Sex and tree rings: Females neither grow less nor are less water-use efficient than males in four dioecious tree species

Females of woody dioecious species usually expend more resources on reproduction than males. Therefore, it is expected that females incur greater costs of reproduction than males, and, as a result, trade-offs between reproduction and growth should emerge. The aim of this study is to test those hypotheses by analyzing the differences between genders regarding radial growth (basal area increment) and wood carbon isotope composition (d13C), a proxy of water-use efficiency. We compared these two variables in males and females of four dioecious tree species inhabiting drought-prone Mediterranean sites in Spain (Pistacia terebinthus, Ilex aquifolium, Juniperus thurifera and Ailanthus altissima). We analyzed the influence of sex on the radial growth patterns throughout the tree life considering the growth stage of individuals, the differences in the response of genders to climate variables (air temperature, precipitation and drought severity), and the d13C during a severe drought period. One site was studied for each species and 21–33 trees per species were sampled in each site. No differences in growth were found between genders for any of the four species throughout their life span. No significant interactions between gender and precipitation were found, although A. altissima males were more responsive to summer (June-July) temperature. No differences in d13C were found between genders excepting for P. terebinthus, indicating that the males of this species show a less efficient water use during drought events than the females. These results do not support the broad assumption that females of woody dioecious plants show lower growth and are less water-use efficient than males or that they respond differently to precipitation variability, except for P. terebinthus during drought events. Further analyses could be performed in other dioecious species inhabiting seasonally dry regions to confirm or reject our conclusions

Drought constrains acorn production and tree growth in the Mediterranean holm oak and triggers weak legacy effects

Droughts are becoming more frequent in the Mediterranean basin due to warmer conditions. Droughts negatively impact forests growth for several years, often generating negative legacies or carryover effects. However, these legacies differ among tree species, sites and drought characteristics and have been mainly studied considering tree growth or canopy greenness, but ignoring reproductive phenomena. Here, we compare the legacy effects of drought on acorn and male inflorescence production and radial growth by using a 19-year series of 150 Quercus ilex individuals in three stands located in north-eastern Spain. We evaluate the relationships between monthly climate variables, tree-ring width, acorn production and male inflorescence production. For the two driest years considered (2005 and 2012), when very few acorns were produced, we did not find negative legacy effects on acorn production in the three years following droughts. The production of male inflorescences did not show any significant legacy after drought, although its annual variation was related to the climatic conditions of the year before acorn ripening. Acorn production was higher than expected for some of these years, apparently following the pattern of tree growth recovery with a certain lag. This compensatory response of acorn production differed between the two analysed droughts, in accordance with different conditions of drought timing and post-drought climate conditions. Even though few negative legacy effects of growth and acorn production were found, we confirmed the negative effect of drought stress on tree growth and acorn production, linked to dry winter conditions. Our findings confirm that drought features (timing, duration, intensity) and post-drought climate conditions influence tree growth and reproduction legacies

Response of Tuber melanosporum fruiting to canopy opening in a PinusQuercus forest

[EN] The wild production of the highly appreciated fungus Tuber melanosporum is negatively affected by canopy closure in the stand. Habitat improvement has been proposed as a tool to recover the production in close forests, but evaluations based on scientific monitoring are still lacking. This study analyses the short-term effect of a pilot project on improvement of T. melanosporum reproduction habitat. The results support the project hypothesis that the canopy closure was hampering truffle fruiting in the larger brines. The silvicultural treatment alone has not triggered a clear positive response in all the truffieres, suggesting that complementary actions are necessary to ensure their sustainability. Weather conditions provoke a year-to-year variation in the fruiting and determine the responsiveness of the truffieres to the treatment. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Conselleria de Medi Ambient (Generalitat Valenciana) and VAERSA. CEAM is partly supported by Generalitat Valenciana, Fundacion Bancaja and the projects GRACCIE (Consolider-Ingenio 2010) and FEEDBACKS (Prometeo-Generalitat Valenciana).Garcia Barreda, S.; Reyna Domenech, S. (2013). Response of Tuber melanosporum fruiting to canopy opening in a PinusQuercus forest. Ecological Engineering. 53:54-60. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.006S54605

Lack of linkages among fruiting depth, weight, and maturity in irrigated truffle fungi marks the complexity of relationships among morphogenetic stages

The highly prized black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) has become a model species for ectomycorrhizal fungi biology. However, several questions concerning its reproductive phase remain unanswered. To provide new hypotheses on the fruitbody formation process, we have explored the causal links among development characters of black truffle fruitbodies that are primarily linked to either the mating process, fruitbody growing stage, or maturation. Path analysis was applied to test causal models outlining the relationships among fruitbody development characters such as fruiting depth, weight, shape, and spore maturity. These characters were investigated over a two-season survey and three soil typologies (plus peat-based substrate) under irrigated conditions. We found a clear and generalized relationship between fruitbody weight and shape. Among clusters of fruitbodies we found a positive relationship between the weight of the largest fruitbody and the weight of the remaining fruitbodies. However, no generalized relationships among characters linked to different development stages appeared. Our results were noticeably consistent across soil typologies, both for fruitbodies growing singly and in clusters, indicating that early-developing fruitbody characters did not influence characters linked to subsequent morphogenetic stages. The lack of links among stages opens new perspectives for pre-harvest quality management with stage-specific cultivation practices

DESAFIOS PARA A CONTINUIDADE DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM TEMPO DE PANDEMIA NA FRONTEIRA

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os desafios impostos para a continuidade da formação de professores do curso de Letras Português/ Espanhol da UFMS, no Campus do Pantanal. O contexto temporal transita entre antes da pandemia, sua deflagração e continuidade ao longo de 2020. As práticas docentes demarcadas pelas restrições impostas pelo isolamento social e a consequente adoção do Ensino Remoto Emergencial evidenciam vulnerabilidades sociais, econômicas, educativas, entre outras, que emergem no cotidiano e provocam a necessidade de rever metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como a readequar os posicionamentos e expectativas dos agentes envolvidos no processo educacional

DESAFIOS PARA A CONTINUIDADE DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES EM TEMPO DE PANDEMIA NA FRONTEIRA

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os desafios impostos para a continuidade da formação de professores do curso de Letras Português/ Espanhol da UFMS, no Campus do Pantanal. O contexto temporal transita entre antes da pandemia, sua deflagração e continuidade ao longo de 2020. As práticas docentes demarcadas pelas restrições impostas pelo isolamento social e a consequente adoção do Ensino Remoto Emergencial evidenciam vulnerabilidades sociais, econômicas, educativas, entre outras, que emergem no cotidiano e provocam a necessidade de rever metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como a readequar os posicionamentos e expectativas dos agentes envolvidos no processo educacional

PANORAMA DO CASTELHANO BOLIVIANO NA FRONTEIRA BOLÍVIA-BRASIL

The goal of this paper is to develop bibliographical research on Bolivian Castilian, contrasting the colla and camba varieties present at the Puerto Quijarro (Bolivia) - Corumbá (Brazil) border. This is a linguistic study that begins presenting a brief history of the varieties of Bolivian Castilian regarding their phonetic and morphological aspects – which invisible in schools at the border, although they are present in the speech of Bolivian students who attend the Brazilian schools. Callisaya Apaza (2012), Coello Vila (1996) and Mendoza Quiroga (2015) provide the basis for studies about Bolivian Castilian. Franco and Gottret (2022), Sanabria Fernández (2008) and Roca (2007) contribute studies about Colla and Camba Castilian. Camba is found in advertising and in social media, among other places colloquial language is used for communication with the target audience. The examples provided here were posted on social media.O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o castelhano boliviano, contrastando as variedades colla e camba presentes na fronteira Puerto Quijarro (Bolívia) e Corumbá (Brasil). Trata-se de um estudo linguístico que se inicia com uma breve  história das variedades do castelhano boliviano, nos aspectos fonético e morfológico, as mesmas que estão invisibilizadas no âmbito  educativo fronteiriço mencionado, embora estejam presentes no falar dos alunos de origem boliviana que frequentam as escolas brasileiras. Callisaya Apaza (2012), Coello Vila (1996), e Mendoza Quiroga (2015) balizam os estudos sobre o castelhano boliviano. Franco e Gottret (2022), Sanabria Fernández (2008) e Roca (2007) contribuem com os estudos sobre o castelhano colla e camba. Esse último encontra-se materializado no ramo publicitário e nas redes sociais, entre outros meios que, por vezes, utilizam a linguagem coloquial na comunicação com o público alvo. Neste trabalho são expostos exemplos veiculados em uma rede social

Glyphosate treatments for weed control affect early stages of root colonization by Tuber melanosporum but not secondary colonization

The cultivation of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum has considerably spread in recent years throughout the world. During the first years of truffle cultivation, weed control is a key practice to improve the establishment of host trees and the proliferation of the fungus in the soil. Glyphosate is nowadays the most commonly used herbicide in Spanish truffle orchards. We explored the effect of glyphosate on the proliferation of T. melanosporum mycorrhizae, on extraradical mycelium and on the inoculum potential of T. melanosporum spores in greenhouse experiments using Quercus ilex seedlings as host plants. No detrimental effect on the secondary infection of T. melanosporum was found after three sequential glyphosate applications in young seedlings during one vegetative period. Instead, a change in the distribution of fine roots and T. melanosporum mycorrhizae along soil depth was observed. On the other hand, results indicate that high application rates of glyphosate hinder the infectivity of T. melanosporum spore inoculum, without apparent impact on the host performance. Our results suggest that glyphosate has the potential to jeopardise the role of the soil spore bank as inoculum source for the colonisation of new roots, also raising the question of whether glyphosate could hinder the presumed role of spores in sexual mating.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Selectividad y eficacia de algunos herbicidas en viveros de planta aromática ornamental

Se han realizado unos ensayos preliminares de selectividad a los herbicidas diuron, isoxaben, metazacioro y propizamida, en las aromáticas tomillo común, tomillo aurea, lavanda, cantueso, lavandín híbrido, romero, orégano, salvia, hierbabuena y santolina. Los tratamientos se efectuaron a esquejes ya enraizados recien transplantados

Selectividad y eficacia de algunos herbicidas en vivero de planta forestal

Se ha realizado un ensayo, con el fin de evaluar la selectividad y eficacia de los herbicidas simazina, isoxaben y tiazopir a cuatro especies forestales en condiciones de vivero. Los tratamientos se efectuaron en preemergencia de las adventicias y pre-nascencia del cultivo sobre Quercus ilex L., Pinus halepensis Mill., Pinus pinea L. y Pistacia terebinthus L. A las dosis empleadas, simazina, isoxaben y la mezcla de ambos, han resultado selectivos para todas las especies, mientras que tiazopir provocó diferentes grados de fitotoxicidad según especies y su control sobre malas hierbas no fue adecuad