucaryote et le système baculovirus-cellules d’insectes afin de caractériser leur antigénicité vis-à-vis de sérums provenant d’animaux immunisés ou éprouvés.La reconnaissance des protéines d’intérêt en vecteur d’expression eucaryote n’a pas été concluante. En revanche, le système d’expression BEVS a permis la production de la protéine A27 (L1, A33 et B5 encours) avec succès sous forme soluble qui a été correctement reconnue par des sérums provenant de caprins naïfs challengés. La mise en évidence de formes trimériques et hexamériques confirment sonantigénicité. Une immunodétection des peptides correspondants à la protéine A27 synthétisés surmembranes (PepScan) combinée à une analyse in silico ont permis d'identifier des zones susceptibles de constituer des régions épitopiques reconnues situés majoritairement en partie N terminale de la protéine.The sheep pox virus is omnipresent in small ruminant farms in North African countries andparticularly in Tunisia despite the annual vaccination campaigns set up by the Tunisian veterinaryauthorities. The optimization of the used vaccine strain involves the development of the so-called newgeneration vaccines such as subunit vaccines and this, using proteins recognized to induce a protectivehumoral response in the immunized animal. This could be considered as an alternative to currentcontrol strategies limiting virus spread in Tunisia. Few data exist on protective antigens specific toviruses in the genus Capripoxvirus. By homology to vaccinia virus proteins, this thesis work hastargeted four proteins in the genus Capripoxvirus belonging to the potentially immuno-dominantcontagious nodular dermatosis virus named LSDV60, LSDV117, LSDV122 and LSDV141respectively homologues of proteins L1, A27, A33 and B5. First, an in silico structural analysis hasallowed to identify the essential domains of each protein and to check the conservation rate of theseproteins among different viruses belonging to the poxvirus family. A thorough structural analysisidentifying the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of the A27 protein was conducted. Followingthis structural study, the proteins were produced in two different expression systems, namely theeukaryotic system and the baculovirus-insect cell system, in order to characterize their antigenicity tosera from immunized or proven animals. The recognition of the proteins of interest in the eukaryoticexpression vector has not been conclusive. On the other hand, the BEVS expression systemsuccessfully allowed the production of the A27 protein (L1, A33 and B5 in progress) in a solubleform, which was correctly recognized by sera from challenged naïve goats. Identifying trimeric andhexameric forms confirms its antigenicity. An immunodetection of the peptides corresponding toprotein A27 synthesized on membranes (PepScan) combined with an in silico analysis led to identifyzones capable of constituting recognized epitopic regions located predominantly in part N-terminal ofthe protein