Moving down the energy ladder: In-utero temperature and fuel choice in adulthood

Una serie de estudios recientes muestran que las condiciones climáticas durante la gestación pueden tener impactos persistentes en la educación y el acceso al mercado laboral, especialmente en el caso de las mujeres. Sin embargo, aún no se ha investigado a profundidad las consecuencias de estos impactos sobre las elecciones y el comportamiento durante la adultez. Para contribuir a cerrar esta brecha, utilizo datos de más de 200,000 hogares en Perú y muestro que la temperatura promedio durante la gestación afecta el uso de combustibles tradicionales para cocinar, pero no para iluminación. Tampoco afecta la probabilidad de combinar combustibles modernos y tradicionales. El análisis de los mecanismos sugiere que el ingreso es un canal más importante que la educación. Además, los efectos de la temperatura en útero desaparecen entre beneficiarias de un programa de transferencias monetarias.A growing literature shows that weather conditions during gestation can have persistent impacts on education and income, especially among females. However, the consequences of these impacts on behavior and choices during adulthood are still underexplored. To shed light on this issue, I use survey data for over 200,000 households in Peru and find that average temperature during gestation affects fuel choice during adulthood among women, with extensive margin increases in the use of dirty cooking fuels, but no changes in the likelihood of fuel stacking. Analysis of the mechanisms suggests that female head’s income may be a more important driver than education. Supporting this argument, I show that the effects of in-utero temperature disappear among female beneficiaries of a conditional cash transfer program

Behavioral inattention and human capital accumulation

I use data from a standardized test applied to second and eighth graders in rural Peru to show that inability to correctly interpret test scores can affect schooling outcomes persistently. Marginally classifying as “remedial” in second grade math reduces rural males’ eighth grade scores by 0.18 standard deviations, compared to students that obtained marginally higher scores and were classified as “in transition” in second grade. Since students, parents, and teachers receive both the score and the label attached to it, this is evidence of behavioral inattention. Besides being the first study to provide evidence of behavioral inattention in human capital accumulation in a developing country setting, this study provides novel evidence on the mechanisms at play. I show that results owe to classroom environment and household resource reallocation. Rural males who barely classified as remedial in second grade are more likely to work, have fewer books available at home, and perceive a more negative classroom environment by eighth grade than those who obtained marginally higher scores. These findings have important implications for educational policy, in particular to the communication of standardized test scores.Tesi

On the peer effects of star students

We estimate the effect that star students have on their siblings’ learning outcomes, measured by their high school grade point average (GPA) and their math grades. To this end, we couple administrative school data on grades with an unusual natural experiment in Peru that generates exogenous variation in the presence of star students at home. We find that star students increase their siblings’ GPA by 0.33 SDs and their math grades by 0.22 SDs. The effect size is inversely related to number of siblings, suggesting that the remaining siblings act as substitutes for the star student

Mapping the Late Miocene Pyrenean forests of the la Cerdanya Basin, Spain

The Late Miocene palaeofloras of the La Cerdanya Basin represent a unique look into the Pyrenean Miocene forested areas of the Iberian Peninsula at a time when the European warm and humid climate was experiencing progressive cooling and aridification. Macrofossils (leaves, seeds, fruits and cones) and miospores from several outcrops revealed the composition and abundances of the different plant species present in the area during the Tortonian and early Messinian geological stages (ca. 11.1–5.7 Ma). These fossils were found in the sediment deposits of an ancient lake system situated in the southwestern part of the basin. Previous studies indicated the presence of highly diversified mixed mesophytic forests with broadleaved evergreen and deciduous trees and conifers. However, the spatial structure and distribution of these forest types remains unknown. In the present work, the biomization method was used to infer the different late Miocene vegetation types from the basin. The extent of these vegetation types was calculated using a methodology for mapping vegetation units from fossil and biome data. While previous attempts at mapping Miocene vegetation units had a broad geographical scale, the present work aimed to map the extent of the vegetation units at a small scale, recreating local and specific vegetation changes in an abrupt basin. Results showed similarly high scores between for four biome types, which represent the different types of vegetation that coexisted in the basin during the Tortonian and the early Messinian: warm-temperate evergreen broadleaf and mixed woodlands (WTEM biome), temperate deciduous forests (TEDE) and cool conifer forests (COMX and COEG). Their extent was depicted in two vegetation maps, which account for differences in palaeoaltitude and palaeoclimate. These forests occupied different vegetation belts, which shifted upwards and downwards with climatic variations and the progressive uplift of the Pyrenees during the late Miocene. Azonal riparian forests and wetland vegetation occupied the more humid areas in the centre of the basin. Nonetheless, dry conditions during the early Messinian and decrease in the lake area degraded the wetland environments, which were partially replaced by broadleaved evergreen mixed woodlands

Determining and Characterizing the Reused Text for Plagiarism Detection

An important task in plagiarism detection is determining and measuring similar text portions between a given pair of documents. One of the main difficulties of this task resides on the fact that reused text is commonly modified with the aim of covering or camouflaging the plagiarism. Another difficulty is that not all similar text fragments are examples of plagiarism, since thematic coincidences also tend to produce portions of similar text. In order to tackle these problems, we propose a novel method for detecting likely portions of reused text. This method is able to detect common actions performed by plagiarists such as word deletion, insertion and transposition, allowing to obtain plausible portions of reused text. We also propose representing the identified reused text by means of a set of features that denote its degree of plagiarism, relevance and fragmentation. This new representation aims to facilitate the recognition of plagiarism by considering diverse characteristics of the reused text during the classification phase. Experimental results employing a supervised classification strategy showed that the proposed method is able to outperform traditionally used approaches. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was done under partial support of CONACyT project Grants: 134186, and Scholarships: 258345/224483. This work is the result of the collaboration in the framework of the WIQEI IRSES project (Grant No. 269180) within the FP 7 Marie Curie. The work of the last author was in the framework of the VLC/CAMPUS Microcluster on Multimodal Interaction in Intelligent Systems.Sánchez-Vega, F.; Villatoro-Tello, E.; Montes-Y-Gómez, M.; Villaseñor-Pineda; Luis; Rosso, P. (2013). Determining and Characterizing the Reused Text for Plagiarism Detection. Expert Systems with Applications. 40(5):1804-1813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.09.021S1804181340

Propuesta del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable en el asentamiento humano Santísima Cruz de Sacachispa – Huaral

La presente investigación tuvo como principal objetivo realizar la propuesta del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable para el Asentamiento Humano Santísima Cruz de Sacachispa - Huaral”. La metodología empleada fue de tipo descriptiva con un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo), con un diseño no experimental transversal. Es por ello que se evaluó tomar como fuente de agua la red pública EMAPA, las proyecciones para el diseño de la población abastecer futura se estimó con el método de SUNASS con un tiempo de proyección de 20 años, tomando datos estadísticos basados en encuestas propias y por datos estadísticos del INEI, el diseño de la red en base a las normativas de edificaciones del Perú, es por ello que se determinó un diseño de aducción hasta la cisterna ubicada en la cota 220 m.s.n.m. donde por un sistema de bombas en serie con una red de impulsión llega al reservorio ubicado en la cota 290 m.s.n.m. del asentamiento humano, siendo la cota más alta y aprovechar la topografía para plantear la red de distribución por gravedad y desarrollar la modelación en el software Watercad en base a teoremas hidráulicos de diseño. Las conclusiones obtenidas arrojaron que el diseño del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable fue factible debido a que las presiones de dotación de llegada fueron de 15 m.c.a y de la red de distribución oscilan dentro 11m.c.a y 22m.c.a, que se encuentran en el parámetro adecuado al RNE – ISO 010 Y ISO 030. Por último, el tipo de tubería que se selecciona es de clase 10 que aguantará hasta a 50 m.c.a. donde se determinó que las velocidades de flujo de diseño oscilarán entre 0.76m/s y 3.10 m/s

Characterization of volatile compounds of cooked wild Iberian red deer meat extracted with solid phase microextraction and analysed by capillary gas chromatography- mass spectrometry

Wild Iberian red deer meat demand and interest are increasing and, therefore, an in-depth characterization of meat quality is needed to meet consumer demands. The objective of the present work was to assess, for the first time, the volatile profile of cooked wild sport-hunted Iberian red deer meat. Twenty-three loin samples from male red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) were cooked and the volatile profile was analysed using solid phase microextraction, followed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-five volatile compounds were found. The major ones in number and relative abundance were aldehydes (84%), followed by alcohols (11%), hydrocarbons (2.4%), ketones (1.7%), furans (0.34%) and sulphur compounds (0.18%). Hexadecanal was the major compound and other long-chain compounds such as (E)-2-tetradecen-1-ol or 2-pentadecanone were also reported in considerable abundance. Several compounds related to grass-based diets were identified (2,3-octanedione, hexadecane or 1-pentadecanol). Odour impact ratio of volatile compounds was calculated and dimethyl trisulphide, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, decanal and dodecanal were the most odorant compounds affecting the flavour of the cooked deer meat.L.M. thanks the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and the Basque Government for her researcher contract. C.V. thanks the Department of Competitiveness & Economic Development of the Basque Government for his fellowship. Financial support was provided by the Basque (IT944-16) Government. Authors are grateful to the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Project INCYDEN, grant number RTC-2016-5327-2) and GAIN (Axencia Galega de Innovacion; grant number IN607A2019/01) for their financial support. Special thanks to Carnicas Dibe S.L. for supplying the samples. J.M.L. is member of the Health-yMeat network, funded by (ref. 119RT0568

Production, Processing, Commercialization and Analysis of Costumer Preferences of Sheep Cheese in Chile

The constant increase in the demand for dairy products and their derivatives has generated a higher consumption of dairy products (113.5 t/year). Chile has not been the exception; in 2017, it presented an average per capita consumption of 11.1 kg of cheese, making it the largest consumer in Latin America, followed by Argentina (7.5 kg) and Uruguay (5 kg). Although Chile does not have a strong tradition of consuming sheep’s milk cheese compared with other (European) countries, in recent years, there have been changes in the demands and expectations of cheese consumers, who demand higher quality and a wider range of varieties, thus establishing the potential for further products to enter the market. The global cheese industry has taken charge of these trends through the phenomenon of granting a premium value to certain products, adding new ingredients and flavors, producing limited editions of certain products, favoring traditional recipes and craft methods, and highlighting specific localities of origin. Given a greater appreciation for and popularity of locally produced cheeses and value-added products, particularly those with the highly valued “Designation of Origin” label, this would offer a potential for expansion in the Chilean market

Redes semánticas naturales sobre la práctica del psicólogo en escuelas públicas federales = (Natural semantic networks about the practice of the psychologist in federal public schools)

Resumen: El estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la representación subjetiva que tienen maestros y directivos de escuelas públicas federales sobre el trabajo del psicólogo en la institución educativa. Es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo, se utilizó como técnica las redes semánticas naturales. La muestra fue por conveniencia, participaron 218 sujetos. Los resultados más significativos nos indican que el núcleo de la representación subjetiva que tienen maestros y directivos sobre el psicólogo y su práctica está constituida primordialmente como la de un profesional que tiene como funciones apoyar, ayudar, orientar y guiar a la comunidad educativa. El concepto con mayor densidad del valor G, fue prejuicios con una G de 12.1. El concepto con menor densidad es objetivo con una G de 65.1. Lo cual nos indica que tienen prejuicios importantes en referencia al trabajo del psicólogo y que no hay una claridad sobre los objetivos que desempeña en la escuela. Abstract: The study aims to determine the subjective representation that teachers and administrators of federal public schools have about psychologists work at the educational institution. It is a descriptive exploratory study; it was used the natural semantic networks technique. It was used a convenience sample, involving 218 subjects. The most significant results indicate that the core of the subjective representation that teachers and administrators have about the psychologist and his practice consists primarily in the fact that it is a professional whose functions are giving support, help, guide and that leads the educational community. The concept with the highest density of G value was prejudice with a 12.1 G. The concept with the lowest density was objective with a 65.1 G. This tells us that they have substantial prejudice in reference to the work of the psychologist and that there is no clarity on the objectives that he plays at school