COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF JEERAKADYA TAILA AND GANDHAKADYA TAILA ON PAMA (SCABIES) IN CHILDREN

In 21st century unhygienic condition, improper diet, polluted environment due to urbanization makes child more susceptible for various skin diseases. Among them Pama is highly contagious and commonest skin diseases mostly occurring in children. Pama is one of the types of Kshudra Kushtha as the ‘Kshudra’ word itself means not having more importance. Pama can be compared with scabies which is caused by parasite sarcoptes scabei having similar Clinical features. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Jeerakadya taila and Gandhakadya Taila in the management of Pama. Jeeraka, Rasasindhoor and Katu taila are having Kandughna and Kushthagna properties. It is used for external application only. Gandhakadya Taila contains the drugs Gandhak and Katu taila which are having Kusthaghna and Kandughna, Krumighna properties. It is also used for external application only. The aim of the study is to find out the Aetio- pathogenesis of Pama in children, compare the efficacy of Jeerakadya Taila and Gandhakadya taila on Pama in children, evaluate the efficacy of Jeerakadya Taila externally on Pama, to find out the efficacy of Gandhakadya taila externally on Pama. Minimum 60 diagnosed children with Pama (scabies) were randomly selected for the clinical study and divided into two groups. Group A (30) Group B (30) children were treated with external administration of Jeerakadhya taila, Gandhakadhya taila respectively in the dose of as per requirement depends upon the extension of lesions for a period of 7 days and was applied after bath and when child gets slept. The effect of both therapies on the symptoms of Pama was significant. However, the group B has provided comparatively more significant result, it may be because of Gandhakaday Taila contains Gandhak i.e. Sulphar in it and Sulphar is the best drug for Pama (scabies). Better results were found in group B rather than group A. The study suggests that external application of Gandhakadya Taila is quite suitable therapy than external application of Jeerakadya Taila in Pama

A CLINICAL STUDY OF MARICHA CHURNA AND PIPPALI MOOL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STANYAKSHAYA

Sthanya is the Updhatu of Rasa dhatu. Ayurveda explain the importance of Sthanya through its main function Pushti and Jeevan. Rasa DHATU is said to Addidhatu i.e. Prathamdhatu. If Rasa dhatu formation is disturbed, its Updhatusthanya is also get disturbed. In Stanyakshaya there is Kshaya due to Dhatukshaya and Dushti. In present study, “effect of Maricha pippalimool churna on Sthanyakshaya’’ has been designed by taking reference from Kashyapsamhita Ksheeroudpadya. The purpose is to analyse and evaluate the complete concept and its etiopathogenesis of Sthanyakshaya and treatment with Ikshumulkashya as whole in light of Ayurvedic and modern concept. The aim is to study causes of Stanyakshaya which occurs with different reasons prescribed in Ayurveda like Krodha, Shoka etc., and according to modern science stress, anaemia etc., and to determine the effectiveness of Maricha Pippalimool churna on galactagogue, improve the detail study about Stanyakshya from Ayurvedic and modern text. The drugs used for this clinical study are Maricha Churna, Pippalimool Churna. 60 patients clinically diagnosed as Stanyakshya patients were selected. Statistical analysis of the parameters: Socio-demographic profile, ejection breast milk, duration of breast feeding, according to Stanapurnatva, according to frequency of feeding, weight of infant, frequency of urine, sleep of infant was done. The drug “Maricha pippalimool churna” was given for 30 days. Significant increase in parameter had been observed during the study. There was increase in Stanya after application of drug “Maricha pippalimool churna” given in Stanyakshaya. This treatment does not show any toxicity and no side effects were seen during the follow up. This remedy is economical and easy to use, store and carry

Perspectives on carbon materials as powerful catalysts in continuous anaerobic bioreactors

Supplementary data related to this article can be found at http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.004.The catalytic effect of commercial microporous activated carbon (AC) and macroporous carbon nanotubes (CNT) is investigated in reductive bioreactions in continuous high rate anaerobic reactors, using the azo dye Acid Orange 10 (AO10) as model compound as electron acceptor and a mixture of VFA as electron donor. Size and concentration of carbon materials (CM) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) are assessed. CM increased the biological reduction rate of AO10, resulting in significantly higher colour removal, as compared to the control reactors. The highest efficiency, 98%, was achieved with a CNT diameter (d) lower than 0.25 mm, at a CNT concentration of 0.12 g per g of volatile solids (VS), a HRT of 10 h and resulted in a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 85%. Reducing the HRT to 5 h, colour and COD removal in CM-mediated bioreactors were above 90% and 80%, respectively. In the control reactor, thought similar COD removal was achieved, AO10 decolourisation was just approximately 20%, demonstrating the ability of CM to significantly accelerate the reduction reactions in continuous bioreactors. AO10 reduction to the correspondent aromatic amines was proved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Colour decrease in the reactor treating a real effluent with CNT was the double comparatively to the reactor operated without CNT. The presence of AC in the reactor did not affect the microbial diversity, as compared to the control reactor, evidencing that the efficient reduction of AO10 was mainly due to AC rather than attributed to changes in the composition of the microbial communities.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-006684). Raquel Pereira had a fellowship (SFRH/BD/ 72388/2010) and Luciana Pereira has the fellowship (SFRH/BPD/ 110235/2015) from FCT. The authors thank the FCT exploratory EXPL/AAG-TEC/0898/2013 project

A Cost Breakdown and Production Uncertainty Analysis of Additive Manufacturing : A Study of Low-Volume Components Produced with Selective Laser Melting

Background: Additive manufacturing has recently gained cogency as a final part manufacturing technique. The method uses a layer-upon-layer technique to build three-dimensional objects. This technique has many advantages creating new opportunities regarding production. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate cost elements, cost drivers, their weight distribution, and to explore production uncertainties of the additive manufacturing process. The production uncertainty parameters of the explored uncertainties are then evaluated to investigate how some of them impacts the production cost of the case component. Method: The following study have used qualitative data collection methods in terms of interviews together with a pre-study and a sensitivity analysis tool to identify cost impacts of uncertainty parameters. Five primary interviews were performed with employees at the company with relevant knowledge of the studied field. Results: The result shows that the product cost can be divided into two categories of material cost and manufacturing costs, these two categories then have different cost elements that drives cost. The explored uncertainties of the process consist of both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. The explored production uncertainty parameter that affects the final product cost the most is the time needed to finish the AM build. Conclusions: Considering production uncertainty is important in order to have reliable and accurate cost estimations. The three explored production uncertainties that have the most significant impact on the final product cost is the yearly machine running time, the SLM machine time needed to finish the component, and reduced manning time in the operations. These three uncertainty parameters should, therefore, have a larger focus than variables that do not have the same impact on the final product cost, to create better cost estimations.Bakgrund: Additiv tillverkning har på senaste tiden fått slagkraft som en produktionsteknik för slutprodukter. Additiv tillverkning använder en lager på lager teknik för att bygga tre-dimensionella objekt. Denna teknik har många fördelar som skapar många nya produktionsmöjligheter. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka kostnadselement, kostnadsdrivare, fördelningen av kostnader och att utforska produktionsosäkerheter inom additiv tillverkning. De utforskade osäkerhetsparametrarna inom processen är sedan studerade för att se hur de påverkar den slutgiltiga produktkostnaden. Metod: Följande studie har använt kvalitativa datainsamlingsmetoder i form av intervjuer tillsammans med en förstudie och ett utvecklat känslighetsanalysverktyg för att identifiera kostnadsförändringar på grund av förändringar i osäkerhetsparametrar. Fem stycken intervjuer har genomförts med anställda på företaget som har relevant kunskap inom området. Resultat: Resultatet visar att produktkostnaden kan delas upp i två kategorier, materialkostnad och tillverkningskostnad. Dessa två kategorier består sedan av olika kostnadselement som driver kostnader. De utforskade produktions osäkerheterna inom processen består av två typer av osäkerheter beskriven i teorin. Den produktionsosäkerhetsparameter som har störst påverkan på produktens slutkostnad är SLM maskintiden som krävs för att bygga komponenten. Slutsatser: Att beakta produktionsosäkerheter i kostnadsuppskattningar är viktigt för att uppskattningarna ska vara tillförlitliga och korrekta. De tre studerade produktionsosäkerheterna som har störst påverkan på den slutgiltiga produktionskostnaden är årlig maskinanvändning, SLM maskintiden som krävs för att bygga komponenten och bemanningstiden för operationerna. Dessa tre osäkerhetsparametrar bör därför ha ett större fokus eftersom de har störts påverkan på slutresultatet

Cross-docking Centre Location in a Supply Chain Network: A Social Network Analysis Approach

The level of uncertainty, unpredictability and complexity is magnified in a food supply chain as compared to the conventional supply chains such as automobile and FMCG. This is mainly because of the short product shelf life and the need of high variety. This necessitates the food industry to adopt various quick response systems to achieve effective supply chain management. The situation becomes even more critical when dealing with humanitarian relief operations where time window is very short (usually 24 hours). One of the solutions which are adopted in modern food supply chains is to locate cross-docking centre (CDC). Cross-docking is used to reduce the turnaround time of the food products. The practical situation is complex as it caters to multiple customers. The number of suppliers, in such cases, plays a significant role. Selection of a right CDC is, therefore, a crucial task. It is a strategic decision and needs to be taken by considering the relationships between each stakeholder present in the supply chain. In this article, we present an approach to select one (or few) CDC/s facilities among n CDCs. The method is based on the relationship between each actor (actors are the stakeholders in the supply chain). The relationship is in terms of the physical flow of materials or information flow or another kind of flows or relationships that connects them to form a network. These network characteristics are required to find out key stakeholders. The present article proposes the application of social network analysis (SNA) to analyse the characteristics of the network, thus helping supply chain managers to locate strategic CDCs considering both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The proposed methodology can be easily extended to locate temporary warehouse site in the context of humanitarian relief operations. </jats:p

Clinical experience of total body irradiation performed on Halcyon™ for a patient diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia

We aim to publish/document a clinically novel case of total body irradiation (TBI) performed on the Halcyon™. A 21-year-old gentleman diagnosed with high-risk tp53-positive acute myeloid leukemia planned for haploidentical bone marrow transplant post-chemotherapy following which he was declared minimal residual disease, negative was referred for TBI. The patient was placed in the supine position, arms by side with feet together. Immobilization was achieved using a full-body Vac-Lok. Two CT images of the cranial and caudal body parts were acquired. The PTV comprised the whole body minus 3 mm. The prescribed dose was 3 Gy in a single fraction. To achieve the desired dose distribution, we used 15 isocenters. Constraints were given to spare lungs and kidneys. The final plan was evaluated where 90% of the dose is received by 95% of volume, whereas lungs and kidneys received 80% of the prescribed dose, maximum dose of &lt;130% of the prescribed dose is received by 2 cc of whole-body volume. The total time taken for delivering a single fraction is 1 h 15 min. This is the first known reported clinical treatment of TBI on Halcyon machine amidst available medical literature.</jats:p