Международная интеллектуальная миграция: особенности, роль и значение на современном этапе

The article considers theoretical and practical approaches to processes of the international intellectual migration and investigates modern processes of this phenomenon, their feature, the precondition and the reason at the present. The special attention is given consideration of a place of Russia in the international market of intellectual work, to the basic forms of « brain drain», to problems of adaptation to rules of functioning of this market in the conditions of the globalized economic, in a context of gradual elimination of the reasons causing departure of domestic qualified experts. Conclusions prove objectivity of process of the international intellectual migration, growth of demand for qualified professionals, competition strengthening on the given segment of the international labour market, positive and negative sides of this phenomenon in the conditions of transition to postindustrial economy; necessity of creation of conditions for attraction of qualified professionals and working out of a concrete state policy in this direction as a major factor of economic growth and social progress of Russia is underlined.В статье рассматриваются теоретические и практические вопросы, связанные с процессом международной интеллектуальной миграции; исследуются особенности данного процесса, предпосылки и причины развития миграции на современном этапе. Рассматриваются положение России на международном рынке интеллектуального труда, основные формы «утечки умов», проблемы адаптации к правилам функционирования этого рынка в условиях глобализированной мировой экономики. Обосновывается объективность процесса международной интеллектуальной миграции, рост спроса на специалистов высокой квалификации, усиление конкуренции на данном сегменте международного рынка труда, положительные и отрицательные стороны этого явления в условиях перехода к постиндустриальной экономике; подчеркивается необходимость создания условий для привлечения специалистов высокой квалификации и разработки конкретной государственной политики в этом направлении как важнейшего фактора экономического роста и социального прогресса России

Страновые особенности формирования национальных инновационных систем (НИС) в условиях нарастания неопределенности мировой экономики (на примере КНР, Республики Корея, ЮАР, России)

The monograph: discusses the theoretical foundations of the formation and operation of national innovation systems (NIS); features of the development of NIS in the face of growing uncertainty of the world economy; successful experience of the formation of NIS of foreign countries (Kazakhstan, China, South Africa), in which the time period for the formation of its own innovative potential was relatively shorter than the experience of the leading Western powers; presents an analysis of the innovation policies of these countries, identifying key factors that ensured their competitiveness on the world stage for a relatively short period of time; conclusions and proposals were made for Russia; identified promising areas of cooperation in the innovation sphere of Russia with countries with rapidly developing economies.В монографии: рассматриваются теоретические основы формирования и функционирования национальных инновационных систем (НИС); особенности развития НИС в условиях нарастания неопределенности мировой экономики; успешный опыт становления НИС зарубежных стран (РК, Китай, ЮАР), в которых временной период формирования собственного инновационного потенциала был сравнительно короче опыта ведущих западных держав; представлен анализ инновационной политики этих стран, определение ключевых факторов, обеспечивших их конкурентоспособность на мировой арене за сравнительно непродолжительный период времени; сделаны выводы и предложения для России; определены перспективные направления сотрудничества в инновационной сфере России со странами с быстро развивающимися экономиками

Elastic and Proton-Dissociative Photoproduction of J/ψJ/\psi Mesons at HERA

Cross sections for elastic and proton-dissociative photoproduction of J/ψ mesons are measured with the H1 detector in positron-proton collisions at HERA. The data were collected at ep centre-of-mass energies s√≈318 GeV and s√≈225 GeV , corresponding to integrated luminosities of L=130 pb−1 and L=10.8 pb−1 , respectively. The cross sections are measured as a function of the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy in the range 25<W γp <110 GeV. Differential cross sections dσ/dt, where t is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex, are measured in the range |t|<1.2 GeV2 for the elastic process and |t|<8 GeV2 for proton dissociation. The results are compared to other measurements. The W γp and t-dependences are parametrised using phenomenological fits

Measurement of Beauty and Charm Photoproduction using Semi-muonic Decays in Dijet Events at HERA

Measurements of cross sections for beauty and charm events with dijets and a muon in the photoproduction regime at HERA are presented. The data were collected with the H1 detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 179 pb^{-1}. Events with dijets of transverse momentum P_T^{jet1} > 7 GeV and P_T^{jet2} > 6 GeV in the pseudorapidity range -1.5 2.5 GeV in the pseudorapidity range -1.3 7 GeV and P_T^{jet2} > 6 GeV in the pseudorapidity range -1.5 2.5 GeV in the pseudorapidity range -1.3 < \eta^{\mu} < 1.5. The fractions of beauty and charm events are determined using the impact parameters of the muon tracks with respect to the primary vertex and their transverse momentum relative to the axis of the associated jet. Both variables are reconstructed using the H1 vertex detector. The measurements are in agreement with QCD predictions at leading and next-to-leading order

Measurement of the Diffractive Longitudinal Structure Function FLDF^{D}_{L} at HERA

First measurements are presented of the diffractive cross section $\sigma_{ep \rightarrow eXY}$ at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ of 225 and 252 GeV, together with a precise new measurement at $\sqrt{s}$ of 319 GeV, using data taken with the H1 detector in the years 2006 and 2007. Together with previous H1 data at $\sqrt{s}$ of 301 GeV, the measurements are used to extract the diffractive longitudinal structure function F_L^D in the range of photon virtualities 4.0 <= Q^2 <= 44.0 GeV^2 and fractional proton longitudinal momentum loss 5 10^{-4} <= x_{IP} <= 3 10^{-3}. The measured F_L^D is compared with leading twist predictions based on diffractive parton densities extracted in NLO QCD fits to previous measurements of diffractive Deep-Inelastic Scattering and with a model which additionally includes a higher twist contribution derived from a colour dipole approach. The ratio of the diffractive cross section induced by longitudinally polarised photons to that for transversely polarised photons is extracted and compared with the analogous quantity for inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering.Comment: 35 pages, 10 figures and 6 table

Measurement of Inclusive and Dijet D* Meson Cross Sections in Photoproduction at HERA

The inclusive photoproduction of D * mesons and of D *-tagged dijets is investigated with the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA. The kinematic region covers small photon virtualities Q 21. 8 GeV. The heavy quark production process is further investigated in events with at least two jets with transverse momentum p T(jet)>3. 5 GeV each, one containing the D * meson. Differential cross sections for D *-tagged dijet production and for correlations between the jets are measured in the range {pipe}η(D *){pipe}<1. 5 and p T(D *)<2. 1 GeV. The results are compared with predictions from Monte Carlo simulations and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations. © 2012 The Author(s).0SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Search for Contact Interactions in e±p\it e^{\pm}p Collisions at HERA

A search for physics beyond the Standard Model in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at high negative four-momentum transfer squared Q^2 is performed in e^{\pm}p collisions at HERA. The differential cross section ds/dQ^2, measured using the full H1 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 446 pb^{-1}, is compared to the Standard Model prediction. No significant deviation is observed. Limits on various models predicting new phenomena at high Q^2 are derived. For general four-fermion eeqq contact interaction models, lower limits on the compositeness scale Lambda are set in the range 3.6 TeV to 7.2 TeV. Leptoquarks with masses M_{LQ} and couplings lambda are constrained to M_{LQ}/lambda > 0.41-1.86 TeV and limits on squarks in R-parity violating supersymmetric models are derived. A lower limit on the gravitational scale in (4+n) dimensions of M_{S} > 0.9 TeV is established for low-scale quantum gravity effects in models with large extra dimensions. For the light quark radius an upper bound of R_q< 0.65 10^{-18} m is determined.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures and 5 table

Search for First Generation Leptoquarks in ep\it ep Collisions at HERA

A search for first generation scalar and vector leptoquarks produced in ep collisions is performed by the H1 experiment at HERA. The full H1 data sample is used in the analysis, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 446 pb^-1. No evidence for the production of leptoquarks is observed in final states with a large transverse momentum electron or with large missing transverse momentum, and constraints on leptoquark models are derived. For leptoquark couplings of electromagnetic strength lambda=0.3, first generation leptoquarks with masses up to 800 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Revised version, accepted by Journal. 18 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl