Records and distribution of the Afro Asian species Digitonthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Argentina

Se cita por primera vez el escarabajo coprófago Digitonthophagus gazella Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) para Argentina, por lo que se amplía su área de distribución geográfica en Sudamérica. Esta especie de origen afro-asiático fue capturada mediante colecta manual en estiércol de ganado bovino y equino, con trampas de luz y trampas de caída cebadas con estiércol en seis provincias del centro y norte argentino entre los años 2006 y 2009.The occurrence of the dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is reported for the first time for Argentina. The record of this species represents an extension of its geographical range in South America. This species of Afro Asian origin was captured by manual collection in cattle dung, light traps, and dung baited pitfall traps in six provinces of Northern and Central Argentina between 2006 and 2009.Fil: Alvarez Bohle, María Celeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura. Laboratorio de Biología de los Artrópodos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Damborsky, Miryam Pieri. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura. Laboratorio de Biología de los Artrópodos; ArgentinaFil: Bar, María E.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y Agrimensura. Laboratorio de Biología de los Artrópodos; ArgentinaFil: Ocampo, Federico Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; Argentin

Presence of Triatoma sordida Stäl, 1859 in Corrientes city urban ecotopes

Com o objetivo de verificar a presença de T. sordida em ecótopos urbanos da cidade de Corrientes, Argentina, tomaram-se como base um habitat extradomiciliário e a domicílio. Em um pombal situado no parque Mitre foi realizado censo da população de T. sordida para o qual foram dissecados 400 ninhos de pombas (Columbia livia). Os exemplares detectados no domicílio foram enviados por moradores ao Laboratório de Artrópodos. Os triatomíneos foram determinados sistematicamente e por classe de idade. A matéria fecal dos mesmos foi examinada ao microscópio com 400 aumentos para a identificação do Trypanosoma cruzi. No pombal coletaram-se 1.920 exemplares de T. sordida, população constituída por ovos, ninfas e adultos. Em 27 domicílios foi constatada a presença desta espécie, capturando-se 13 ovos, 33 ninfas de diferentes estádios, 27 fêmeas e 9 machos. Nenhum triatomíneo resultou infectado por T. cruzi. Os adultos de T. sordida deslocaram-se ao domicílio na primavera e verão, sendo que 33% do material encontrado nos domicílios correspondeu a fêmeas. Comprovaram-se a adaptação de T. sordida a um habitat extradomiciliário e a sua tendência a invadir domicílio, fatos que se deveriam ter em conta nos programas de controle de vectores.Con el objeto de verificar la presencia de T. sordida Stäl 1859, en ecotopos urbanos de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina se tomaron como base un habitat extradomiciliario y la vivienda humana. En el palomar situado en el Parque Mitre fue realizado un censo completo de población de T. sordida para lo cual fueron disecados 400 nidos de paloma (Columbia livia). Los ejemplares de triatominos detectados en las viviendas fueron enviados por los pobladores al Laboratorio de Artrópodos. Los triatominos fueron determinados sistemáticamente y por clase de edad. La materia fecal de los mismos fue examinada al microscopio para la identificación del Trypanosoma cruzi. En el palomar se colectaron: 6 huevos, 45 ninfas de primer estadío, 110 ninfas de segundo estadío, 226 ninfas de tercer estadío, 303 ninfas de cuarto estadío, 1.103 ninfas de quinto estadío, 12 hembras y 11 machos. Se constató la presencia de esta especie en 27 viviendas localizadas en 8 barrios de la Ciudad. Se capturaron 13 huevos, 33 ninfas de diferentes estadíos, 27 hembras y 9 machos, totalizando 82 individuos. Ningún triatomino resultó infectado por T. cruzi. Los adultos de T. sordida se desplazaron hacia el domicilio en primavera y verano. Es de destacar que el 33% del material hallado en las viviendas correspondió a hembras. Se ha comprobado la adaptación de T. sordida a un habitat extradomiciliario y su tendencia a invadir la vivienda humana, hecho que se debería ser tenido en cuenta en los programas de control de vectores.With the intention of verifying the presence of T. sordida Stäl 1859 in urban ecotopes in Corrientes city, Argentina, both, human dwellings and an extradomiciliary habitat were taken as a basis. A complete T. sordida population census was carried on in Mitre Park pigeon house and 400 pigeon nests (Columbia livia) were dissected. The triatomineos samples that had been detected in human dwellings were sent to the Arthropods Laboratory by their inhabitants. These triatomineos were classified systematically and according to their age class. Their feces were examined under a microscope 400 x, so as to identify Trypanosoma cruzi. Six eggs, 45 first-instar nymphs, 110 second-instar nymphs, 226 third-instar nymphs, 303 fourth-instar nymphs, 1.103 fifth-instar nymphs, 12 females and 11 males were collected from the pigeon house. The presence of this species was verified in the 27 houses, situated in 8 different neighborhoods in the city; 13 eggs, 33 different instar nymphs, 27 females and 9 males were captured, 82 samples altogether. No triatomineo was infected by T. cruzi. T. sordida, adults moved towards the houses in Spring and Summer. Of the material found in human dwellings 33% was female. The adaptation of T. sordida to extra-domestic habitats and their tenfency to invade human houses has thus been verified. This fact should be taken into account in vector control programs

Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) associated with two degraded forests in the humid Chaco of Corrientes, Argentina.

El importante avance de la degradacion de bosques en la Provincia Biogeografica del Chaco, Argentina, conlleva una perdida importante de su poco conocida biodiversidad. Se realizo un estudio de la fauna de aranas en dos bosques de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, correspondientes al Distrito Oriental Humedo del Chaco, en las localidades de Laguna Brava y El Perichon. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales entre los anos 2001 y 2002. Las aranas recolectadas (2 067 individuos de 33 familias y 226 especies/ morfoespecies) fueron obtenidas por golpeteo del estrato arbustivo y tamizado de hojarasca. Las familias Araneidae, Anyphaenidae, Salticidae y Theridiidae fueron las mas abundantes en los dos bosques. El gremio de aranas constructoras de telas orbiculares presento el mayor numero de individuos (n=382) y el de cazadoras al acecho la mayor riqueza (S=56). En Laguna Brava se observo mayor abundancia en el verano (n=287) y primavera (n=273) y en el Perichon en invierno (n=315). La riqueza especifica y el valor de los indices de diversidad, fueron mayores en Laguna Brava (S=134, H'=4.23, E=0.86, D=0.023) que en El Perichon (S=127, H'=4.08, E=0.84, D=0.029). La similitud entre ambos bosques fue MH=0.611.The advancing degradation of the forest in the biogeographic Chaco province (Argentina) produces an important loss of its little known biodiversity. We studied the spider biodiversity in two forests of Corrientes, Argentina’s “Distrito Oriental Húmedo del Chaco”: Laguna Brava and El Perichón. Seasonal samplings of foliage and fallen leaves between 2001 and 2002 produced 2 067 individuals from 33 families and 226 species/ morphospecies). The families Araneidae, Anyphaenidae, Salticidae and Theridiidae were the most abundant in both forests. The “orb weavers” guild had the highest number of specimens (n=382) and “stalkers” the highest richness (S=56). In Brava, highest abundance was in the summer (n=287) and spring (n=273), in Perichón, it was in winter (n=315). The specific richness and the diversity indexes were higher in Brava (S=134, H´=4.23, E=0.86, D=0.023) than in Perichón (S=127, H´=4.08, E=0.84, D=0.029). The similarity value between both forests was MH=0.611.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Ciclo de vida de Triatoma Rubrovaria (Blanchard 1843) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) bajo condiciones de laboratorio

El objetivo de esta experiencia fue conocer las características vitales de Triatoma rubrovaria. Se conformaron 5 cohortes de 100 huevos cada una. Se investigó con huevos puestos entre 0-48 horas. Las ninfas se criaron en recipientes de 300 cm3 , acondicionados con papel Whatman Nº 4 plegado en su interior para facilitar el acceso al recurso alimenticio. Los ejemplares se alimentaron sobre ave (gallina). La muda y la mortalidad se controlaron semanalmente. La experimentación se llevó a cabo a 28 ± 3ºC y 63 ± 10% de HR. El tiempo promedio de incubación fue de 16 días, la duración media del estado ninfal fue de 246,9 días y la duración del ciclo huevoadulto abarcó 262,8 días. La supervivencia de huevos fue del 94,8% y la mortalidad ninfal del 70,0%. Se concluye que T. rubrovaria completó una generación en menos de un año, presentó un porcentaje de eclosión de huevos elevado, la duración media de los estadios ninfales resultó corta y la tasa de mortalidad ninfal alta

The impact of muscle relaxation techniques on the quality of life of cancer patients, as measured by the FACT-G questionnaire

Introduction Patients with cancer frequently suffer from emotional distress, characterized by psychological symptoms such as anxiety or depression. The presence of psychological symptoms combined with the complex nature of oncology processes can negatively impact patients' quality of life. We aimed to determine the impact of a relaxation protocol on improving quality of life in a sample of oncological patients treated in the Spanish National Public Health System. Materials and methods We conducted a multicenter interventional study without a control group. In total, 272 patients with different oncologic pathologies and showing symptoms of anxiety were recruited from 10 Spanish public hospitals. The intervention comprised abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation training, according to Bernstein and Borkovec. This was followed by weekly telephone calls to each patient over a 1-month period. We collected sociodemographic variables related to the disease process, including information about mental health and the intervention. Patients' quality of life was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire. Bivariate and univariate analyses were performed, along with an analysis of multiple correspondences to identify subgroups of patients with similar variations on the FACT-G. Results Patients showed statistically significant improvements on the FACT-G overall score (W = 16806; p<0.001), with an initial mean score of 55.33±10.42 and a final mean score of 64.49±7.70. We also found significant improvements for all subscales: emotional wellbeing (W = 13118; p<0.001), functional wellbeing (W = 16155.5; p<0.001), physical wellbeing (W = 8885.5; p<0.001), and social and family context (W = ?1840; p = 0.037). Conclusions Patients with cancer who learned and practiced abbreviated progressive muscle relaxation experienced improvement in their perceived quality of life as measured by the FACT-G. Our findings support a previous assumption that complementary techniques (including relaxation techniques) are effective in improving the quality of life of patients with cancer

Advances in estimation by the item sum technique using auxiliary information in complex surveys

To collect sensitive data, survey statisticians have designed many strategies to reduce nonresponse rates and social desirability response bias. In recent years, the item count technique (ICT) has gained considerable popularity and credibility as an alternative mode of indirect questioning survey, and several variants of this technique have been proposed as new needs and challenges arise. The item sum technique (IST), which was introduced by Chaudhuri and Christofides (2013) and Trappmann et al. (2014), is one such variant, used to estimate the mean of a sensitive quantitative variable. In this approach, sampled units are asked to respond to a two-list of items containing a sensitive question related to the study variable and various innocuous, nonsensitive, questions. To the best of our knowledge, very few theoretical and applied papers have addressed the IST. In this article, therefore, we present certain methodological advances as a contribution to appraising the use of the IST in real-world surveys. In particular, we employ a generic sampling design to examine the problem of how to improve the estimates of the sensitive mean when auxiliary information on the population under study is available and is used at the design and estimation stages. A Horvitz-Thompson type estimator and a calibration type estimator are proposed and their efficiency is evaluated by means of an extensive simulation study. Using simulation experiments, we show that estimates obtained by the IST are nearly equivalent to those obtained using “true data” and that in general they outperform the estimates provided by a competitive randomized response method. Moreover, the variance estimation may be considered satisfactory. These results open up new perspectives for academics, researchers and survey practitioners, and could justify the use of the IST as a valid alternative to traditional direct questioning survey modes.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of SpainMinisterio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporteproject PRIN-SURWE

Relationships, love and sexuality: what the Filipino teens think and feel

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In order to achieve a change among teens' sexual behavior, an important step is to improve our knowledge about their opinions concerning relationships, love and sexuality.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A questionnaire including topics on relationships, love and sexuality was distributed to a target population of 4,000 Filipino students from third year high school to third year college. Participants were obtained through multi-stage sampling of clusters of universities and schools. This paper concentrates on teens aged 13 to 18.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Students reported that they obtained information about love and sexuality mainly from friends. However, they valued parents' opinion more than friends'. They revealed few conversations with their parents on these topics. A majority of them would like to have more information, mainly about emotion-related topics. Almost half of respondents were not aware that condoms are not 100% effective in preventing STIs or pregnancies. More girls, compared to boys, were sensitive and opposed to several types of sexism. After adjusting for sex, age and institution, the belief of 100% condom effectiveness and the approval of pornography and sexism were associated with being sexually experienced.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There is room for further encouraging parents to talk more with their children about sexuality, specially aspects related to feelings and emotions in order to help them make better sexual choices. Indeed, teens wish to better communicate with their parents on these issues. Condoms are regarded as safer than what they really are by almost half of the participants of this study, and such incorrect knowledge seems to be associated with sexual initiation.</p