77 research outputs found
Mutual Information Based Pilot Design for ISAC
The following paper presents a novel orthogonal pilot design dedicated for
dual-functional radar and communication (DFRC) systems performing multi-user
communications and target detection. After careful characterization of both
sensing and communication metrics based on mutual information (MI), we propose
a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) tailored for pilot design,
dedicated for simultaneously maximizing both sensing and communication MIs.
Moreover, the MOOP is further simplified to a single-objective optimization
problem, which characterizes trade-offs between sensing and communication
performances. Due to the non-convex nature of the optimization problem, we
propose to solve it via the projected gradient descent method on the Stiefel
manifold. Closed-form gradient expressions are derived, which enable execution
of the projected gradient descent algorithm. Furthermore, we prove convergence
to a fixed orthogonal pilot matrix. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities
and superiority of the proposed pilot design, and corroborate relevant
trade-offs between sensing MI and communication MI. In particular, significant
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains for communication are reported, while
re-using the same pilots for target detection with significant gains in terms
of probability of detection for fixed false-alarm probability. Other
interesting findings are reported through simulations, such as an
\textit{information overlap} phenomenon, whereby the fruitful ISAC integration
can be fully exploited
Advancing Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems through the Use of Computer Virtualization
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Robust Integrated Sensing and Communication Beamforming for Dual-functional Radar and Communications: Method and Insights
This work presents a novel robust beamforming design dedicated for
dual-functional radar and communication (DFRC) base stations (BSs) in the
context of integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). The architecture is
intended for circumstances with imperfect channel state information (CSI). Our
suggested approach demonstrates several tradeoffs for joint radar-communication
deployment. Due to the DFRC nature of the design, the beamformer can
simultaneously point towards an intended target, while optimizing communication
quality of service. We unveil several insights regarding closed form
expressions, as well as optimality of the proposed beamformer. Lastly,
simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ISAC
beamformer.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.0492
RIS-Enabled Integrated Sensing and Communication for 6G Systems
The following paper proposes a new target localization system design using an
architecture based on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and passive
radars (PRs) for integrated sensing and communications systems. The preamble of
the communication signal is exploited in order to perform target sensing tasks,
which involve detection and localization. The RIS in this case can aid the PR
in sensing targets that are otherwise not seen by the PR itself, due to the
many obstacles encountered within the propagation channel. Therefore, this work
proposes a localization algorithm tailored for the integrated sensing and
communications RIS-aided architecture, which is capable of uniquely positioning
targets within the scene. The algorithm is capable of detecting the number of
targets along with estimating the position of targets via angles and times of
arrival. Our simulation results demonstrate the performance of the localization
method in terms of different localization and detection metrics and for
increasing RIS sizes
On Hybrid Radar Fusion for Integrated Sensing and Communication
The following paper introduces a novel integrated sensing and communication
(ISAC) scenario termed hybrid radar fusion. In this setting, the
dual-functional radar and communications (DFRC) base station (BS) acts as a
mono-static radar in the downlink (DL), for sensing purposes, while performing
its DL communication tasks. Meanwhile, the communication users act as
distributed bi-static radar nodes in the uplink (UL) following a
frequency-division duplex protocol. The DFRC BS fuses the information available
at different DL and UL resource bands to estimate the angles-of-arrival (AoAs)
of the multiple targets existing in the scene. In this work, we derive the
maximum likelihood (ML) criterion for the hybrid radar fusion problem at hand.
Additionally, we design efficient estimators; the first algorithm is based on
an alternating optimization approach to solve the ML criterion, while the
second one designs an optimization framework that leads to an alternating
subspace approach to estimate AoAs for both the target and users. Finally, we
demonstrate the superior performance of both algorithms in different scenarios,
and the gains offered by these proposed methods through numerical simulations
Dual-Mode Time Domain Multiplexed Chirp Spread Spectrum
We propose a dual-mode (DM) time domain multiplexed (TDM) chirp spread
spectrum (CSS) modulation for spectral and energy-efficient low-power wide-area
networks (LPWANs). DM-CSS modulation that uses both the even and odd cyclic
time shifts has been proposed for LPWANs to achieve noteworthy performance
improvement over classical counterparts. However, its spectral efficiency (SE)
is half of the in-phase and quadrature (IQ)-TDM-CSS scheme that employs IQ
components with both up and down chirps, resulting in a SE that is four times
relative to Long Range (LoRa) modulation. Nevertheless, the IQ-TDM-CSS scheme
only allows coherent detection. Furthermore, it is also sensitive to carrier
frequency and phase offsets, making it less practical for low-cost
battery-powered LPWANs for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. DM-CSS uses
either an up-chirp or a down-chirp. DM-TDM-CSS consists of two chirped symbols
that are multiplexed in the time domain. One of these symbols consisting of
even and odd frequency shifts (FSs) is chirped using an up-chirp. The second
chirped symbol also consists of even and odd FSs, but they are chirped using a
down-chirp. It shall be demonstrated that DM-TDM-CSS attains a maximum
achievable SE close to IQ-TDM-CSS while also allowing both coherent and
non-coherent detection. Additionally, unlike IQ-TDM-CSS, DM-TDM-CSS is robust
against carrier frequency and phase offsets
Evaluating the Veterinarian Role in One Health Approach at Antimicrobial Resistance Perspectives, Jordan
Antimicrobials are widely used in human and veterinary medicine around the world for disease control and prevention. Due to inefficient or prolonged antimicrobial treatment, the microbes may become resistant, which will pose public health and socioeconomic threat, as it is transmitted to humans through the environment and food products. To address the potential health of AMR, WHO collaborated with OIE and FOA to implement the Global Action Plan and urged the member countries to develop a national plan, to combat AMR in all aspects. The Ministry of Health in Jordan has conducted the national plan for combatting AMR (2018-2022), in which the MOA and JVA play a critical role as stakeholders for intervening in the plan strategies in the animal health sector. This study aims to evaluate the role of the Jordanian veterinarianâs knowledge, attitudes, and practices in tackling AMR, as well as it will include the registered veterinary pharmaceutical products between 2017-2020. A web-based cross-sectional KAP survey link was distributed to the veterinarian who is registered in the JAV. Reports of the registered pharmaceutical products were obtained from JAV and then categorized into imported and produced drugs. The results were analyzed descriptively and showed that the average knowledge of the participant who had agreed with the statement that refers to the AMR definition was 84%. The majority (95.65%) considered AMR as a challenge for the veterinary sector in Jordan and should be prioritized beside other zoonotic diseases. A 68.70% of the participants believe that the misuse and overuse of antimicrobial by quacks, fraudulent and unauthorized practitioners are the main contributor to the AMR challenge, and the most common practices among them were recommending the customers (farmers, owners, etc..) to practice good animal husbandries (80.00%).To conclude, implementing antimicrobial resistance continual educational program is essential to improve the veterinarian knowledge in all aspects of AMR; to enhance their advisory skills. Also obligating legislations that ensure the veterinarian to prescribe the correct antimicrobials and improving the surveillance system to monitor the antimicrobial consumption in the veterinary field
Mutations with pathogenic potential in proteins located in or at the composite junctions of the intercalated disk connecting mammalian cardiomyocytes: a reference thesaurus for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies and for Naxos and Carvajal diseases
In the past decade, an avalanche of findings and reports has correlated arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathies (ARVC) and Naxos and Carvajal diseases with certain mutations in protein constituents of the special junctions connecting the polar regions (intercalated disks) of mature mammalian cardiomyocytes. These molecules, apparently together with some specific cytoskeletal proteins, are components of (or interact with) composite junctions. Composite junctions contain the amalgamated fusion products of the molecules that, in other cell types and tissues, occur in distinct separate junctions, i.e. desmosomes and adherens junctions. As the pertinent literature is still in an expanding phase and is obviously becoming important for various groups of researchers in basic cell and molecular biology, developmental biology, histology, physiology, cardiology, pathology and genetics, the relevant references so far recognized have been collected and are presented here in the following order: desmocollin-2 (Dsc2, DSC2), desmoglein-2 (Dsg2, DSG2), desmoplakin (DP, DSP), plakoglobin (PG, JUP), plakophilin-2 (Pkp2, PKP2) and some non-desmosomal proteins such as transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), ryanodine receptor 2 (RYR2), desmin, lamins A and C, striatin, titin and transforming growth factor-ÎČ3 (TGFÎČ3), followed by a collection of animal models and of reviews, commentaries, collections and comparative studies
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
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