Processes of Heat and Mass Transfer During Grain Mass Storage in Metal Silos of Large Capacity

This study showed that there were some changes in the temperature and humidity parameters of wheat grains during the storage year. The grain moisture content in both the near-wall and central parts of the metal silo largely did not change, remaining at a level of 10-11%. Moisture values were recorded monthly, and grain temperature was recorded in accordance with seasonal changes, thus, the range of temperature changes was from 20 to 32°С at a minimum outdoor temperature of 5°С. The moisture content of the grain in the surface layer increased by 0.4-1.2% and the final moisture content of the grain was 11.6%. Experiments on grain temperature and humidity changes with active ventilation in large-capacity metal silos have shown that the rate of change (decrease) in temperature depends on the specific air flow rate, and the difference in air and grain temperature. Experimental storage showed that a grain with the moisture content up to 13.6% can be stored for up to nine months without deterioration in quality. A longer shelf life is possible for wheat grains with a moisture content of up to 12%. This article pays special attention to the processes occurring in the under-roof space of large-capacity metal silos and suggests methods for solving this problem. Keywords: long-term storage, active ventilation, metal silos, heat and mass transfer processe

Food system of sugar production: Structure and characteristics

The food system for sugar production plays a crucial role in ensuring a country’s food security, and its effective functioning requires an in-depth study of the features of its formation. This study used logical analysis, generalization, and systematization of scientific and practical knowledge in sugar technology to consider the technological flow of beet sugar production. The structure of the food system was determined, consisting of 14 selected local systems based on 6 types of processes - mechanical, mass transfer, chemical, physicochemical, thermal, and separation. This indicates the complexity of the food system and the significant transformation of sugar beets as a raw material. The mechanisms of formation of local systems were detailed, showing a transformative effect on the modification of the raw material flow. The characteristics of two local systems - diffusion juice and massecuite of the first stage of crystallization - were considered in detail, revealing them as complex disperse systems that differ in composition, dispersion, technological properties, stability indicators, and instability factors. The systematized data obtained can be used to create effective technological solutions in the sugar production food system

Digital technologies in management tasks

In the context of the digital revolution, all management processes are subject to reforms and optimisation. The public sector, in terms of making managerial decisions at the state head level, as well as federal executive authorities, also forms plans for digital transformation. However, initiating the optimization process in the public sector does not immediately lead to an effective transition to new realities. There are problems slowing down managerial decision-making in the field of digital transformation of the public sector, which affects the effectiveness of achieving strategic planning goals in the state, including in the long term

Vending technologies in improving food services

To date, vending machines are widespread. If abroad vending machines are used everywhere to sell a wide variety of goods and even services, then in our country, so far, as a rule, only classic coffee machines and spring machines for issuing snacks attract the attention of buyers. Only in recent years, there has been a trend towards the emergence of atypical vending machines in Russia, such as vending machines for the sale of french fries, coffee shops, dumplings, pizza makers, etc. The article presents the developed vending machine for the preparation and sale of potato balls, the principle of operation of innovative vending, the recipe for potato balls with fillers

Giant extensional strain of magnetoactive elastomeric cylinders in uniform magnetic fields

Elongations of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) under ascending-descending uniform magnetic fields were studied experimentally using a laboratory apparatus specifically designed to measure large extensional strains (up to 20%) in compliant MAEs. In the literature, such a phenomenon is usually denoted as giant magnetostriction. The synthesized cylindrical MAE samples were based on polydimethylsiloxane matrices filled with micrometer-sized particles of carbonyl iron. The impact of both the macroscopic shape factor of the samples and their magneto-mechanical characteristics were evaluated. For this purpose, the aspect ratio of the MAE cylindrical samples, the concentration of magnetic particles in MAEs and the effective shear modulus were systematically varied. It was shown that the magnetically induced elongation of MAE cylinders in the maximum magnetic field of about 400 kA/m, applied along the cylinder axis, grew with the increasing aspect ratio. The effect of the sample composition is discussed in terms of magnetic filler rearrangements in magnetic fields and the observed experimental tendencies are rationalized by simple theoretical estimates. The obtained results can be used for the design of new smart materials with magnetic-field-controlled deformation properties, e.g., for soft robotics. © 2020 by the authors

Crisis Management and Communication Strategies: RUSAL’s Case

No company is immune to crisis situations, an affirmation which, despite its triviality, is undeniably true. However, from the early 2014, such statement may have become even more true to Russian corporations, as the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula gave start to rounds of economic sanctions that are still perpetrated today. Such measures, which were initiated in response to the Kremlin’s political maneuvers, have hit a number of Russian companies, and increased the degree of uncertainty in which they have to operate, as they see economic restriction’s impact not only on the business activity tangible factors—i.e., economic rewards, service, and performance—but also on intangible factors—i.e., image and reputation—as well. Crises are integral parts of all world systems, unfortunately. While they are a theoretically well-understood issue, in practice, crises are perceived as a very painful phenomenon. A crisis can be compared to riding a roller coaster. First, as we gain speed and climb up the tracks we are filled with a sense of joy and delight. These feelings are quickly replaced with anticipation, panic, and fear as the roller coaster plunges into the “abyss.

Erot spatiaalisissa ja ajallisissa reaktionormeissa kevään ja syksyn fenologisille tapahtumille

For species to stay temporally tuned to their environment, they use cues such as the accumulation of degree-days. The relationships between the timing of a phenological event in a population and its environmental cue can be described by a population-level reaction norm. Variation in reaction norms along environmental gradients may either intensify the envi- ronmental effects on timing (cogradient variation) or attenu- ate the effects (countergradient variation). To resolve spatial and seasonal variation in species’ response, we use a unique dataset of 91 taxa and 178 phenological events observed across a network of 472 monitoring sites, spread across the nations of the former Soviet Union. We show that compared to local rates of advancement of phenological events with the advancement of temperature-related cues (i.e., variation within site over years), spatial variation in reaction normsPeer reviewe

Иммунопрофилактика инфекционных болезней у недоношенных детей

Premature infants are especially in need of timely and effective specific immunoprophylaxis due to their vulnerability to infectious diseases. The article describes the basic principles for vaccination of premature infants used in healthcare by the leading countries of the world. Based on the results of clinical trials, the peculiarities of the vaccination schedule for certain infections have been determined, the specific features of the course of the post-vaccinal period have been described. The operating procedures for active immunoprophylaxis of various types of infections have been explained in detail depending on the pathology and the therapy being performed. The article uses the key points of the recommended practices for prevention of the main controlled types of infections developed by the professional association of pediatricians ‘Union of Pediatricians of Russia’ and approved by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.Недоношенные младенцы вследствие уязвимости к инфекционным заболеваниям особо нуждаются в своевременной и эффективной специфической иммунопрофилактике. В статье приведены основополагающие принципы проведения вакцинации детей, рожденных раньше срока, применяемые в практике здравоохранения ведущих стран мира. На основании результатов клинических исследований определены особенности схемы вакцинации против отдельных инфекций, описаны характерные признаки течения поствакцинального периода. Подробно разъяснен алгоритм действий при проведении активной иммунопрофилактики различного вида инфекций в зависимости от имеющей место патологии и проводимой терапии. В публикации использованы ключевые позиции методических рекомендаций по вакцинопрофилактике основных управляемых видов инфекций, разработанных профессиональной ассоциацией детских врачей «Союз педиатров России» и утвержденных Министерством здравоохранения РФ

Место современных продуктов прикорма в критическом периоде формирования здоровья ребенка

The current development of medicine and the results of recent large-scale academic research in pediatrics provide the convincing conclusions that the formation of human health begins in the antenatal period of ontogenesis and continues throughout the infancy. The ideas and subsequent academic research on the influence of nutrition during the first thousand days of life on the programming of metabolism and the development of some chronic somatic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, coronary heart disease have become widespread. In addition, at the same period of life immune abnormalities with a predominance of one of the subpopulations, Th1 or Th2, can possibly form in children at risk of developing allergies when immune response is developing. The predominance of the Th2 cytokine profile (hyperproduction of interleukins 4, 5, 13, etc.) suggests the possibility of stable formation of the atopic status in a child afterwards. Consequently, the application of academic knowledge on the health status programming by nutrition during early ontogenesis is an important tool in preventive pediatric practice.Развитие современной медицины, результаты последних масштабных научных исследований в педиатрии приводят к убедительным выводам, что формирование здоровья человека начинается в антенатальном периоде онтогенеза и продолжается на протяжении раннего детского возраста. Широкое распространение получили идеи и последовавшие за ними научные исследования о влиянии питания первых тысячи дней жизни в программировании метаболизма и развитии некоторых хронических соматических болезней, таких как ожирение, гипертоническая болезнь, ишемическая болезнь сердца. Вместе с тем в этот же период жизни у детей групп риска по развитию аллергии при становлении иммунного ответа возможно программирование иммунных отклонений с преобладанием одной из субпопуляций — Th1 или Th2. Преобладание цитокинового профиля Th2 (гиперпродукция интерлейкинов 4, 5, 13 и др.) предполагает возможность стойкого формирования атопического статуса ребенка в дальнейшем. Следовательно, использование научных знаний о программировании состояния здоровья питанием в процессе раннего онтогенеза является важным инструментом в практической профилактической педиатрии.КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВТ.В. Турти, Е.Г. Бокучава сотрудничают с АО «ПРОГРЕСС».И.А. Беляева сотрудничает с компанией «Пфайзер Инновации».Остальные авторы статьи подтвердили отсутствие конфликта интересов