Prediction of remission and low disease activity in disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug-refractory patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with golimumab

OBJECTIVE: To create a tool to predict probability of remission and low disease activity (LDA) in patients with RA being considered for anti-TNF treatment in clinical practice. METHODS: We analysed data from GO-MORE, an open-label, multinational, prospective study in biologic-naïve patients with active RA (DAS28-ESR ⩾3.2) despite DMARD therapy. Patients received 50 mg s.c. golimumab (GLM) once monthly for 6 months. In secondary analyses, regression models were used to determine the best set of baseline factors to predict remission (DAS28-ESR <2.6) at month 6 and LDA (DAS28-ESR ⩽3.2) at month 1. RESULTS: In 3280 efficacy-evaluable patients, of 12 factors included in initial regression models predicting remission or LDA, six were retained in final multivariable models. Greater likelihood of LDA and remission was associated with being male; younger age; lower HAQ, ESR (or CRP) and tender joint count (or swollen joint count) scores; and absence of comorbidities. In models predicting 1-, 3- and 6-month LDA or remission, area under the receiver operating curve was 0.648-0.809 (R(2) = 0.0397-0.1078). The models also predicted 6-month HAQ and EuroQoL-5-dimension scores. A series of matrices were developed to easily show predicted rates of remission and LDA. CONCLUSION: A matrix tool was developed to show predicted GLM treatment outcomes in patients with RA, based on a combination of six baseline characteristics. The tool could help provide practical guidance in selection of candidates for anti-TNF therapy

Effect of a 10-month residential multidisciplinary weight loss intervention on food reward in adolescents with obesity

Background While multidisciplinary weight loss (WL) programs have been suggested to improve the sensitivity of appetite control system, this study examined for the first time the effect of a specific multidisciplinary intervention on the hedonic aspects of food intake in adolescents with obesity. Study Design Twenty-four adolescents (11–15 years) with obesity (mean BMI: 35.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; BMI percentile: 98.7 ± 0.5) took part in a 10-month inpatient WL program, which included physical activity, nutritional education and psychological support. Height, weight, body composition, food reward (pre- and post-meal), ad libitum energy intake, appetite sensations and eating behavior traits were assessed at baseline, 5 months and at the end of the 10-month intervention. Analyses were conducted with linear mixed models and paired t-tests. Results The mean WL was 8.9 ± 6.9 kg. Appetite sensations and pre-meal hedonic ratings of liking for all food categories (HF: high-fat; LF: low-fat; SA: savory; SW: sweet) increased after 5 months (fasting hunger, p = 0.02; fasting desire to eat, p = 0.01; daily hunger, p = 0.001; pre-meal liking for HFSA, p = 0.03; LFSA, p = 0.04; HFSW, p = 0.009; LFSW, p = 0.005). In contrast, appetite sensations (fasting and daily), emotional eating (p < 0.001), uncontrolled eating (p = 0.009), and pre-meal explicit liking (for all food categories) decreased between months 5 and 10. Post-meal liking for HFSA (p < 0.001), LFSA (p = 0.002), HFSW (p = 0.02) and LFSW (p < 0.001) decreased between baseline and month 5 and remained unchanged between months 5 and 10. Conclusion These findings suggest that adaptive mechanisms to WL occurring in the short-to-medium term are attenuated in the longer term with the persistence of WL. These results indicate improvements in the reward response to food in adolescents with obesity and may contribute to the beneficial effect of multicomponent WL interventions in this population. Future studies are required to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Eating disorders in weight-related therapy (EDIT): protocol for a systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis of eating disorder risk in behavioural weight management

The Eating Disorders In weight-related Therapy (EDIT) Collaboration brings together data from randomised controlled trials of behavioural weight management interventions to identify individual participant risk factors and intervention strategies that contribute to eating disorder risk. We present a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis which aims to identify participants at risk of developing eating disorders, or related symptoms, during or after weight management interventions conducted in adolescents or adults with overweight or obesity. We systematically searched four databases up to March 2022 and clinical trials registries to May 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials of weight management interventions conducted in adolescents or adults with overweight or obesity that measured eating disorder risk at pre- and post-intervention or follow-up. Authors from eligible trials have been invited to share their deidentified IPD. Two IPD meta-analyses will be conducted. The first IPD meta-analysis aims to examine participant level factors associated with a change in eating disorder scores during and following a weight management intervention. To do this we will examine baseline variables that predict change in eating disorder risk within intervention arms. The second IPD meta-analysis aims to assess whether there are participant level factors that predict whether participation in an intervention is more or less likely than no intervention to lead to a change in eating disorder risk. To do this, we will examine if there are differences in predictors of eating disorder risk between intervention and no-treatment control arms. The primary outcome will be a standardised mean difference in global eating disorder score from baseline to immediately post-intervention and at 6- and 12- months follow-up. Identifying participant level risk factors predicting eating disorder risk will inform screening and monitoring protocols to allow early identification and intervention for those at risk

Effect of acute dietary- versus combined dietary and exercise-induced energy deficits on subsequent energy intake, appetite and food reward in adolescents with obesity

International audienc

Effect of Acute Exercise and Cycling Desk on Energy Intake and Appetite Response to Mental Work: The CORTEX Study

International audienceBackground : While mental work has been shown to favor overconsumption, the present study compared the effect of a cognitive task alone, followed by acute exercise, or performed on a cycling desk, on short-term food intake and appetite in adults. Methods : A total of 19 normal-weight adults randomly completed: resting session (CON), 30-minute cognitive task (CT), 30-minute cognitive task followed by a 15-minute high-intensity interval exercise bout (CT–EX), and 30-minute cognitive task performed on a cycling desk (CT-CD). Energy expenditure was estimated (heart rate–workload relationship), and energy intake (EI; ad libitum) and appetite (visual analog scales) were assessed. Results : Energy expenditure was higher in CT-EX ( P < .001) compared with the other conditions and in CT-CD compared with CON and CT ( P < .01). EI was higher in CON ( P < .05) and CT-CD compared with CT ( P < .01). Relative EI was higher in CON compared with CT ( P < .05) and lower in CT-EX compared with CT, CT-CD, and CON (all P s < .001). Area under the curve desire to eat was higher in CON compared with CT ( P < .05) and CT-EX ( P < .01). Area under the curve prospective food consumption was higher in CON compared with CT-EX ( P < .01). Overall composite appetite score was not different between conditions. Conclusion : While cycling desks are recommended to break up sedentary time, the induced increase in energy expenditure might not be enough to significantly reduce overall short-term relative EI after mental work

Fantômes

Des morts apparaissent – dans les bunkers des îles Anglo-Normandes, dans les foyers vietnamiens d’après-guerre, dans les plaines désolées de Sibérie, dans les villages médiévaux italiens ou dans les salons bourgeois européens ; des morts apparaissent – aux prêtres taoïstes, aux moines bénédictins, aux adolescents curieux ou aux hommes courageux ; des morts apparaissent et obligent les vivants à les accueillir, à leur ménager une place dans un monde ébranlé par l’événement saisissant de leur surgissement ; des morts apparaissent – ce sont les fantômes

Pacific sand lance in the San Juan Archipelago: Synthesis of Research 2010-2015

Research developed in the Pelagic Ecosystem Function Apprenticeship at the University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories has led to the development of a six year time series on Pacific sand lance in the San Juan Archipelago. Although Pacific sand lance are one of the most important forage species through Northern Hemisphere marine systems, many unanswered questions remain about their abundance, distribution, habitat needs and constraints, life history, population structure, diet, diel and seasonal behaviors, and response to environmental conditions. Our research conducted in collaboration with 15 apprentices over six years has led to important insights on diet composition, experimental evidence of crepuscular behavior, acoustic data leading to insights on movements in relation to tides and currents on fine scales, trends in feeding and condition in response to environmental conditions and season progression, tagging results on movements between nearshore and offshore benthic habitats, and analyses of sediment association. Our results have demonstrated strong associations with certain types of benthic habitat and, in partnership with collaborators at the Moss Landing Labs, evaluated distribution for the species throughout the San Juan Channel. This talk will focus on diet and stable isotope results, sediment association and distribution and age structure of this important forage fish species in the central Salish Sea. The intent of this talk is not only to communicate results related to this research program but also explore possibilities for additional collaborations and to determine how this ongoing program might address information needs and priorities

Pacific sand lance in the San Juan Archipelago: Synthesis of Research 2010-2015

Research developed in the Pelagic Ecosystem Function Apprenticeship at the University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories has led to the development of a six year time series on Pacific sand lance in the San Juan Archipelago. Although Pacific sand lance are one of the most important forage species through Northern Hemisphere marine systems, many unanswered questions remain about their abundance, distribution, habitat needs and constraints, life history, population structure, diet, diel and seasonal behaviors, and response to environmental conditions. Our research conducted in collaboration with 15 apprentices over six years has led to important insights on diet composition, experimental evidence of crepuscular behavior, acoustic data leading to insights on movements in relation to tides and currents on fine scales, trends in feeding and condition in response to environmental conditions and season progression, tagging results on movements between nearshore and offshore benthic habitats, and analyses of sediment association. Our results have demonstrated strong associations with certain types of benthic habitat and, in partnership with collaborators at the Moss Landing Labs, evaluated distribution for the species throughout the San Juan Channel. This talk will focus on diet and stable isotope results, sediment association and distribution and age structure of this important forage fish species in the central Salish Sea. The intent of this talk is not only to communicate results related to this research program but also explore possibilities for additional collaborations and to determine how this ongoing program might address information needs and priorities