Avaliação da qualidade de vida de idosos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde

A hipertensão arterial (HAS) é um problema grave de saúde pública pela sua alta predominância e morbimortalidade. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica atendidos emunidades básicas de saúde, do município de Caucaia, Ceará. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em cinco unidades básicas de saúde por meio da aplicação de um questionário sócio demográfico e um questionário específico para a hipertensão arterial, MINICHAL-BRASIL. A amostra foi composta por 73 idosos. Dos participantes avaliados, a maioria era mulheres com idade média de 70 anos, casada, com baixa escolaridade, baixa renda familiar, na faixa de sobrepeso ou obesidade, com risco muito aumentado de complicações metabólicas, dieta controlada, não etilista, história familiar de doenças cardiovasculares, portadoras de diabetes e dislipidemia e pressão arterial entre controlada e estágio I e II. Esses dados sugerem a necessidade de efetivar ações de promoção à saúde, dirigidas para a educação e prática na prevenção dos fatores de risco, proporcionando uma melhora na qualidade de vida da população. Neste contexto, salienta-se a importância da equipe multiprofissional no controle da HAS e na prevenção das complicações crônicas

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC.  The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively. And for differential leukocyte counts, for males and females: eosinophils 2.12 ± 1.09% and 2.16 ± 1.71%; monocytes 2.84 ± 1.03% and 2.68 ± 1%; lymphocytes 68 ± 8.36% and 71.76 ± 5.9%; neutrophils 27.04 ± 8.55% and 22.96 ± 5.54%. Basophils were not quantified in the samples. As for the biochemical parameters, values of 54.16 ± 27.8 UI/L and 29.72 ± 4.4 UI/L of  ALT; 89.56 ± 47.73 UI/L and 71.32 ± 8.12 UI/L of AST; 3.76 ± 2.08 UI/L and 2.32 ± 0.85 UI/L of  FAL; 31.76 ± 21.08 mg/dL and 41.48 ± 13.61 mg/dL of urea; and 0.76 ± 0.18 mg/dL and 0.44 ± 0.11 mg/dL of creatinine.Discussion: The mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte, and platelet counts diverged from those   found in literature. For the biochemical values, it was observed that creatinine values were different from those exhibited by other authors. Such divergences might be explained by the activity of endocrine organs, such as the production and/or release of activation/differentiation factors, and stress, applied methodology, lineage, or individual variability.  In addition, differences in the methodologies applied may be responsible for variations in hematological and biochemical values, requiring the standardization of the equipment and reagents used, as well as the adoption of a range that represents the minimum and maximum values within the normal physiological standard for given mouse lineage. In conclusion, the values presented in the present work are within the variation curve for rodents, and can be used as reference for other studies that use these animals

DIAGNÓSTICO DAS CONDIÇÕES HIGIÊNICO-SANITÁRIAS EM UMA FEIRA LOCALIZADA EM SÃO LUÍS (MA)

The inspection is carried out primarily in the obtaining, handling and processing of products of animal origin avoiding risks to consumers, thus practicing a form of preventive medicine through the safety of animal-derived foods. The present work aims to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the Mangueirão fair, located in the divinéia neighborhood, in the municipality of São Luís, in the state of Maranhão (MA), seeking errors in stalls that sell pork, for further actions of the public authorities. It was carried out through a checklist based on the Resolution of the Collegiate Board (RDC) No. 275/2002 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), a survey of errors such as: handling, packaging, storage, personal hygiene of handlers and inadequate local hygiene. A camera was used to capture the images and notepad to record the observed data. In view of the above, it was concluded that the conditions of the fair are unfavorable, with great possibility of food contamination and occurrences of Food Borne Diseases. Because it is a free fair with a large circulation of people, this work provided the population with the knowledge of its health diagnosis as a benefit. Therefore, measures such as the implementation of GMP, from the field to commercialization, could minimize the risks of contamination and should be implemented in these establishments of sales of fresh products.La inspección se lleva a cabo principalmente en la obtención, manipulación y procesamiento de productos de origen animal evitando riesgos para los consumidores, practicando así una forma de medicina preventiva a través de la seguridad de los alimentos de origen animal. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar las condiciones higiénicas y sanitarias de la feria de Mangueirão, ubicada en el barrio divinéia, en el municipio de São Luís, en el estado de Maranhão (MA), buscando errores en puestos que venden carne de cerdo, para acciones adicionales de las autoridades públicas. Se llevó a cabo a través de una lista de verificación basada en la Resolución de la Junta Colegiada (RDC) Nº 275/2002 de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria (ANVISA), una encuesta de errores como: manipulación, embalaje, almacenamiento, higiene personal de los manipuladores e higiene local inadecuada. Se utilizó una cámara para capturar las imágenes y un bloc de notas para registrar los datos observados. En vista de lo anterior, se concluyó que las condiciones de la feria son desfavorables, con gran posibilidad de contaminación de alimentos y ocurrencia de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos. Debido a que es una feria gratuita con una gran circulación de personas, este trabajo proporcionó a la población el conocimiento de su diagnóstico de salud como un beneficio. Por lo tanto, medidas como la implementación de GMP, desde el campo hasta la comercialización, podrían minimizar los riesgos de contaminación y deberían implementarse en estos establecimientos de venta de productos frescos.A inspeção é realizada primeiramente na obtenção, na manipulação e no beneficiamento dos produtos de origem animal evitando riscos aos consumidores, praticando, deste modo, uma forma de medicina preventiva através da inocuidade dos alimentos derivados dos animais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias da feira do Mangueirão, localizada no bairro da Divinéia, no município de São Luís, no estado do Maranhão (MA), buscando erros em barracas que comercializam carne suína, para posteriores ações do poder público. Foi realizado através de um checklist baseado na Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 275/2002 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), um levantamento de erros como: manipulação, acondicionamento, armazenamento, higiene pessoal dos manipuladores e higiene local inadequados. Foi utilizada câmera para captura das imagens e bloco de anotações para registro dos dados observados. Diante do exposto, concluiu-se que as condições da feira são desfavoráveis, com grande possibilidade de contaminação de alimentos e ocorrências de Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. Por ser feira livre com grande circulação de pessoas, esse trabalho proporcionou como benefício à população o conhecimento de seu diagnóstico sanitário. Portanto, medidas como a implantação de BPF, desde o campo até a comercialização, poderiam minimizar os riscos de contaminação devendo ser implantadas nesses estabelecimentos de vendas de produtos in natura.  A inspeção é realizada primeiramente na obtenção, na manipulação e no beneficiamento dos produtos de origem animal evitando riscos aos consumidores, praticando, deste modo, uma forma de medicina preventiva através da inocuidade dos alimentos derivados dos animais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias da feira do Mangueirão, localizada no bairro da Divinéia, no município de São Luís, no estado do Maranhão (MA), buscando erros em barracas que comercializam carne suína, para posteriores ações do poder público. Foi realizado através de um checklist baseado na Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 275/2002 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), um levantamento de erros como: manipulação, acondicionamento, armazenamento, higiene pessoal dos manipuladores e higiene local inadequados. Foi utilizada câmera para captura das imagens e bloco de anotações para registro dos dados observados. Diante do exposto, concluiu-se que as condições da feira são desfavoráveis, com grande possibilidade de contaminação de alimentos e ocorrências deDoenças Transmitidas por Alimentos. Por ser feira livre com grande circulação de pessoas, esse trabalho proporcionou como benefício à população o conhecimento de seu diagnóstico sanitário. Portanto, medidas como a implantação de BPF, desde o campo até a comercialização, poderiam minimizar os riscos de contaminação devendo ser implantadas nesses estabelecimentos de vendas de produtos in natura.

CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE SÊMEN EM ONÇAS PINTADAS DE CATIVEIRO: CRIOPRESERVAÇÃO DE SÊMEN EM ONÇAS PINTADAS DE CATIVEIRO

The jaguar is one of the main important animals of the Brazilian fauna and among all felines, the jaguar (Panthera onca) is only smaller than the lion (Panthera leo) and the tiger (Panthera tigris), soon being classified as the largest cat from all over the American continent. Despite all the recognition and importance, the species has undergone a significant reduction in the number of individuals. This species has been maintaining its conservation status as a vulnerable species for a long time, according to the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, and close to threatened, according to the classification of the IUCN Red List. The main causes that lead to a decrease in the population of this species are related to the reduction in the number of natural prey such as deer, peccary and collared peccary, and mainly due to the expansion of urban areas, destruction of natural habitats, being hit by roads and illegal hunting. Such factors capable of reducing the population of these animals have been constantly worsening due mainly to ineffective public policies for the protection of endangered species. Against this background, researchers are working to develop strategies to protect the species. The conservation strategy of greater prominence and of quicker result in the short term is the reproductive biotechniques, since such techniques are able to increase the number of individuals in a short period of time. In reproductive biotechniques, semen cryopreservation (freezing) stands out, a technique in which samples can be stored under extremely negative temperatures for a long period of time and the material can also be moved to any location.A onça-pintada é um dos principais animais da fauna brasileira e dentre todos os felinos, a onça-pintada (Panthera onca) somente é menor que o leão (Panthera leo) e o tigre (Panthera tigris), logo sendo classificada como o maior felino de todo o continente americano. Apesar de todo o reconhecimento e importância, a espécie vem sofrendo significativa redução no número de indivíduos. Já há bastante tempo essa espécie vem mantendo seu status de conservação como espécie vulnerável, segundo o Ministério do Meio Ambiente, e próximo de ameaçada, segundo classificação da Lista Vermelha da IUCN. As principais causas que levam à diminuição da população desta espécie estão ligadas à redução no número de suas presas naturais como cervos, queixadas e catetos, e principalmente devido à expansão de áreas urbanas, destruição dos habitats naturais, atropelamentos em rodovias e caça ilegal. Tais fatores capazes de reduzir a população desses animais vem se agravando constantemente devido principalmente as políticas públicas ineficazes para a proteção de espécies ameaçadas. Na contramão desta situação, pesquisadores trabalham visando o desenvolvimento de estratégias com o intuito de proteger a espécie. A estratégia de conservação de maior destaque e de resultado mais rápido a curto prazo são as biotécnicas reprodutivas, uma vez que tais técnicas são capazes de aumentar o número de indivíduos em um curto espaço de tempo. Nas biotécnicas reprodutivas, destaca-se a criopreservação (congelamento) de sêmen, técnica na qual se permite armazenar amostras sob temperaturas extremamente negativas, por um longo período de tempo e também deslocar o material para quaisquer localidades

Histórico do desenvolvimento do cultivo de células animais: Uma Revisão

The cultivation of animal cells has been around for 100 years. The pioneering studies by researchers such as Harrison, Carel and Roux, contributed to the development of the technique and encouragement to other works related to cell culture. Cultivation can be defined as a set of practices that allow the maintenance of cells in an in vitro system independent of the original tissue under controlled conditions. The first cultures are summarized to fragmented tissue submerged in blood plasma (or serum of animal origin) contained in flasks. Currently, the cell culture has numerous applications from biotechnological production of recombinant molecules, monoclonal antibodies, human and veterinary vaccines, to the production of grafts for transplantation. Many of these advances have been possible only through establishing stable cell lines and the discovery of specific culture systems for each cell type. Therefore, this article aims to present a historical overview of animal cell culture, showing the future expectations of this technology, and expose worldwide reference cell lines.O cultivo de células animais existe há cerca de 100 anos. Os estudos pioneiros de pesquisadores como Harrison, Carel e Roux, contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da técnica e para encorajamento de outros trabalhos relacionados ao cultivo de células. Cultivo pode ser definido como um conjunto de práticas que permitem a manutenção de células em um sistema in vitro independente do tecido de origem sob condições controladas. Os primeiros cultivos resumiam-se a tecidos fragmentados submersos em plasma sanguíneo (ou soro do animal de origem) contidos em frascos. Atualmente, o cultivo de células apresenta inúmeras aplicações, desde a produção biotecnológica de moléculas recombinantes, anticorpos monoclonais, vacinas veterinárias e humanas, à produção de enxertos para transplantes. Muitos desses avanços só foram possíveis graças ao estabelecimento de linhagens celulares estáveis e a descoberta de sistemas de cultivo específicos para cada tipo celular. Portanto, o presente artigo tem como finalidade apresentar um apanhado histórico do cultivo de células animais, além de expor as linhagens celulares de referência mundial

Haematological and Biochemical Profile of Balb-c Mice

Background: Animal models are widely used in scientific research because of the ability to generate information from an organism like everything under a given experimental condition. Hematological and biochemical tests in laboratory animals are essential for the validation of several scientific studies. In addition, it standardizes physiological values   for these animals according to their sex, age, lineage, environment, and nutritional status. The present work aims to establish reference values   for biochemical and hematological standards in Balb/c mice, for males and females.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 50 male and female mice were used at reproductive age. The procedures for collecting, processing, and analyzing the samples were standardized.  The collected blood samples were immediately transferred to eppendorf tubes containing heparin, and intended for hematological and biochemical evaluation. The hematological evaluation consisted of Red blood cell count (RBC), Leukocyte counts (WBC), Platelet counts (PLT), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Already the quantified biochemical parameters were: urea, creatinine, alanina aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartato aminotransaminase (AST) and fosfatase alcalina (FAL). The differential leukocyte count was also performed. Hematological results obtained for males and females were: 9.19 ± 3.35 (106/mm³) and 7.3 ± 2.01(106/mm³) of RBC; 35.8 ± 6.7% and 38.44 ± 3.93% of HCT; 11.51 ± 2.17 g/dL and 11.85 ± 1.56 g/dL of HGB; 45.83 ± 15.03 fL and 60.26 ± 18.25 fL of VCM; 31.80 ± 1.15% and 31.88 ± 0.99% of MCHC; and, 5380 ± 1994.21(10³/mm³) and 3564 ± 1071(10³/mm³) of WBC.  The platelet counts were 878.92 ± 84.19 and 678.28 ± 227.21, for males and females respectively. And for differential leukocyte counts, for males and females: eosinophils 2.12 ± 1.09% and 2.16 ± 1.71%; monocytes 2.84 ± 1.03% and 2.68 ± 1%; lymphocytes 68 ± 8.36% and 71.76 ± 5.9%; neutrophils 27.04 ± 8.55% and 22.96 ± 5.54%. Basophils were not quantified in the samples. As for the biochemical parameters, values of 54.16 ± 27.8 UI/L and 29.72 ± 4.4 UI/L of  ALT; 89.56 ± 47.73 UI/L and 71.32 ± 8.12 UI/L of AST; 3.76 ± 2.08 UI/L and 2.32 ± 0.85 UI/L of  FAL; 31.76 ± 21.08 mg/dL and 41.48 ± 13.61 mg/dL of urea; and 0.76 ± 0.18 mg/dL and 0.44 ± 0.11 mg/dL of creatinine.Discussion: The mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocyte, and platelet counts diverged from those   found in literature. For the biochemical values, it was observed that creatinine values were different from those exhibited by other authors. Such divergences might be explained by the activity of endocrine organs, such as the production and/or release of activation/differentiation factors, and stress, applied methodology, lineage, or individual variability.  In addition, differences in the methodologies applied may be responsible for variations in hematological and biochemical values, requiring the standardization of the equipment and reagents used, as well as the adoption of a range that represents the minimum and maximum values within the normal physiological standard for given mouse lineage. In conclusion, the values presented in the present work are within the variation curve for rodents, and can be used as reference for other studies that use these animals

The Manguinhos Alhambra: islamophilia and ornamental function in the “Castelo Mourisco” in Rio de Janeiro

El llamado Castelo Mourisco constituye un modelo exacto de la función elevada que corresponde a la arquitectura. Más interesante todavía cuando se trata de la sede de un instituto de ciencias biomédicas de prestigio mundial, cuyo cuidado diseño evidencia el compromiso humanista de Oswaldo Cruz, su impulsor. Solo gracias a la impecable alianza entre promotor y proyectista pueden lograrse realizaciones arquitectónicas como ésta, donde se traspasan los límites constructivos hasta simbolizar la fusión de ciencia, historia y arte. El análisis de los variados recursos estilísticos utilizados en el edificio justifica su elección y vigencia, pues desde hace un siglo no solo ocupa el corazón del campus de Manguinhos, sino que también actualiza el espíritu de la institución que alberga.The so-called Castelo Mourisco provides an accurate model of the elevated function of architecture. It is all the more interesting because it is the headquarters of an internationally-renowned institute of biomedical sciences, and its meticulous design reveals the humanist ideals of Oswaldo Cruz, its founder. Only through a faultless alliance between founder and designer can architectural creations like this one arise; it transcends the limits of construction to symbolize the fusion of science, history and art. Analysis of the various stylistic resources used in the building justifies their selection and continued relevance, since for a century it has not only occupied the heart of the Manguinhos campus, but also continued to express the modern spirit of the institution it harbors

Safety and efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods: A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results: A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57\u201375) years (54\ub79 per cent men). Some 1153 (27\ub77 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1\u20133, of whom 1061 (92\ub70 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4\ub76 versus 4\ub78 days; hazard ratio 1\ub704, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub796 to 1\ub712; P = 0\ub7360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5\ub74 versus 4\ub76 per cent; P = 0\ub7349) or acute kidney injury (14\ub73 versus 13\ub78 per cent; P = 0\ub7666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35\ub73 versus 56\ub77 per cent; P < 0\ub7001). Conclusion: NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9\ub72 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4\u20137) and 7 (6\u20138) days respectively (P < 0\ub7001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6\ub76 versus 8\ub70 per cent; P = 0\ub7499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0\ub790, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub755 to 1\ub746; P = 0\ub7659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34\ub77 versus 39\ub75 per cent; major 3\ub73 versus 3\ub74 per cent; P = 0\ub7110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients