Análisis de la evitación de responsabilidad en preadolescentes implicados en acoso escolar

XVIII Congreso Internacional INFADThe study of cognitive processes associated with bullying has been important (mental skills, self efficacy. etc.). Whereas emotional and socio-moral issues such as responsibility for one's conduct have been much less studied in relation to bullying (Menesini and Camodeca, 2008; Pornari andWood, 2010, Almeida et al., 2010). And precisely, the problem may be not so much cognitive corn- petence required to withhold or prevent aggression, but the moral position is taken before the con- flict. Therefore, the objective is to analyze the relationship between bullying and assumption of responsibility. Participants were 268 preadolescents, aged between 13 and 15.11 years (mean = 13.7), who were administered the Participant Role Scale (Salmivalli et al. 1996) and the Scale of avoidance of responsibility (Powell et al., 1997). The results showed that bullies and followers are not significantly different compared to other roles when it comes to avoiding responsibility for their actions. Although we observe differences in specific factors of the scale (Victim of the others, immoral attitude and blaming others).El estudio de los procesos cognitivos asociados al acoso escolar ha sido importante (habilidades mentalistas. autoeficacia. etc.), en cambio los aspectos emocionales y sociomorales, como la responsabilidad por la propia conducta han sido mucho menos investigados en relación al acoso escolar (Menesini y Camodeca, 2008; Pornari et al., 2010; Almeida et al., 2010). Y precisamente, el problema puede que sea, no tanto la competencia cognitiva necesaria para no iniciar o impedir una agresión, sino el posicionamiento moral que se tome ante el conflicto. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es profundizar en la relación entre los participantes en el acoso escolar y la asunción de su responsabilidad. Los participantes fueron 268 preadolescentes, de entre 13 y 15.11 años (rnedia« 13.7), a los cuales se administró la Escala de Rol Participante (Salmivalli et al. 1996) y la Escala de evitación de responsabilidad (Powell et al., 1997). Los resultados mostraron que acosadores y seguidores no presentan diferencias significativas respecto al resto de roles a la hora de evitar la responsabilidad de sus actos. Si bien, sí se observan diferencias en cuanto a factores concretos de la escala (Víctima de la actuación de los demás, actitud inmoral y culpa a otros)

Adolescentes en riesgo: trayectorias delictivas

XVIII Congreso Internacional INFADCrimes committed by minors, usually tend to create big social alarm. One possible explanation is the perception society has about minors with a file in the juvenile court. They are perceived as youth with very high risk levels, violent crimes or even from disadvantaged backgrounds. The aim of this study is to check these assumptions. In arder to achieve this, the trajectories of 210 minors (aged from 14.03 to 18.10) with at least one file in the Juvenile Court of Castellón, were analyzed. With the same goal, the results of the YLS/CMI (Hoge y Andrews, 2003), (that predicts the risk of recidivism), time between crimes,type of crime, criminal reiteration, etc. were analyzed. Results are according to the Iines research of Moffit (1993), Catalana and Hawkins (1996), Rechea and Fernández, (2001) and Howell (2003), in the sense that relation with justice is usually punctual and finished when the adolescence period ends.Los delitos cometidos por menores suelen crear gran alarma social en la sociedad actual. Una posible explicación es la percepción de que los menores con expediente judicial presentan una gran problemática social, delitos graves o incluso pertenecen a un entorno marginal,con altos niveles de riesgo de reincidencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es contrastar estas asunciones. Para ello se analizaron las trayectorias delictivas de 210 menores con expediente judicial en el juzgado de Castellón, con edades comprendidas entre 14,03 y 18,10 años. Con el mismo fin se estudiaron los resultados del Inventario YLS/CMI (Hogey Andrews, 2003), (capaz de predecir el riesgo de reincidencia delictiva), el tiempo que los menores tardan en cometer otro delito, la tipología de los delitos cometidos, la reiteración delictiva, etc. Los resultados se muestran en línea con las investigaciones de Moffit (1993), Catalana y Hawki ns (1996), Rechea y Fernández, (2001) y Howell (2003), donde la relación del menor con la justicia es en la mayoría de los casos puntual y se extingue al finalizar la etapa de la adolescencia

Características descriptivas de los participantes en acoso escolar: agresores, seguidores, víctimas, defensores y público

El acoso escolar tradicionalmente se ha analizado desde la perspectiva de la víctima y del agresor/es: su posición sociométrica dentro del grupo (Ortega y Mora-Merchán, 2008), su percepción de sí mismos (Andreou, 2006), etc. Sin embargo, los participantes implicados en este problema son además, un público o audiencia pasiva, el defensor de la víctima, el ayudante del agresor, etc. Estos roles participantes todavía se encuentran escasamente caracterizados, y sin embargo, resultan fundamentales en los programas de intervención sobre el acoso escolar. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es el de caracterizar los diferentes roles participantes en acoso en torno a variables descriptivas, fundamentalmente la edad, el sexo y su estatus sociométrico dentro del grupo de iguales. Los participantes fueron 441 menores (230 chicos y 211 chicas) con un rango de edad entre 13 y 15.11 años (media = 13.8), a los cuales se administró la Escala de Rol Participante (Salmivalli et al. 1996), para determinar su participación en el problema del acoso, así como un Cuestionario Sociométrico, corregido a través de procedimiento de Arruga (1983). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre los roles participantes en las variables de estatus sociométrico y sexo, pero no en la variable edadTraditionally, studies about bullying has focused mainly on the aggressors and the victims: their sociometric status in the peer group (Ortega & Mora-Merchán, 2008), their self- perception (Andreou, 2006). However, participants implicated in this problem are also an audience, a defender of the victim, a reinforcer of the aggressor, etc. These participant roles are still not well defined, and they become really important in intervention programs for bullying. Therefore, the objective is to characterize the different participant roles in bullying around several descriptive variables, mainly age, sex and sociometric status in the peer group. Participants were 441 students (230 boys and 211 girls) with an age range of 13-15.11 (mean: 13.8), that were administered the following scales: the Participant Role Scale (Salmivalli et al. 1996), to determine their implication in bullying, and a Sociometric Questionnaire (Arruga, 1983). Results yielded significant differences between participant roles in sociometric status and sex, but not in the variable ag

Predicción de la reincidencia delictiva en menores infractores

XVI Congreso INFADI Internacional Congreso ICARO de temática: "Psicología y Sociedad en el siglo XXI. Competencias Relacionales"The criminal recidivism is one of the main worries of our society and its prediction is an important need in the research field, mainly in minors (Andrews & Bonta, 2006). This study tries to analyse the internal consistency of the IGI-J questionnaire (Garrido et al., 2003), used by the psychologists and social workers of the Juvenile Court in Castellón. This study tries to determine the risk of recidivism of each young offender as well as the percentage of correct classification, assessing the questionnaire accuracy. In order to achieve this goal, 210 young offenders that have committed any kind of crime, were selected for the questionnaire. A follow up study of six months was carried out to assess the recidivism through their files, focusing in the ones who recidivate. Results showed good internal consistency of the scales, as well as a good percentage of accurate classification in predicting future criminal conduct.La reincidencia delictiva es una de las grandes preocupaciones de nuestra sociedad y la predicción de ésta, sobre todo en menores, conlleva una clara utilidad (Andrews y Bonta, 2006). Este estudio pretende analizar la consistencia interna del cuestionario IGI-J Inventario de Gestión e Intervención para jóvenes (Garrido et al., 2003), utilizado por el Equipo Técnico del Juzgado de Menores de Castellón, para determinar el riesgo de cada menor de reincidir, así como el porcentaje de clasificaciones correctas que predice el cuestionario, valorando su eficacia. Para ello, se han seleccionado 210 menores acusados de cometer algún tipo de delito o falta en Castellón, a los que se administró el citado cuestionario. Para valorar la reincidencia se realizó un seguimiento de los expedientes de los menores, durante un periodo de 6 meses, diferenciando a los menores que reincidían de los que no. Los resultados mostraron una buena consistencia interna de las escalas, así como un buen porcentaje de clasificación correcta de los casos en la predicción de la reincidencia del cuestionario

Real world effectiveness of standard of care triple therapy versus two-drug combinations for treatment of people living with HIV

Teràpia antiretroviral; Diagnòstic i gestió del VIH; Teràpia amb inhibidors de la proteasaTerapia antirretroviral; Diagnóstico y gestión del VIH; Terapia con inhibidores de la proteasaAntiretroviral therapy; HIV diagnosis and management; Protease inhibitor therapyBackground Since 1996, the standard of care (SOC) therapy for HIV treatment has consisted of a backbone of two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) paired with a third agent. Use of two-drug combinations (2DC) has been considered for selected patients to avoid toxicities associated with the use of NRTIs. This study aimed to compare the real-world outcomes of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing triple therapy (TT) to dolutegravir- (DTG) and/or boosted protease inhibitor (bPI)-based 2DC in a large Spanish cohort of HIV patients. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the VACH cohort, a prospective multicentre Spanish cohort of adult HIV patients. All treatment experienced patients initiating a TT of an INSTI combined with two NRTIs or a 2DC-containing DTG and/or a bPI between 01/01/2012 and 01/06/2017 were included. The unit of analysis was patient-regimens. The overall sample analysis was complemented with two sub-analyses. The first sub-analysis focused on patients treated with a backbone plus DTG compared to those treated with DTG+ one other antiretroviral. The second sub-analysis focused on patients with HIV RNA<50 copies/mL at baseline, irrespective of the regimen used. The following endpoints were assessed: time to discontinuation for any reason, time to switch due to virologic failure, and time to switch due to toxicity (reasons for discontinuation according to clinician report in the database). Time-to-event analyses were conducted using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression models. Results Overall 7,481 patients were included in the analysis, contributing to 9,243 patient-regimens. Patient characteristics at baseline differed among groups, with the 2DC group being significantly older and having a higher proportion of women, a longer time on ART and a higher number of previous virologic failures. Median (95% Confidence Interval [C.I.]) time to switch was 2.5 years (2.3, 2.7) in 2DC group versus 2.9 years (2.7, 3.0) in TT. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% C.I.) for discontinuation due to any reason, virologic failure and toxicity in the 2DC vs TT group were 1.29 (1.15; 1.44), 2.06 (1.54; 2.77) and 1.18 (0.94; 1.48), respectively. Results were consistent in the two sub-analyses. Conclusion In this analysis, time to discontinuation and probability of remaining free of virologic failure were significantly higher in patients on INSTI-based TT compared to DTG- and/or bPI-containing 2DC, with no differences in toxicity.Partial funding was provided by Gilead Sciences. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for authors (HD-C), but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Assessment of the effect of intraarticular injection of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritic dogs using a double blinded force platform analysis

BACKGROUND: Regenerative medicine using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) alone or combined with Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) is a rapidly growing area of clinical research and is currently also being used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). Force platform analysis has been consistently used to verify and quantify the efficacy of different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OA in dogs including MSC associated to PRGF, but never with AD-MSC alone. The aim of this study was to use a force platform to measure the efficacy of intraarticular ADMSC administration for limb function improvement in dogs with severe OA. RESULTS: Ten lame dogs with severe hip OA and a control group of 5 sound dogs were used for this study. Results were statistically analyzed to detect a significant increase in peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) in treated dogs. Mean values of PVF and VI were significantly improved within the first three months post-treatment in the OA group, increasing 9% and 2.5% body weight, respectively, at day 30. After this, the effect seems to decrease reaching initial values. CONCLUSION: Intraarticular ADMSC therapy objectively improved limb function in dogs with hip OA. The duration of maximal effect was less than 3 months

Serum Collagen Type II Cleavage Epitope and Serum Hyaluronic Acid as Biomarkers for Treatment Monitoring of Dogs with Hip Osteoarthritis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of serum type II collagen cleavage epitope and serum hyaluronic acid as biomarkers for treatment monitoring in osteoarthritic dogs. For this purpose, a treatment model based on mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue combined with plasma rich in growth factors was used. This clinical study included 10 dogs with hip osteoarthritis. Both analytes were measured in serum at baseline, just before applying the treatment, and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. These results were compared with those obtained from force plate analysis using the same animals during the same study period. Levels of type II collagen cleavage epitope decreased and those of hyaluronic acid increased with clinical improvement objectively verified via force plate analysis, suggesting these two biomarkers could be effective as indicators of clinical development of joint disease in dogs. Introductio

Dirofilariasis canina en zona árida de la provincia De Mendoza, Argentina

La dirofilariasis, causada por la Dirofilaria immitis y la Dirofilaria repens, está emergiendo a nivel mundial. El perro es el hospedador definitivo y es transmitida por diversos mosquitos. La infección en humanos puede ser más importante de lo que se suponía. En el oeste de Argentina, la Dirofilaria immitis ha sido recientemente reportada en perros y en un humano. A pesar de que la provincia de Mendoza tiene un clima principalmente árido y está distante de regiones endémicas, hay repor-tes que indican que estaría emergiendo

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) catheter-related bacteraemia in haemodialysis patients

Background: the aim of the study was to determine clinical and microbiological differences between patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) catheter-related bacteraemia (CRB) undergoing or not undergoing haemodialysis, and to compare outcomes. Methods: prospective multicentre study conducted at 21 Spanish hospitals of patients with MRSA bacteraemia diagnosed between June 2008 and December 2009. Patients with MRSA-CRB were selected. Data of patients on haemodialysis (HD-CRB) and those not on haemodialysis (non-HD-CRB) were compared. Results: among 579 episodes of MRSA bacteraemia, 218 (37.7 %) were CRB. Thirty-four (15.6 %) were HD-CRB and 184 (84.4 %) non-HD-CRB. All HD-CRB patients acquired the infection at dialysis centres, while in 85.3 % of the non-HD-CRB group the infection was nosocomial (p < .001). There were no differences in age, gender or severity of bacteraemia (Pitt score); comorbidities (Charlson score ≥ 4) were higher in the HD-CRB group than in the non-HD-CRB group (73.5 % vs. 46.2 %, p = .003). Although there were no differences in VAN-MIC ≥1.5 mg/L according to microdilution, using the E-test a higher rate of VAN-MIC ≥1.5 mg/L was observed in HD-CRB than in non-HD-CRB patients (63.3 % vs. 44.1 %, p = .051). Vancomycin was more frequently administered in the HD-CRB group than in the non-HD-CRB group (82.3 % vs. 42.4 %, p = <.001) and therefore the appropriate empirical therapy was significantly higher in HD-CRB group (91.2 % vs. 73.9 %, p = .029). There were no differences with regard to catheter removal (79.4 % vs. 84.2 %, p = .555, respectively). No significant differences in mortality rate were observed between both groups (Overall mortality: 11.8 % vs. 27.2 %, p = .081, respectively), but there was a trend towards a higher recurrence rate in HD-CRB group (8.8 % vs. 2.2 %, p = .076). Conclusions: in our multicentre study, ambulatory patients in chronic haemodialysis represented a significant proportion of cases of MRSA catheter-related bacteraemia. Although haemodialysis patients with MRSA catheter-related bacteraemia had significantly more comorbidities and higher proportion of strains with reduced vancomycin susceptibility than non-haemodialysis patients, overall mortality between both groups was similar