Populismus online als Trend?: eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Beziehung zwischen der Nutzung von Social Network Sites und der Unterstützung von Populismus in Westeuropa

Das Verhältnis zwischen Populismus und der Medienwelt ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Aufmerksamkeitsbereich der kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Forschung gerückt (Noury & Roland, 2020; Scheufele, 2022; Spieß et al., 2020). Die sozialen Medien wurden in dieser Hinsicht bisher allerdings nur sporadisch untersucht (Blassnig et al., 2020; Ernst et al., 2017). Die vorliegende Arbeit betrachtet die Beziehung zwischen der Nutzung von Social Network Sites (SNS) und der Unterstützung von Populismus in Westeuropa, womit sie sich in diesen Forschungszweig einreiht. Zur Schaffung eines umfangreichen Überblicks hinsichtlich des bisherigen Erkenntnisstandes und zum Erreichen eines tiefgründigen Verständnisses weren die Ergebnisse von 30 Studien im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zusammengeführt und analysiert. Dabei kommt die Arbeit zu der Erkenntnis, dass die SNS- Nutzung positiv mit der Unterstützung von Populismus zusammenhängt. Es scheint sich allerdings um eine indirekte Beziehung zu handeln, welche von verschiedenen Komponenten, wie etwa dem landesspezifischem Kontext, der genutzten Plattform und der politischen Ausrichtung einer populistischen Bewegung beeinflusst wird. Im Kontext der SNS- Nutzung liegen zudem Mechanismen der selektiven Zuwendung vor. Diese äußern sich in den systematischen Verzerrungen der populistischen Publika sowie in der moderierenden Rolle bestehender populistischer Einstellungen. Die Beziehung erweist sich demnach als komplex und vielschichtig, weswegen sie im Rahmen zukünftiger Forschungsarbeiten ausgiebiger untersucht werden sollte

A protein conformational change associated with the photoreduction of the primary and secondary quinones in the bacterial reaction center

AbstractA comparison is made between the PQA → P+Q−A and PQAQB → P+QAQ−B transitions in Rps. viridis and Rb. sphaeroides reaction centers (RCs) by the use of light-induced Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy. In Rb. sphaeroides RCs, we identify a signal at 1650 cm−1 which is present in the P+QA-minus-PQA spectrum and not in the P+QAQ−B-minus-PQAQB spectrum. In contrast, this signal is present in both P+Q−A-minus-PQ−A and P+QAQ−B-minus-PQAQB spectra of Rps. viridis RCs. These data are interpreted in terms of a conformational change of the protein backbone near QA (possible at the peptide CO of a conserved alanine residue in the QA pocket) and of the different bonding interactions of QB with the protein in the RC of the two species

Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is poorly understood. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) allows non-invasive evaluation of ED, but has never been used for this purpose early after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). Our purpose was to analyze the relation between ED assessed by PAT and both the presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and infarct extension in STEMI patients. METHODS: ED was assessed by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), measured by PAT and defined as RHI <1.67. Infarct extension was assessed by troponin I (TnI) release and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (ceCMR). MVO was assessed by ceCMR and by indirect angiographic and ECG indicators. An echocardiogram was also performed in the first 12 h. RESULTS: We included 38 patients (mean age 60.0±13.7 years, 29 male). Mean RHI was 1.87±0.60 and 16 patients (42.1%) had ED. Peak TnI (median 118 mg/dl, IQR 186 vs. 67/81, p=0.024) and AUC of TnI (median 2305, IQR 2486 vs. 1076/1042, p=0.012) were significantly higher in patients with ED, who also showed a trend for more transmural infarcts (63.6% vs. 22.2%, p=0.06) and larger infarct mass on ceCMR (median 17.5%, IQR 15.4 vs. 10.1/10.3, p=0.08). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower and wall motion score index (WMSI) was higher on both echocardiogram and ceCMR in patients with ED. On ceCMR, MVO was more frequent in patients with RHI <1.67 (54.5% vs. 11.1%, p=0.03). ECG and angiographic indicators of MVO all showed a trend toward worse results in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of ED assessed by PAT 24 h after P-PCI in patients with STEMI is associated with larger infarcts, lower LVEF, higher WMSI and higher prevalence of MVO.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Planar computer tomography (PCT)

There is an increasing demand on testing various layers of a multi-layer Printed Circuit Board (PCB) assembly. Especially the soldered joints are often the reason for the malfunction of IC board. This problem cannot be solved by 2-dimensional testing devices because of an overlapping of two different components or soldered jounkts at double side assemblies. Also in the case of Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs), only tomographic inspection systems provide the required information. Classical Computer Tomography (CT) reconstruction is based on axial rotation of the inspected object. The planar geometry of PCBs presents a problem with the necessary axial rotation for the inspection of PCB. Lateral planar movement would be better suited than rotation necessary for classical CT. Since the algorithm of Planar Computer Tomography (PCT) is well suited for parallel computers and only a few projections are needed, a significant speed-up will be achieved compared with axial (CT) and other 3D inspection tech niques. As a future extension, it is planned to add the possibility of testing even electronic devices internally because all ICs, which were soldered directly on a PCB, face the risk of being damaged due to the high temperatures of the soldering process. Therefore a final inspection for cracks and delaminations becomes more and more necessary. As a result, resolution and reliability of such testing devices has to be improved significantly