Protester contre le marché : du geste individuel à l’action collective:Le cas du mouvement anti-publicitaire

La contestation sociale contre les formes de domination associées au marché prend de multiples formes aujourd’hui dans le monde : le boycott, les achats responsables, les gestes écologistes, le détournement publicitaire, les pétitions envoyés aux élus. L’article analyse le cas de la protestation anti-publicitaire en France. Celle-ci propose un répertoire d’actions très hétérogène, allant du geste individuel et quotidien à l’action de groupe, tout en construisant des formats d’action standardisés. Elle peut ainsi recruter des militants dans des réseaux larges de la contestation sociale, attirés par son répertoire d’action spécifique. L’action anti-publicitaire fournit une grille de lecture de la contestation sociale contre le marché qui s’articule à la fois sur des collectifs associatifs fournissant des cadres collectifs, mais également sur des réseaux militants très labiles en quête d’actions plus concrètes.In recent years, protests against the market have relied on actions as diverse as boycotts, ecological initiatives, ethical buying, “culture jamming”, or petitions addressed to elected officials. This article discusses the case of one of these social movements : anti-advertising groups in France. While anti-advertising groups offer a large repertoire of heterogeneous actions – ranging from day-to-day individual practices to organized protests – they also construct and diffuse specific, standardized forms of action. Anti-advertising actions thus appeal to a wide array of social activists and movements, providing them with a common platform for protest. We argue that the very forms of anti-advertising actions allow for the juncture between social movement organizations, which help frame mobilizations, and fluid networks of activists, searching opportunities for collective actions against the market

La réforme comme opportunité professionnelle ?:Autonomie des établissements et montée en puissance des cadres administratifs des universités

Cet article analyse le rôle joué par les cadres administratifs des universités françaises dans la mise en œuvre de la loi Libertés et responsabilités des universités de 2007. Il vise à combler un point aveugle de la littérature sur les transformations des bureaucraties professionnelles, qui a largement négligé l’analyse des fonctions de support administratif, alors même que celles-ci peuvent être l’un des vecteurs privilégiés de logiques managériales. Porteurs d’un « esprit de mission » gestionnaire, une partie de ces cadres saisissent l’opportunité de la réforme pour rationaliser l’administration des établissements et consolider leurs propres capacités d’action. Toutefois, loin de remettre en cause l’autorité des dirigeants universitaires, ils cherchent à se légitimer en développant des registres d’intervention distincts et en œuvrant au renforcement du pouvoir de ces derniers.Institutional autonomy and the rise of administrators in French universities Following an extensive reform of university governance in 2007, this article analyzes the changing role of professional administrators in French universities, such as heads of administrative services, functional experts and support staff managers. Drawing on two case studies, it addresses a blind spot in the literature on public sector professional bureaucracies, which has largely overlooked the role that support staff may play in the development of managerialism in public institutions. The reform provided space allowing these actors to promote the rationalization and the centralization of university administrations. While this process vastly increased their influence over organizational sub-units within universities, they have been cautious not to challenge the authority and role of academic leaders in university governance. In order to legitimize their action, they have positioned themselves as management experts serving the goals of academic leaders by tightening budgetary control and providing resources at the disposal of university presidencies

Protester contre le marché : du geste individuel à l’action collective:Le cas du mouvement anti-publicitaire

La contestation sociale contre les formes de domination associées au marché prend de multiples formes aujourd’hui dans le monde : le boycott, les achats responsables, les gestes écologistes, le détournement publicitaire, les pétitions envoyés aux élus. L’article analyse le cas de la protestation anti-publicitaire en France. Celle-ci propose un répertoire d’actions très hétérogène, allant du geste individuel et quotidien à l’action de groupe, tout en construisant des formats d’action standardisés. Elle peut ainsi recruter des militants dans des réseaux larges de la contestation sociale, attirés par son répertoire d’action spécifique. L’action anti-publicitaire fournit une grille de lecture de la contestation sociale contre le marché qui s’articule à la fois sur des collectifs associatifs fournissant des cadres collectifs, mais également sur des réseaux militants très labiles en quête d’actions plus concrètes.In recent years, protests against the market have relied on actions as diverse as boycotts, ecological initiatives, ethical buying, “culture jamming”, or petitions addressed to elected officials. This article discusses the case of one of these social movements : anti-advertising groups in France. While anti-advertising groups offer a large repertoire of heterogeneous actions – ranging from day-to-day individual practices to organized protests – they also construct and diffuse specific, standardized forms of action. Anti-advertising actions thus appeal to a wide array of social activists and movements, providing them with a common platform for protest. We argue that the very forms of anti-advertising actions allow for the juncture between social movement organizations, which help frame mobilizations, and fluid networks of activists, searching opportunities for collective actions against the market

Liberté, responsabilité … et centralisation des universités

Ce rapport s'interroge sur les implications de la transformation des pratiques de fonctionnement sur la gouvernance des universités : "les services centraux ressortent-ils affaiblis ou renforcés ? Les processus de décision ont-ils été rationalisés et selon quels principes ? Les responsabilités ont-elles été décentralisées ou centralisées ?" (Extrait de l'Introduction)En collaboration avec S. Billows, E. Bigand, P. l Braun, S. Dary, O. Hexel, H. McAvay, M. Wulf

La réforme comme opportunité professionnelle ?: Autonomie des établissements et montée en puissance des cadres administratifs des universités

Institutional autonomy and the rise of administrators in French universities Following an extensive reform of university governance in 2007, this article analyzes the changing role of professional administrators in French universities, such as heads of administrative services, functional experts and support staff managers. Drawing on two case studies, it addresses a blind spot in the literature on public sector professional bureaucracies, which has largely overlooked the role that support staff may play in the development of managerialism in public institutions. The reform provided space allowing these actors to promote the rationalization and the centralization of university administrations. While this process vastly increased their influence over organizational sub-units within universities, they have been cautious not to challenge the authority and role of academic leaders in university governance. In order to legitimize their action, they have positioned themselves as management experts serving the goals of academic leaders by tightening budgetary control and providing resources at the disposal of university presidencies.Cet article analyse le rôle joué par les cadres administratifs des universités françaises dans la mise en œuvre de la loi Libertés et responsabilités des universités de 2007. Il vise à combler un point aveugle de la littérature sur les transformations des bureaucraties professionnelles, qui a largement négligé l’analyse des fonctions de support administratif, alors même que celles-ci peuvent être l’un des vecteurs privilégiés de logiques managériales. Porteurs d’un « esprit de mission » gestionnaire, une partie de ces cadres saisissent l’opportunité de la réforme pour rationaliser l’administration des établissements et consolider leurs propres capacités d’action. Toutefois, loin de remettre en cause l’autorité des dirigeants universitaires, ils cherchent à se légitimer en développant des registres d’intervention distincts et en œuvrant au renforcement du pouvoir de ces derniers

Linear stability analysis in rotating frames and its application to fan blade transition prediction

A linear stability solver has been extended to rotating frames. The theoretical details of the linear stability theory in rotating frames are given. Validation is performed by comparing against the well-known Ekman layer case. Moreover, two new compressible validation cases are proposed for which very good agreement is well obtained. Linear stability analysis is then performed on a rotating fan blade with incoming flow, which is obtained by means of a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computation. By neglecting or taking into account rotation in the linear stability equations, the effect of rotation on transition mechanisms is investigated. Moreover, N factors are computed for transition prediction. The present results show that rotation hardly modifies the growth rate of Tollmien–Schlichting instabilities. However, rotation destabilizes stationary crossflow waves, but not enough to trigger transition

Linear stability analysis in rotating frames and its application to fan blade transition prediction

The in-house linear stability solver of ONERA has been extended to rotating frames. The theoretical details of linear stability theory in rotating frames are given. Validation is performed by comparing against the well-known Ekman layer case. Moreover, two new compressible validation cases are proposed for which very good agreement is as well obtained. Linear stability analysis is then performed on a flow around a rotating fan blade, obtained by means of RANS computation. By neglecting or taking into account rotation in the linear stability equations, the effect of rotation on transition mechanisms is investigated. Moreover, N-factors are computed for transition prediction. The present results show that rotation hardly modifies the growth-rate of Tollmien-Schlichting instabilities. However, rotation destabilizes stationary cross-flow waves but not enough to trigger transition

CO2 Adsorption/Desorption in FAU Zeolite Nanocrystals: In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction and in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Study

International audienceThe host–guest and guest–guest interactions governing the CO2 adsorption/desorption in two nanosized zeolite samples with FAU framework type and different Si/Al ratios (Na–X Si/Al = 1.24 and Na–Y Si/Al = 2.54) and cation distribution were investigated by in situ synchrotron high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The two complementary techniques allow probing the CO2 adsorption/desorption in the FAU zeolites at different levels, that is, average structure by XRPD versus local structure by FTIR spectroscopy . The presence of physisorbed CO2 molecules in both zeolites was detected by XRPD, whereas only a high amount of chemisorbed CO2 in the Na–X zeolite was found. The presence of unshielded Na cations and H2O molecules in the supercage of the Na–X sample induces the formation of stable bidentate bicarbonate groups. Evacuating CO2-loaded samples resulted in the efficient removal of physisorbed CO2 from both nanosized zeolites; on the contrary, high temperature is required to remove the chemisorbed species from the nanosized Na–X zeolite. Understanding the CO2 sorption behavior and capacity of nanosized zeolites is of great importance in broadening their use in environmental, clinical, and biomedical applications