Cortical granule exocytosis is mediated by alpha-SNAP and N-Ethilmaleimide sensitive factor in mouse eggs

Cortical granule exocytosis (CGE), also known as cortical reaction, is a calciumregulated secretion that represents a membrane fusion process during meiotic cell division of eggs. The molecular mechanism of membrane fusion during CGE is still poorly understood and is thought to be mediated by the SNARE pathway;nevertheless, it is unkown if SNAP (acronym for soluble NSF attachment protein) and NSF (acronym for N-ethilmaleimide sensitive factor), two key proteins in the SNARE pathway, mediate CGE in any egg model. In this paper, we documented the gene expression of α-SNAP, γ-SNAP and NSF in mouse oocytes. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of these proteins maintains a similar level during oocyte maturation and egg activation. Their localization was mainly observed at the cortical region of eggs, which is enriched in cortical granules. To evaluate the function of these proteins in CGE we set up a functional assay based on the quantification of cortical granules. Endogenous α-SNAP and NSF proteins were perturbed by microinjection of recombinant proteins or antibodies prior to CGE activation. The microinjection of wild type α-SNAP and the negative mutant of α-SNAP L294A in eggs inhibited CGE stimulated by strontium. NEM, an irreversibly inhibitor of NSF, and the microinjection ofthe negative mutant NSF D1EQ inhibited cortical reaction. The microinjection of anti-α-SNAP and anti-NSF antibodies was able to abolish CGE in activated eggs. The microinjection of anti-γ SNAP antibody had no effect on CGE. Our findings indicate, for the first time in any oocyte model, that α-SNAP, γ-SNAP, and NSF are expressed in mouse oocytes. We demonstrate that α-SNAP and NSF have an active role in CGE and propose a working model.Fil: de Paola, Maria Matilde. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Cienicas Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Bello, Oscar Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Cienicas Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentina. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Michaut, Marcela Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Cienicas Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

El efecto protector del factor de crecimiento de hepatocitos (HGF) en hígado y pulmón contra la toxicidad inducida por dosis elevadas de antifímicos

Dos millones de personas mueren anualmente a causa de la tuberculosis (Tb), una enfermedad infecciosa tratable y curable. Entre los efectos adversos del tratamiento antituberculoso se encuentran: reacciones de la piel, desórdenes neurológicos y el más común hepatotóxicidad inducida por los fármacos antituberculosos (ATDH), que causan sustancial morbilidad y mortalidad, contribuyendo a falla en el tratamiento y recaída de los pacientes. Algunos investigadores han sugerido que el incremento en las dosis de los fármacos convencionales eliminaran bacterias multifarmaco-resistentes (MDR) con el riesgo de desarrollar daño hepático; es por ello que se deben buscar nuevas opciones terapéuticas que brinden hepatoprotección sin comprometer los efectos contra la micobacteria. En este trabajo se utilizaron ratones BALB/c sanos e infectados con una cepa MDR de Mycobacterium tuberculosis para someterlos a tratamiento con Isoniazida y Rifampicina a dosis altas tres meses después de haber sido infectados utilizando la vía intragástrica (Ig) o la vía intratraqueal (It) para la administración de los mismos, y en presencia o no del factor de crecimiento de hepatocitos (HGF). Posterior a esto se sacrificaron a uno y dos meses de tratamiento, obteniendo muestras para: conteo de unidades formadoras de colonias (pulmón), determinación de anión superóxido in situ y análisis histológico (hígado y pulmón). Los resultados muestran que HGF disminuye la carga bacilar participando en el control de la infección aumentando la producción de anión superóxido para una eficiente destrucción micobacteriana que correlaciona con daño pulmonar mínimo y al mismo tiempo juega un papel similar en el hígado disminuyendo el daño hepatocelular provocado por el estrés oxidante producto de la biotransformación de los antifímicos restringiendo la producción de anión superóxido y limitando la esteatosis y muerte celular. La vía It mostró mejores resultados que la Ig. En conclusión el HGF se presenta como un importante agente terapéutico al brindar protección a nivel hepático y pulmonar frente a daño oxidante regulando el estado redox celular en la tuberculosis pulmonar progresiva.Each year 2 million people die due to tuberculosis (Tb), a treatable infection disease with antibiotic drugs. However, this antituberculosis drugs usually cause side effects such as skin reactions and neurological disorders, but definitely liver hepatotoxicity is the most common effect that induce an increment in mortality and morbidity, which contributes to failure on the treatment and relapse of the disease. Some researchers have proposed to increase the doses of the antituberculosis drugs, because of the rise in the multidrug resistant strains of the bacilli, but this can be directly associated to the increase in liver failure. Thus, it is important the search of new therapeutic options that can protect the liver against the toxicity of drugs without compromise of the bacteria clearance. In this preclinical work, we used BALB/c strain mice that were infected with a multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After, the mice have developed pulmonary progressive tuberculosis are administered with high doses of rifampicin and isoniazide, using either intratraqueal or intragavage administration, and co-treated or not with HGF. Then mice were scarified at 30 and 60 days. Colony formation units in lungs, and routing histology studies were performed as well as ROS content were determined in lungs and liver. Results show that HGF decreases de bacteria content in lungs increasing ROS, suggesting an improvement in drugs treatment induced by the growth factor. Liver and lung damage, due to toxicity of drugs was decreased significantly, as well as the steatosis, one of the hallmarks in drug-induced liver damage. In addition, the intratraqueal administration of the drugs exhibited the best results for treatment. In conclusion HGF could be considered a good adjuvant in the treatment of tuberculosis due to its effect in liver and pulmonary protection possibly because can manage the oxidative stress

Hepatic chylothorax, a rare finding in a patient with subacute hepatic hydrothorax

Background: The presence of chyle in the pleural space is termed chylothorax. Etiologies include traumatic (iatrogenic, blunt, or penetrating injury) and non-traumatic (non-malignant and malignant). Liver cirrhosis is a rare cause of non-traumatic, nonmalignant chylothorax. We describe a case of a transudative chylothorax in a patient with cirrhosis and hepatic hydrothorax. Case presentation: A 72-year-old woman presents with complaints of shortness of breath for 7 days, altered mental status, and abdominal distention. Patient has past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and liver cirrhosis. On arrival, vital signs demonstrated T 96.2 F°, HR 75, RR 16, BP 143/68, and SO2 97%. On physical exam, was found on 2 liters of oxygen, had decreased right-sided breath sounds, ascites, and lower extremity edema. Laboratory analysis showed, WBC 3.49, Hb 7.5, Hct 23.3, Platelets 57, AST 23, ALT 12, ALP 137, Cr 1.6, BUN 24, Albumin 2.3, Ammonia 19, INR 1.13, PT 12.2. Chest X-ray and CT showed complete opacification of the right hemithorax. Thoracentesis revealed transudative fluid, compatible with hepatic hydrothorax. A second thoracentesis revealed a cloudy appearance, PH 8, WBC 105, RBC 57, PMN 11%, lymphocytes 56%, glucose 329, LDH 39, protein,confirming transudative chylothorax. Conclusion: Chylomicrons in pleural fluid confirm the diagnosis of chylothorax. Transudative chylothorax has been associated with cirrhosis. These effusions occur after therapeutic thoracocentesis due to reaccumulation of pleural fluid from chylous ascites. Elevated intraperitoneal pressures, atrophy in splanchnic lymphatics, and diaphragmatic anatomical defects allow fluid to cross compartments, driven by lower pressures in the pleural cavity. In our patient, malignancy and major lymphatic lesions were ruled out by imaging. Chylothorax is a rare condition with high morbidity and mortality, therefore a prompt diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance

Variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, cortisol salival y respuesta de ansiedad pre-entrenamiento y pre-competición: correlación test CSAI-2

The integration of all the information and tools of measurement of anxiety and stress was used for the benefit of the athletes in order to use the results in favor of the training processes and competences, taking into account the need to improve the perception of Situations and their demands through faster processes of available information, and search for solutions on the appropriate behaviors referring to the actions and / or behaviors that an athlete develops in front of the stimuli that he receives and the bonds that he establishes with his environment, Thus achieving a prompt and vigorous response to the diversity of sensations. The objective of the present study was to investigate physiological and psychological states prior to pre-competition and pre-training included 24 male athletes from three different sports: canoeing athletes (CA), street runners (SR) and jiu jitsu (JJ). The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), salivary cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined in two moments (pre-training and pre-competitive) to evaluate physiological and psychological parameters. A comparison of these situational behaviors on the athletes in the two moments.La integración de toda la información y de herramientas de medición de ansiedad y estrés se utilizó para beneficio de los atletas con el fin de emplear los resultados a favor de los procesos de formación y competencias, teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de mejorar la percepción de las situaciones y sus demandas a través de procesos más rápidos de información disponible, y búsqueda de soluciones sobre las conductas adecuadas refiriéndose a las acciones y/o comportamientos que desarrolla un deportista frente a los estímulos que recibe y a los vínculos que establece con su entorno, consiguiendo así de forma pronta y vigorosa atender la diversidad de sensaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar los estados fisiológicos y psicológicos antes de la pre-competencia y pre-entrenamiento incluyó a 24 atletas masculinos de tres deportes diferentes: atletas de canotaje (CA), corredores de calle (SR) y jiu jit su (JF). Se determinó el Inventario de Ansiedad del Estado Competitivo-2 (CSAI-2), El cortisol salival y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (HRV) en dos momentos (pre-entrenamiento y pre-competitivo) para evaluar parámetros fisiológicos y psicológicos, haciéndose una comparación de estos comportamientos situacionales sobre los atletas en los dos momentos.PregradoProfesional en Ciencias del Deport

Estabilidad Emocional: Una Apuesta desde la Pedagogía del Acontecimiento

Contribuir a la construcción de una pedagogía interesada por generar estabilidad emocional a los sujetos en tiempos de incertidumbre.Aún antes de la emergencia mundial derivada de la presencia del COVID-19 en el 2020, el mundo ya se mostraba como un lugar de incertidumbre y debilidades para la población mundial; sobre todo para los jóvenes, los adultos mayores y diferentes grupos minoritarios. La estabilidad emocional ha sido altamente afectada en los seres humanos y las rutas de asistencia en el área de salud no son altamente eficaces ni suficientes para contener esta problemática. Por ello, como una estrategia para mitigar este impacto y que los seres humanos encuentren una forma de estabilizar sus emociones de forma autónoma, la pedagogía del acontecimiento se propone como una alternativa que aporta a la construcción de procesos autónomos a través de la experiencia. Es por eso, que desde el campo de la comunicación- educación de la cultura se apuesta por impulsar formas de ser y de existir diferentes a las formas de operar habituales en nuestra educación formal, modos de expresarse y de posicionarse en el mundo, en las cuales los sujetos puedan producir y reproducir sus propias saberes derivados de los acontecimientos de sus vidas y, con ello, puedan llegar a comunicarse o compartir en las interacciones cotidianas para generar dinámicas donde la realidad sea un “buen vivir” para todos.Even before the global emergency resulting from the presence of COVID-19 in 2020, the world was already showing itself as a place of uncertainty and weakness for the world’s population, especially for young people, older adults and different minority groups. Emotional stability has been highly affected in humans and care routes in the health area are not highly effective or sufficient to contain this problem. Therefore, as a strategy to mitigate this impact and for humans to find a way to stabilize their emotions autonomously, the pedagogy of the event is proposed as an alternative that contributes to the construction of autonomous processes through experience. That is why, from the field of communication- education of culture is committed to promoting ways of being and existing different from the usual ways of operating in our formal education, ways of expressing themselves and positioning themselves in the world, in which subjects can produce and reproduce their own knowledge derived from the events of their lives and, with it, can come to communicate or share in daily interactions to generate dynamics where reality is a "good life" for al

Estabilidad Emocional: Una Apuesta desde la Pedagogía del Acontecimiento

Contribuir a la construcción de una pedagogía interesada por generar estabilidad emocional a los sujetos en tiempos de incertidumbre.Aún antes de la emergencia mundial derivada de la presencia del COVID-19 en el 2020, el mundo ya se mostraba como un lugar de incertidumbre y debilidades para la población mundial; sobre todo para los jóvenes, los adultos mayores y diferentes grupos minoritarios. La estabilidad emocional ha sido altamente afectada en los seres humanos y las rutas de asistencia en el área de salud no son altamente eficaces ni suficientes para contener esta problemática. Por ello, como una estrategia para mitigar este impacto y que los seres humanos encuentren una forma de estabilizar sus emociones de forma autónoma, la pedagogía del acontecimiento se propone como una alternativa que aporta a la construcción de procesos autónomos a través de la experiencia. Es por eso, que desde el campo de la comunicación- educación de la cultura se apuesta por impulsar formas de ser y de existir diferentes a las formas de operar habituales en nuestra educación formal, modos de expresarse y de posicionarse en el mundo, en las cuales los sujetos puedan producir y reproducir sus propias saberes derivados de los acontecimientos de sus vidas y, con ello, puedan llegar a comunicarse o compartir en las interacciones cotidianas para generar dinámicas donde la realidad sea un “buen vivir” para todos.Even before the global emergency resulting from the presence of COVID-19 in 2020, the world was already showing itself as a place of uncertainty and weakness for the world’s population, especially for young people, older adults and different minority groups. Emotional stability has been highly affected in humans and care routes in the health area are not highly effective or sufficient to contain this problem. Therefore, as a strategy to mitigate this impact and for humans to find a way to stabilize their emotions autonomously, the pedagogy of the event is proposed as an alternative that contributes to the construction of autonomous processes through experience. That is why, from the field of communication- education of culture is committed to promoting ways of being and existing different from the usual ways of operating in our formal education, ways of expressing themselves and positioning themselves in the world, in which subjects can produce and reproduce their own knowledge derived from the events of their lives and, with it, can come to communicate or share in daily interactions to generate dynamics where reality is a "good life" for al

Conociendo el mundo de mis emociones

https://unadvirtualedu-my.sharepoint.com/:f:/g/personal/odbellom_unadvirtual_edu_co/EmiMSrqubNJFrDaT1am8ZkYBaeUhsxgHDIERhbXJnNBlHQ?e=nCz5MjEsta propuesta de investigación tiene como propósito fomentar la inteligencia emocional en niños del grado quinto de jornada de la mañana de la Institución Educativa de Promoción Social de Cartagena, con el fin de mejorar las relaciones interpersonales que se vieron afectado durante las restricciones que genero el virus Covid 19, la sana convivencia y buen trato de los estudiantes dentro y fuera del aula, para ellos se tuvieron en cuenta algunos criterios como las edades, nivel educativo, número de estudiantes, nivel socioeconómico, ubicación geográfica y estrato social con el fin de plantear una secuencia didáctica a través de actividades aborde esta problemática, es así que se propone la estrategia llamada Conociendo el mundo de mis emociones. La implementación de toda esta secuencia didáctica se basa en referentes teóricos en donde desarrollan la inteligencia emocional y lo relaciona con los procesos educativos dentro de un aula de clases, es por ello que se utilizaron actividades cooperativas e innovadoras en donde el estudiante se sentirá en confianza y realizará una verdadera retrospección del uso y manejo de las emociones relacionado la sana convivencia dentro y fuera del aula. Luego de la aplicación de esta propuesta se pudo llegar a la reflexión acerca de la forma como se aborda las actividades en donde se empleó la propuesta de las emociones, esta debe ser muy diferentes a las actividades en donde se desarrollen áreas del saber. Las emociones para algunos estudiantes hacen parte de su vida íntima, o en muchas ocasiones son tímidos y se debe hacer un trabajo previo con estrategias diferentes. Palabras claves: Emociones, Inteligencia, Convivencia, Estudiantes.The purpose of this research proposal is to promote emotional intelligence in fifth grade children in the morning of the Educational Institution for Social Promotion of Cartagena, in order to improve interpersonal relationships that were affected during the restrictions generated by the virus. Covid 19, the healthy coexistence and good treatment of students inside and outside the classroom, for them some criteria such as age, educational level, number of students, socioeconomic level, geographical location and social stratum were taken into account for the purpose of board a didactic sequence through activities addresses this problem, that is how the strategy called Knowing the world of my emotions is proposed. The implementation of this entire didactic sequence is based on theoretical references where emotional intelligence develops and relates it to educational processes within a classroom, which is why cooperative and innovative activities were used where the student finished in confidence. and carry out a true retrospection of the use and management of emotions related to healthy coexistence inside and outside the classroom. After the application of this proposal, it was possible to reflect on the way in which the activities where the proposal of emotions was used were addressed, this must be very different from the activities where areas of knowledge will be developed. Emotions for some students are part of their intimate life, or on many occasions they are shy and prior work must be done with different strategies. Keywords: Emotions, Intelligence, Coexistence, Student

Predictors of administrative innovation: functions and organizational methods - Mexican and Colombian hospitals

Objectiv e To determine to what extent functions and organizational methods influence on administrative innovation. Design/methodology/approach This research is quantitative approach, with a not experimental and transversal design. The hypothesis was supported by using a transactional study with a sample of Mexican and Colombian hospitals through the perception of their high and medium level managers. The hospital sampling was by convenience. Findings Organizational functions and methods are associated and are predictors of administrative innovation. Practical implications As long as the hospital encourages the development of training and knowledge methods, autonomy methods for employees are developed, and when performance appraisal takes place in hospital, new methods will be able to develop and organize the routines and the management procedures, allocation of responsibilities and power among employees could be developed, as well as to develop new structure concepts for workplace, organizational practices and external relationships

Synaptotagmin 1 oligomers clamp and regulate different modes of neurotransmitter release

Release of neurotransmitters relies on submillisecond coupling of synaptic vesicle fusion to the triggering signal: AP-evoked presynaptic Ca2+ influx. The key player that controls exocytosis of the synaptic vesicle is the Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1). While the Ca2+ activation of Syt1 has been extensively characterized, how Syt1 reversibly clamps vesicular fusion remains enigmatic. Here, using a targeted mutation combined with fluorescence imaging and electrophysiology, we show that the structural feature of Syt1 to self-oligomerize provides the molecular basis for clamping of spontaneous and asynchronous release but is not required for triggering of synchronous release. Our findings propose a mechanistic model that explains how Syt1 oligomers regulate different modes of transmitter release in neuronal synapses