Antimicrobial resistance in patients with odontogenic infections : a systematic scoping review of prospective and experimental studies

Patients with odontogenic infections are commonly prescribed antimicrobials on an experiential base without knowing the precise microorganisms implicated. The aim of this systematic scoping review is to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antimicr

Population structure of two species of Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEINAE) in a coffee landscape of the western andes of Colombia, Risaralda

Los escarabajos coprófagos son un grupo de insectos ampliamente reconocido como indicador ecológico de perturbación antrópica, por lo cual cuentan con una gran cantidad de información a nivel de los ensamblajes. En contraste, aún son escasos los estudios a nivel poblacional y apenas se ha empezado a entender cómo la fragmentación y transformación de sus hábitats afecta la estructura y dinámica de las poblaciones de Scarabaeinae. En este trabajo se examinaron algunos aspectos sobre la estructura poblacional de dos especies de Scarabaeinae típicas del paisaje cafetero en los Andes occidentales de Colombia (Dichotomius cf. satanas y D. cf. alyattes). Entre agosto de 2010 y febrero de 2011, en dos localidades cafeteras de Risaralda, se instalaron seis transectos de ecotono cada uno compuesto por 15 trampas de caída no letales cebadas con una mezcla de excremento humano y cerdo. Cada mes las trampas estuvieron activas durante 48 horas, con revisión cada 24 horas. En cada revisión los especímenes de ambas especies se marcaron con el método de perforaciones en los élitros. Se marcaron 1723 individuos, de los cuales 73 fueron recapturados (43 de D. cf. alyattes y 30 de D. cf. satanas). El tamaño poblacional estimado fue diferente entre especies y localidades, así como la densidad promedio osciló entre 26,4 y 172,2 ind/km². Ambas especies presentaron una proporción de los sexos similar (∼1:1) y mostraron diferencias en sus preferencias de hábitat: D. cf. satanas tendió a mantenerse en el interior del bosque; mientras que D. cf. alyattes usa de forma extensiva el ecotono bosque – café de sol.Dung beetles are a group of insects widely recognized as ecological indicators of anthropic disturbance, reason why they count with a lot of information at the level of the assemblies. In contrast, population-based studies are still scarce and little has been understood on how fragmentation and transformation of their habitats affect the structure and dynamics of Scarabaeinae populations. Some aspects of the population structure of two typical Scarabaeinae species (Dichotomius cf. satanas and D. cf. alyattes) of the coffee landscape in the Western Andes of Colombia are examined in this paper. Between August 2010 and February 2011, six ecotone transects, each one consisting of 15 non-lethal pitfall traps, primed with a mixture of human and pig excrement, were installed in two coffee growing locations of Risaralda. Each month the traps were active for 48 hours and were inspected every 24 hours. Specimens of both species were labeled with the elytron drilling method in each inspection. A total of 1723 individuals were marked of which 73 were recaptured (43 D. cf. alyattes and 30 D. cf. satanas). The estimated population size differed between species and locations, and the average density ranged between 26.4 and 172.2 ind/km². Both species had similar gender ratio (∼1:1) and showed differences in their habitat preferences: D. cf. satanas tended to stay inside the forest, while D. cf. alyattes used extensively ecotone forest – sun coffee

Fiber Optic Control System integration for advanced aircraft. Electro-optic and sensor fabrication, integration, and environmental testing for flight control systems

This report describes the design, development, and testing of passive fiber optic sensors and a multiplexing electro-optic architecture (EOA) for installation and flight test on a NASA-owned F-18 aircraft. This hardware was developed under the Fiber Optic Control Systems for Advanced Aircraft program, part of a multiyear NASA initiative to design, develop, and demonstrate through flight test 'fly-by-light' systems for application to advanced aircraft flight and propulsion control. This development included the design and production of 10 passive optical sensors and associated multiplexed EOA hardware based on wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) technology. A variety of sensor types (rotary position, linear position, temperature, and pressure) incorporating a broad range of sensor technologies (WDM analog, WDM digital, analog microbend, and fluorescent time rate of decay) were obtained from different manufacturers and functionally integrated with an independently designed EOA. The sensors were built for installation in a variety of aircraft locations, placing the sensors in a variety of harsh environments. The sensors and EOA were designed and built to have the resulting devices be as close as practical to a production system. The integrated system was delivered to NASA for flight testing on a NASA-owned F-18 aircraft. Development and integration testing of the system provided valuable information as to which sensor types were simplest to design and build for a military aircraft environment and which types were simplest to operate with a multiplexed EOA. Not all sensor types met the full range of performance and environmental requirements. EOA development problems provided information on directions to pursue in future fly-by-light flight control development programs. Lessons learned in the development of the EOA and sensor hardware are summarized

Conditions of work and dermatitis in workers exposed to chemical risks by cement

This research was carried out in order to identify the working conditions in workers exposed to cement in a cement factory in the city of Cartagena. Through different tools it was possible to carry out the diagnosis of the working conditions and to identify the hazards to which the workers of the company are exposed when being in direct contact with the cement; in this way it was possible to know that the dermatitis that were manifesting the workers has its direct relation with this chemical and therefore to be able to establish those measures tending to ensure the complete state of health of the workers. The type of research carried out is descriptive-qualitative, the applied methodology used as a closed questions survey tool, it was obtained as a result that 70% of the respondents did not use personal protection elements when handling cement, so can say that there is a considerable number of people exposed, which increases the likelihood that they may suffer contact dermatitis, through this the different preventive measures for working and health conditions among the employees of the cement company were raised

La interacción social entre el niño sordo y el niño oyente utilizando la realidad aumentada

El propósito del proyecto es mejorar la interacción y la comunicación entre los niños sordo

De los delitos contra los derechos de autor en el Código Penal colombiano.

Intellectual property rights include those of copyright, industrial property, scientific discoveries, among others. In our criminal code there are rules that protect trademarks and patents (article 306) and rules that protect copyright (arts. 270 to 272). Within copyright there is a division between the copyright stricto sensu and the protection of related rights. While the material object in copyright stricto sensu is the literary, artistic or scientific work, in related rights is the interpretation or execution of those works. Our proposal is to include within the criminal definition the requirement of a profit-making conduct plus a concrete damage to a third person. This proposal will not only limit the criminal definition, but it will also reinforce the protection of the patrimonial dimensionLos derechos de propiedad intelectual comprenden los derechos de autor, el derecho de propiedad industrial y el derecho sobre descubrimientos científicos y demás. De allí que en nuestro código penal se encuentren, por un lado, normas protectoras de marcas y patentes (art 306 C.P.); y, por otro, normas relativas a la protección de los derechos de autor (arts. 270 a 272 C.P.). Dentro de estos últimos a su vez se encuentran los derechos de autor en sentido estricto y los derechos conexos o afines: el objeto material en los primeros recae sobre la obra literaria, artística, científica, entre otros.; mientras en los segundos recae sobre la interpretación o ejecución artística de una obra literaria, artística o científica, fonogramas, videogramas y emisiones. La propuesta que aquí se desarrollará es que al momento de interpretar y aplicar estos tipos penales se exija, primero, un ánimo de lucro al autor de la conducta y, segundo, un perjuicio concreto a un tercero. Aceptar esta propuesta no sólo permitirá limitar el tipo penal, sino que también reforzará la protección del elemento patrimonial

Technical and clinical evaluation of a closed loop TIVA system with SEDLineTM spectral density monitoring: Multicentric prospective cohort study

Introduction: Closed loop total intravenous anesthesia is a technique in which the patient’s hemodynamic and anesthetic depth variables are monitored, and based on this information, a computer controls the infusion rate of drugs to keep them within pre-established clinical parameters. Objective: To describe the technical and clinical performance of a closed loop system for total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil, using the SEDLineTM monitor Design: Multicentric prospective cohort study Setting: Surgery room Patients: ASA I-II undergoing elective surgery Measurements: The authors designed a closed loop system that implements a control algorithm based on anesthetic depth monitoring and the Patient State Index (PSITM) of the SEDLine monitor for propofol, and on hemodynamic variables for remifentanil. The measurement of clinical performance was made based on the percentage of PSITM maintenance time in the range 20–50. Precision analysis was evaluated by measuring median performance error (MDPE) can be defined as the median difference between actual and desired values, which refers to the degree of precision in which the controller is able to maintain the control variable within the objective set by the anesthesiologist; it represents the direction (over-prediction or underprediction) of performance error (PE) rather than size of errors, which is represented by MDAPE, median absolute percentage error, Wobble index, which is used for measuring the intrasubject variability in performance error. Results: Data were obtained from 93 patients in three healthcare centers. The percentage of PSITM maintenance time in the 20–50 range was 92% (80.7–97.0). MDPE was 10.7 (− 11.0–18.0), MDAPE 21.0 (14.2– 26.8) and wobble 10.7 (7.0–16.9). No adverse surgical or anesthetic events were found

Niveles de presión sonora en una empresa de maquinaría pesada: estrategias administrativas y técnicas para su disminución

Se diseñaron estrategias administrativas y técnicas para disminuir la exposición a niveles de presión sonora en una empresa de remolcadores. Realizándose visitas de campo y entrevistas, medición de niveles de presión sonora con sonómetro y dosímetros, formulación de estrategias administrativas y técnicas para control de exposición. Se detectaron niveles de presión sonora en área operativa que oscilan entre 101.4 decibeles a 104,4 decibeles, proyectado a 8 horas. Se determinaron los niveles de presión sonora a los que se encuentran expuestos 6 operadores de los cuartos de máquinas, a través de una sonometría y seis dosimetrías, estableciendo que el espectro del ruido existente en el cuarto de máquinas representa una exposición alta, superando los valores límites permisibles. A partir de estos resultados, se plantearon estrategias de mejora para la empresa y trabajadores, por medio de programas de capacitación y asesoramiento para la asignación de elementos de protección personal con índices de atenuación pertinentes al tipo y nivel de ruido existente en el área de trabajo y de un manual

Contribution of common and rare variants to bipolar disorder susceptibility in extended pedigrees from population isolates.

Current evidence from case/control studies indicates that genetic risk for psychiatric disorders derives primarily from numerous common variants, each with a small phenotypic impact. The literature describing apparent segregation of bipolar disorder (BP) in numerous multigenerational pedigrees suggests that, in such families, large-effect inherited variants might play a greater role. To identify roles of rare and common variants on BP, we conducted genetic analyses in 26 Colombia and Costa Rica pedigrees ascertained for bipolar disorder 1 (BP1), the most severe and heritable form of BP. In these pedigrees, we performed microarray SNP genotyping of 838 individuals and high-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 449 individuals. We compared polygenic risk scores (PRS), estimated using the latest BP1 genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, between BP1 individuals and related controls. We also evaluated whether BP1 individuals had a higher burden of rare deleterious single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and rare copy number variants (CNVs) in a set of genes related to BP1. We found that compared with unaffected relatives, BP1 individuals had higher PRS estimated from BP1 GWAS statistics (P = 0.001 ~ 0.007) and displayed modest increase in burdens of rare deleterious SNVs (P = 0.047) and rare CNVs (P = 0.002 ~ 0.033) in genes related to BP1. We did not observe rare variants segregating in the pedigrees. These results suggest that small-to-moderate effect rare and common variants are more likely to contribute to BP1 risk in these extended pedigrees than a few large-effect rare variants