22 research outputs found

    TOLERÂNCIA DE JUVENIS DE PACU PIARACTUS MESOPOTAMICUS À ÁGUA SALINIZADA

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    O cloreto de sódio é um produto comumente utilizado durante a criação de peixes de água doce em manejos profiláticos e terapêuticos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e o tempo de tolerância de juvenis de pacu P. mesopotamicus submetidos a diferentes salinidades da água: 0 (água doce), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ‰, com três repetições, durante 20 dias. O experimento foi realizado em unidades contendo 12 litros de água cada, em sistema de água parada e substituição diária de 100% do volume. Em outro experimento, determinou-se o tempo de tolerância dos juvenis em concentrações de 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 e 50 ‰, por períodos de 15, 30 e 45 minutos de exposição. Posteriormente, nas salinidades de 30, 40 e 50‰, o tempo de tolerância foi investigado por períodos de 4, 8 e 12 minutos. Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) para o crescimento entre os animais mantidos nas salinidades de 0 a 9‰. Já nas salinidades de 15 e 12‰, observou-se a mortalidade total (100 %) após 6 e 24 horas de experimento, respectivamente. Nas salinidades mais elevadas, de 30, 40 e 50 ‰, observou-se 66, 100 e 100% de mortalidade nos tempos de 15, 30 e 45 minutos de exposição, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a permanência dos animais nas concentrações de 30, 40 e 50‰ por períodos de 4, 8 e 12 minutos não causou mortalidade dos peixes, e 100 % dos animais sobreviveram após o retorno para a água doce

    Revisiting the metallothionein genes polymorphisms and the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Brazilian population

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    Metallothioneins (MTs) gene polymorphisms have been associated with the ability of free radical scavenging and detoxification of heavy metals leading to cancer development. Our aim was to revisit, in a Brazilian population, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MT gene family previously associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A case-control investigation with 28 OSCC patients and 45 controls was conducted, using conventional risk factors (tobacco use and alcohol consumption) as covariates. SNPs genotyping for rs8052334 (MT1B), rs964372 (MT1B), and rs1610216 (MT2A) was performed by PCR-RFLP, and SNPs for rs11076161 (MT1A) were analyzed by TaqMan assay. The only SNP associated with increased risk for OSCC was the MT-1A AA genotype (OR = 4.7; p = 0.01). We have also evidenced for the first time a significant linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs of MT-2A and MT-1A in this population with the highest frequency (30%) of the unfavorable haplotype G/A/C/T (rs1610216 / rs11076161 / rs964372 / rs8052334) of MT gene polymorphisms (OR = 6.2; p = 0.04). Interestingly, after removing the effects of conventional risk factors, we have uncovered the significance of the AA genotype of the rs11076161 with increased odds of 19-fold higher towards OSCC development. This is the first demonstration that a significant linkage disequilibrium among gene polymorphisms of the MT family may affect susceptibility to oral cancer, which is conditioned by the G/A/C/T haplotype (rs1610216/rs11076161/rs964372/ rs8052334) and the MT-1A gene polymorphism has a potential clinical utility for the OSCC risk assessment

    Alturas do dossel dos capins Mulato II e Marandu em sistema de baixa intensificação na Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso / Canopy heights of Mulato II and Marandu grass in a low- intensification system in lowland region of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

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    Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas e a composição bromatológica da Urochloa híbrida cv. Mulato II em comparação à Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, sob diferentes alturas do dossel simulando sistema de baixa intensificação. O delineamento experimental foi casualizado em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo duas forrageiras (Mulato II e Marandu) e quatro alturas de corte pré-desfolhação (30, 45, 60 e 75 cm). As avaliações foram realizadas ao longo do ano, separadas por estações (outono, inverno/primavera e verão). No outono, a massa de forragem (MF) do capim Mulato II, com corte de 30 cm, apresentou menor fração de fibra (FDNcp e FDA) e nitrogênio insolúvel em detergente ácido (NIDA). O capim Mulato II apresentou rendimento de matéria seca semelhante ao capim Marandu, mas tem melhor composição morfológica, maior teor de proteína bruta e menores valores de fibra que o capim Marandu em sistema sem utilização de adubação na Baixada Cuiabana. Para ambos os capins a altura de corte ou pré-pastejo de 30 cm permite maior número de ciclos de corte ou pastejo com produção de forragem de melhor qualidade

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    O Largo da Banana e a presença negra em São Paulo

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    The Largo da Banana relates to the history of the black population in São Paulo. Acknowledged as one of São Paulo’s “cradle” of samba, samba musicians are its main spokespersons. Largo da Banana used to be located near the former Barra Funda Railway Station. From the first decades to around half the Twentieth century, informal laborers in the railway logistics used to gather together in that space. Within a precarious and unsteady daily life, they used to play samba and tiririca. In the fifties, the municipality built the Pacaembu Viaduct in that area, aiming to extend the homonym avenue beyond the railway road. In the sixties, samba musician Geraldo Filme wrote two songs in which he paid homage to Largo da Banana and regrettedits disappearance after the viaduct’s inauguration. In these and other of his songs, the artist recorded his perceptions on the life conditions of São Paulo’s blacks and samba musicians, their sociabilities, and also the urban changes he witnessed. Considering that his artistic work contributes to enlighten aspects of social reality, I analyze some of his songs to interpret the sociabilities at Largo da Banana, as well as the urban intervention in that location.O Largo da Banana está associado à história da população negra em São Paulo. Reconhecido como um dos “berços” do samba paulista, é sobretudo através dos próprios sambistas que essa história pode hoje ser conhecida. Localizado junto à antiga estação da Barra Funda, desde as primeiras décadas até meados do século passado, aquele espaço concentrou trabalhadores informais vinculados às atividades da ferrovia. Em meio a um cotidiano precário e instável, essa população realizava rodas de samba e de tiririca. Nos anos 1950, foi construído naquele local o Viaduto Pacaembu, que prolongava a avenida homônima para além davia férrea. A partir da década de 1960, o sambista negro Geraldo Filme compôs duas canções em que homenageava o Largo da Banana e lamentava seu desaparecimento após a inauguração do viaduto. Nessas e em outras composições, o artista registrou suas percepções sobre as condições de vida da população negra e sambista na cidade, suas sociabilidades, bem como sobre as transformações urbanas que testemunhou. Considerando que sua obra artística contribui para iluminar aspectos da realidade social, ela é adotada como fonte para analisar as formas de sociabilidade no Largo da Banana e a intervenção urbanística naquele local

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
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