Comparative study of mandibular linear measurements obtained by cone beam computed tomography and digital calipers

Objectives: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an innovative dental of imaging system characterized by rapid volumetric imaging with patient exposure to a single dose of radiation. The present study was carried out to compare the linear measurements obtained with CBCT and digital caliper in 20 mandibles from human cadavers. Study design: A total of 4800 linear measurements were measured between different mandibular anatomical po - ints with CBCT and digital caliper. The real measurements were defined as those obtained with the digital caliper. Posteriorly, the mandibles were scanned to obtain the CBCT images, with software-based measurements of the distances. Results: The measurements obtained with the digital caliper were greater. The CBCT technique underestimated distances greater than 100 mm. Conclusions: CBCT allows to obtain linear mandibular anatomical measurements equivalent to those obtained with digital caliper. The differences existing between both methods were clinically acceptable

¿Por qué beben los jóvenes universitarios españoles? Análisis de la estructura del Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R)

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las motivaciones para consumir alcohol de los estudiantes universitarios a través de una adaptación del Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R, Grant, Stewart, O’Connor, Blackwell y Conrod, 2007). En el trabajo se explora la estructura factorial del instrumento y se relacionan los factores obtenidos con distintos índices de consumo de alcohol. La muestra utilizada estuvo compuesta por 250 estudiantes de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, menores de 30 años y que habían consumido alcohol alguna vez en el último año. Los resultados obtenidos permiten diferenciar tres factores motivacionales centrados en el logro de refuerzo positivo; el afrontamiento de estados emocionales negativos y con motivos relacionados con la conformidad grupal. La obtención de refuerzo positivo es la motivación principal en los jóvenes universitarios, siendo también la que se relaciona con un mayor número de índices de consumo (frecuencia de consumo, cantidad de bebidas consumidas, problemas con el alcohol). El factor de afrontamiento es menos frecuente y se relaciona con menos índices, pero su capacidad predictiva se centra en los patrones de consumo más problemáticos (cantidad de bebidas, problemas con el alcohol, conducir después de haber bebido). El factor de conformidad es el más infrecuente en los jóvenes universitarios y no predice signifi cativamente ningún tipo de consumo. En la discusión del trabajo se plantea la utilidad de evaluar las motivaciones subyacentes al consumo de alcohol como estrategia para identifi car a jóvenes que presentan mayores riesgos asociados al consumo de alcohol, así como las implicaciones de los resultados para el desarrollo de intervenciones específi cas dirigidas a prevenir los riesgos asociados al abuso de alcohol en jóvenesThe aim of this study is to analyze the motives for drinking alcohol in university students through an adaptation of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R, Grant, Stewart, O’Connor, Blackwell and Conrod, 2007). This work explores the factor structure of this instrument, as well as the associations between the factors identifi ed and several indexes of alcohol use. The sample was made up of 250 students at the University of Santiago de Compostela, aged under 30, who had used alcohol at least once in the last year. The results allow differentiation of three motivational factors focused respectively on obtaining positive reinforcement, coping with negative emotional states and achieving group conformity. “Obtaining positive reinforcement” is the main motive for the students, and it is also the motive which is related to a greater number of drinking indexes (frequency of use, number of drinks, problems with alcohol). The “coping” factor is endorsed less frequently and is related with fewer indexes, but its predictive power is centered on the more problematic drinking patterns (number of drinks, problems with alcohol, driving under infl uence of alcohol). The “conformity” factor is the most infrequent among the university students, and does not signifi cantly predict any kind of alcohol use. This work discusses the usefulness of assessing the motives underlying alcohol use as a strategy for identifying the young people with highest alcohol-related risks; the implications of results for specifi c prevention of alcohol-related risks are also discussedS

Diversidad de enemigos naturales de pulgones en cultivos de lechuga

Este trabajo ha sido subvencionado por la beca predoctoral del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología: AGL2003-0753-C03-01 y forma parte de la Tesis Doctoral de I. Morales (BES-2004-5217)

Valutazione della gestione dei sottoprodotti no destinati al consumo umano e provenienti dalla attività cinegetica, come misura di controllo sulla tubercolosi bovina, dovuta al numero elevato e al ruolo che hanno gli ungulati silvestri

Trabajo presentado al 35º Encuentro GEEFSM (Groupe d’Etudes sur l’Eco-pathologie de la Faune Sauvage de Montagne), celebrado en Cofrentes, Muela de Cortes (España) del 1 al 4 de junio de 2017.[ES]: La tuberculosis (TB) es una enfermedad de declaración obligatoria sometida a programas de erradicación en diferentes países europeos. Pese a los esfuerzos realizados, en determinadas regiones del centro-sur de España se ha producido un estancamiento o incluso un aumento en la prevalencia de TB en el ganado bovino en los últimos años. El incremento en las densidades de ungulados silvestres, así como el papel de estas especies como reservorios naturales de la TB, son factores potencialmente implicados en la persistencia de esta enfermedad en el ganado bovino en estas regiones. En respuesta a esta situación, el gobierno regional de Andalucía redactó la Orden del 2 de Mayo de 2012, que desarrolla las normas de control de subproductos animales no destinados al consumo humano en la práctica cinegética de caza mayor. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de dicha Orden como medida de control de la TB en ungulados silvestres en España. Durante las temporadas cinegéticas 2009/2010 a 2016/2017 se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de un total de 1181 jabalíes (Sus scrofa) y 1514 ciervos (Cervus elaphus), procedentes de 69 cotos de caza mayor en Andalucía. Así mismo, en Castilla-La Mancha (CLM, zona control), donde no tiene efecto la Orden del 2 de Mayo de 2012, se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de 330 jabalíes y 467 ciervos en 13 cotos geográficamente próximos a las áreas de muestreo de Andalucía, durante el mismo periodo. El 26,9% de los ungulados silvestres procedentes de Andalucía, así como el 61,9% de CLM, se muestrearon durante las temporadas cinegéticas 2009/2010 a 2012/2013, mientras que el 73,1% y el 38,8% de las muestras recogidas en Andalucía y CLM, respectivamente, se obtuvieron durante el periodo 2013/2014 a 2016/2017. La detección de anticuerpos frente a TB se realizó mediante ensayo inmunoenzimático “inhouse” (MPB83/P22-ELISA). Así mismo, se tomaron 112 muestras (91 jabalíes y 21 ciervos) de lesiones compatibles con TB en Andalucía. Estas muestras se sometieron a cultivo y espoligotipado. Un animal se consideró infectado por TB si mostró resultado positivo a ELISA o cultivo. En Andalucía, antes de la Orden (periodo 2009/2010 a 2012/2013), el 77,3% (177/229) de los jabalíes y el 10,7% (53/496) de ciervos fueron positivos a TB; mientras que el 47,7% (454/952) de los jabalíes y el 9,2% (94/1018) de los ciervos, presentaron seropositividad tras la implantación de la misma. En jabalí, la seroprevalencia fue significativamente mayor (P<0,001) antes de la implantación de la Orden. En ciervo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre periodos (P=0,210). En CLM, el 42,7% (96/225) de los jabalíes y el 10,8% (29/268) de los ciervos muestreados antes de la Orden, presentaron anticuerpos frente a TB; mientras que el 44,8% (47/105) de los jabalíes y el 11,6% (23/199) de los ciervos analizados tras su entrada en vigor, fueron seropositivos. En ninguna de las especies se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre animales muestreados antes y después de la Orden. La disminución significativa obtenida en la seroprevalencia en jabalí en Andalucía tras la implantación de la Orden, podría estar asociada al comportamiento carroñero de esta especie. Nuestros resultados indican que la gestión correcta de subproductos animales procedentes de la actividad cinegética de caza mayor, tiene una consecuencia directa en la disminución de la prevalencia de TB en las poblaciones de ungulados silvestres. Al igual que en Andalucía, la implementación de este tipo de medidas en otras regiones puede ser una herramienta complementaria para el control de la TB en fauna silvestre, e indirectamente, en especies domésticas simpátricas.Peer reviewe

Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Promotes Cardiac Remodeling in Myocardial Infarction through the Activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

We have evaluated cardiac function and fibrosis in infarcted male Wistar rats treated with MitoQ (50 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. A cohort of patients admitted with a first episode of acute MI were also analyzed with cardiac magnetic resonance and T1 mapping during admission and at a 12-month follow-up. Infarcted animals presented cardiac hypertrophy and a reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and E- and A-waves (E/A) ratio when compared to controls. Myocardial infarction (MI) rats also showed cardiac fibrosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation. Binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) levels, a marker of ER stress, were correlated with collagen I levels. MitoQ reduced oxidative stress and prevented all these changes without affecting the infarct size. The LVEF and E/A ratio in patients with MI were 57.6 ± 7.9% and 0.96 ± 0.34, respectively. No major changes in cardiac function, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), or LV mass were observed at follow-up. Interestingly, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were associated with the ECV in basal conditions. BiP staining and collagen content were also higher in cardiac samples from autopsies of patients who had suffered an MI than in those who had died from other causes. These results show the interactions between mitochondrial oxidative stress and ER stress, which can result in the development of diffuse fibrosis in the context of MI

De la impotencia al poder-no. Tópicos de la resistencia en la cultura iberoamericana

La pujante presencia de Iberoamérica en el ámbito geopolítico, así como en la literatura y las artes a nivel global, es indiscutible en nuestros días. A partir de ello, cobra vigencia analizar ciertos tópicos culturales de la demarcación. El marco teórico posestructuralista añade grandes posibilidades reflexivas al escrutinio investigativo. Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, junto con Giorgio Agamben son los principales pensadores que introducen los ejes paradigmáticos de los estudios aquí reunidos, los cuales son producto de la colaboración internacional entre académicos de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Medellín, Colombia, a través de la Red de investigación “Crítica a las manifestaciones del poder: violencia y resistencia”.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women

Eligibility criteria for Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): a position statement from a consortium of scientific societies for the use of MHT in women with medical conditions. MHT Eligibility Criteria Group

This project aims to develop eligibility criteria for menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). The tool should be similar to those already established for contraception A consortium of scientific societies coordinated by the Spanish Menopause Society met to formulate recommendations for the use of MHT by women with medical conditions based on the best available evidence. The project was developed in two phases. As a first step, we conducted 14 systematic reviews and 32 metanalyses on the safety of MHT (in nine areas: age, time of menopause onset, treatment duration, women with thrombotic risk, women with a personal history of cardiovascular disease, women with metabolic syndrome, women with gastrointestinal diseases, survivors of breast cancer or of other cancers, and women who smoke) and on the most relevant pharmacological interactions with MHT. These systematic reviews and metanalyses helped inform a structured process in which a panel of experts defined the eligibility criteria according to a specific framework, which facilitated the discussion and development process. To unify the proposal, the following eligibility criteria have been defined in accordance with the WHO international nomenclature for the different alternatives for MHT (category 1, no restriction on the use of MHT; category 2, the benefits outweigh the risks; category 3, the risks generally outweigh the benefits; category 4, MHT should not be used). Quality was classified as high, moderate, low or very low, based on several factors (including risk of bias, inaccuracy, inconsistency, lack of directionality and publication bias). When no direct evidence was identified, but plausibility, clinical experience or indirect evidence were available, "Expert opinion" was categorized. For the first time, a set of eligibility criteria, based on clinical evidence and developed according to the most rigorous methodological tools, has been defined. This will provide health professionals with a powerful decision-making tool that can be used to manage menopausal symptoms

Clinical utility of urinary gluten immunogenic peptides in the follow-up of patients with coeliac disease

[Background] Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment for patients with coeliac disease (CD) and its compliance should be monitored to avoid cumulative damage.[Aims] To analyse gluten exposures of coeliac patients on GFD for at least 24 months using different monitoring tools and its impact on duodenal histology at 12-month follow-up and evaluate the interval of determination of urinary gluten immunogenic peptides (u-GIP) for the monitoring of GFD adherence.[Methods] Ninety-four patients with CD on a GFD for at least 24 months were prospectively included. Symptoms, serology, CDAT questionnaire, and u-GIP (three samples/visit) were analysed at inclusion, 3, 6, and 12 months. Duodenal biopsy was performed at inclusion and 12 months.[Results] At inclusion, 25.8% presented duodenal mucosal damage; at 12 months, this percentage reduced by half. This histological improvement was indicated by a reduction in u-GIP but did not correlate with the remaining tools. The determination of u-GIP detected a higher number of transgressions than serology, regardless of histological evolution type. The presence of >4 u-GIP-positive samples out of 12 collected during 12 months predicted histological lesion with a specificity of 93%. Most patients (94%) with negative u-GIP in ≥2 follow-up visits showed the absence of histological lesions (p < 0.05).[Conclusion] This study suggests that the frequency of recurrent gluten exposures, according to serial determination of u-GIP, could be related to the persistence of villous atrophy and that a more regular follow-up every 6 months, instead of annually, provides more useful data about the adequate adherence to GFD and mucosal healing.This study was funded in part by Fundación Progreso y Salud, Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía (PI-0427-2017 and PI-0053-2018).Peer reviewe