THE CUISINE OF THE EDE PEOPLE IN KMRONG PRŎNG VILLAGE, BUON MA THUOT (DAK LAK PROVINCE)

The Ede are a Malayo-Polynesian language-speaking ethnic group residing primarily in Dak Lak, Dak Nong, Phu Yen, and Khanh Hoa provinces. They have a rich and unique tangible and intangible culture. From 2017 to 2020, the authors carried out many field trips to Kmrong Prŏng A and Kmrong Prŏng B villages (Ea Tu Commune, Buon Ma Thuot) to research, collect, and inventory the material and spiritual cultural heritage of the Ede for conservation and exhibition at the Dak Lak provincial museum. In this article, we introduce some traditional dishes of the Ede in Krmong Prŏng village, research and evaluate traditional aspects of their cuisine, and propose some recommendations and solutions to preserve and promote the unique Ede cuisine in the current period of development and integration

Optimization of culture conditions of Streptomyces antibioticus strain 1083 to improve the antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila

Fish is a healthy, high protein and low fat food that encourages the health and growth of people, especially children. However, in fact fish is very sensitive to many diseases which affects the productivity and quality of fish. Therefore, identifying the cause of the diseases and finding preventive measures become an urgent task today. In the previous study, we isolated Streptomyces antibioticus strain 1083 that has the ability to antagonize Aeromonas hydrophila - a pathogenic bacterium in fish. Based on the obtained results, we continue to perform this study to determine optimal conditions for the culture of S. antibioticus strain 1083 in order to produce antimicrobial compounds against A. hydrophila. The production of antagonists by the strain 1083 was optimized by controlling the condition of different inoculations such as media, pH, temperature and incubation period. The results indicated that International Streptomyces Project 2 (ISP2) was the best medium for S. antibioticus strain 1083 to produce the highest antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila with 32 mm in diameter of inhibited zone. The actinomycete strain 1083 could express the maximum antimicrobial activity when they were incubated in shaker incubator (200rpm) at 40oC with pH8 in 8 days. The ability of the actinomycete strain in antagonism against A. hydrophila was evaluated by adding different culture medium volume of S. antibioticus strain 1083. With adding 10% cultured solution volume of S. antibioticus strain 1083 into the culture medium of A. hydrophila, after 1 day of inoculation the number of pathogenic bacteria cells were completely eliminated

Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from fruits of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley grown in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

In the present study, chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of the Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G Hartley in Dalat were evaluated. Essential oil was isolated through hydro-distillation. Twenty-nine constituents comprising 100% of the essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The major compounds in the essential oil were (+)-Sabinene (34.73%), Cis-α-bergamotene (13.15%), Z-α-trans-bergamotol (5.28%), β-mycrene (4.98%), and 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-(4.71%). Antibacterial activities of Melicope pteleifolia essential oil were investigated against Gram-positive and-negative bacteria. Results showed significant activities against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli using an agar well diffusion method. The application of this essential oil in preventing and eliminating bacteria could be useful in fields as medicine and cosmetics.

Cyanide detoxification efficiency of injection and soak of hydroxocobalamin, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate for sea water ornamental fish

The Oceanographic Museum offers interesting exhibits of several marine lives for tourist sightseeing and entertainment. These sea water ornamental fish are all caught in the wild. However, its health can be affected by cyanide poisoning during human fishing. Depending on the level of cyanide poisoning, fish can die after one and two weeks that caused economic damages for the museum. The present study is concerned with results of cyanide detoxification by using direct injection into cinnamon clownfish or soak of hydroxocobalamin, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate with the aim of improving the health, survival and life time for fish, contributing to increasing economic efficiency for the Oceanographic Museum

Viral Etiology of Encephalitis in Children in Southern Vietnam: Results of a One-Year Prospective Descriptive Study

Viral encephalitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in Vietnam. However little is known about the causes of the disease due to a lack of diagnostic facilities in this relatively resource-poor setting. Knowledge about the etiologies and clinical outcome of viral encephalitis is necessary for future design of intervention studies targeted at improvement of clinical management, treatment and prevention of the disease. We report the viral agents, clinical outcome and prognostic factors of mortality of encephalitis in children admitted to a referral hospital for children in southern Vietnam. We show that about one third of the enrolled patients die acutely, and that mortality is independently associated with patient age and Glasgow Coma Scale on admission. Japanese encephalitis, dengue virus and enterovirus (including enterovirus 71) are the major viruses detected in our patients. However, more than half of the patients remain undiagnosed, while mortality in this group is as high as in the diagnosed group. This study will benefit clinicians and public health in terms of clinical management and prevention of childhood encephalitis in Vietnam

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Caractéristiques immunomodulatrices de la galectine-9 : études expérimentales et translationnelles

Les galectines sont des lectines animales capables d'interagir avec des polysaccharides comportant des liaisons beta 1-3 ou beta 1-4 galactosides. Certaines galectines, notamment la galectine-9 (gal-9), peuvent être libérées dans le milieu extracellulaire où elles se comportent comme des cytokines en se liant à des protéines partenaires à la surface des cellules cibles. Tim-3 et Dectine-1 font partie des récepteurs membranaires de la gal-9 extra-cellulaire. Globalement les effets immunomodulateurs de la gal-9 qui sont très variés vont plutôt dans le sens de l’immunosuppression. Elle exerce un effet inhibiteur sur la plupart des cellules de l’immunité adaptative notamment les T CD8+ et d’autre part elle favorise une polarisation M2 des macrophages. La gal-9 est souvent impliquée dans les résistances primaires ou secondaires aux agents de l’immunothérapie classique. Le premier volet de mon travail de thèse se situait dans le cadre de la recherche cognitive et visait à explorer les modifications du phénotype des cellules T périphériques humaines activées in vitro et exposées pendant plusieurs jours à une concentration élevée de gal-9 extra-cellulaire. J'ai pu montrer qu'il en résulte une quasi-disparition des T CD8+ et un biais d’expansion des T CD4+ positif au bénéfice d’une sous-population ayant un phénotype proche de celui des T folliculaires avec une forte expression du ligand de CD40. Ces résultats font l’objet d’un manuscrit proche de la soumission. Le deuxième volet de ma thèse se situait dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche translationnelle et visait à déterminer le statut de la gal-9 plasmatique dans une série de 80 patients pris en charge pour des carcinomes des voies aérodigestives supérieures en rechute. Nous avons mise en évidence des concentrations plasmatiques de gal-9 plus élevées dans deux sous-groupes de patients : ceux dont la tumeur primitive dérivait de l’hypopharynx et ceux présentant plusieurs sites métastatiques. Un second manuscrit devant aussi intégrer des données sur les concentrations plasmatiques de gal-1 et gal-3 est en cours d'élaboration et devrait arriver à maturité au cours de l’été.Galectins are animal lectins with the ability to bind polysaccharides containing beta 1-3 or beta1-4 galactoside bonds. Certain galectins, notably galectin-9 (gal-9), can be released into the extracellular medium where they behave like cytokines by binding to partner proteins on the surface of target cells. Tim-3 and Dectin-1 are exemples of membrane receptors for extracellular gal-9. Overall, the immunomodulatory effects of gal-9, which are quite diverse, tend to result in immunossuppression. Gal-9 exerts an inhibitory effect on most cells of the adaptive immunity, in particular CD8 + T cells, and on the other hand, it promotes M2 polarization of macrophages. Gal-9 is often implicated in primary or secondary resistance to classical immunotherapy agents. The first part of my thesis work was in the context of cognitive research and aimed to explore the modifications of the phenotype of human peripheral T cells activated in vitro and exposed for several days to a high concentration of extracellular gal-9. I was able to show that the result is a virtual disappearance of CD8+ T and expansion of CD4+ T-cells with a bias in favor of a subpopulation with a phenotype similar to that of follicular T cells with a strong expression of the CD40 ligand. These results are the subject of a manuscript close to submission. The second part of my thesis was part of a translational research project and aimed to determine the status of plasma gal-9 in a series of 80 patients treated for relapsed Head and Neck carcinomas. We found higher plasma gal-9 concentrations in two subgroups of patients: those whose primary tumor was derived from the hypopharynx and those with multiple metastatic sites. We intend to also include data on plasma concentrations of gal-1 and gal-3 in a second manuscript which is under development and is expected to mature during the summer

ROLE OF TRUST IN IMPROVING PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN VIETNAM CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Bachelor'sBACHELOR OF SCIENCE (PROJECT AND FACILITIES MANAGEMENT

Evaluation of a natural resin-based new material (Shellac F) as a potential desensitizing agent

International audienceObjectives. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of Shellac F, a new fluoride varnish, and its effects on human dentin hydraulic conductance. Methods. Shellac F was compared to another fluoride varnish (Duraphat ®) and a fluoride containing desensitizing agent (Isodan ®). The cytotoxicity test was performed on human gingival fibroblasts and through dentin slice on human pulp fibroblasts. The hydraulic conductance (Lp) was recorded by fluid filtration with a Flodec device under a constant pressure (15 cm H 2 O). The treated surface of the dentin disks and their sections were also investigated with SEM. Results. The cytotoxicity test on gingival fibroblasts revealed that Duraphat ® was the least cytotoxic material, followed by Shellac F then Isodan ®. With dentin slice interposition, a lower level of cytotoxicity was obtained. All of them showed a lower cytotoxicity decreasing on further dilutions (p < 0.001). The measurement of hydraulic conductance showed that all materials resulted in a significant decrease in dentin permeability after 24 h comprising between 60 and 76%, but there was no statistically significant difference among the materials. This decrease was still over 50% of the initial values after 7 days for all three materials. SEM investigation showed dentin tubules covered with a thick layer of Shellac F or Duraphat ® whilst no material was observed on dentin surfaces treated with Isodan ®. Significance. Shellac F showed an adequate cellular compatibility and a significant effect on human dentin hydraulic conductance. This indicates that the new material is safe and seemstobeeffectiveasapotentialdesensitizingagent

Structure, Morphology and Optical Properties of Chiral N-(4-X-phenyl)-N-[1(S)-1-phenylethyl]thiourea, X= Cl, Br, and NO2

Three new enantiopure aryl-thioureas have been synthesized, N-(4-X-phenyl)-N-[1(S)-1-phenylethyl]thiourea, X= Cl, Br, and NO2 (compounds 1-3, respectively). Large single crystals of up to 0.5 cm3 were grown from methanol/ethanol solutions. Molecular structures were derived from X-ray diffraction studies and the crystal morphology was compared to calculations employing the Bravais-Friedel, Donnay-Harker model. Molecular packing was further studied with Hirshfeld surface calculations. Semi-empirical classical model calculations of refractive indices, optical rotation and the electro-optic effect were performed with OPTACT on the basis of experimentally determined refractive indices. Compound 3 (space group P 1 (No. 1)) was estimated to possess a large electro-optic coefficient r333 of approximately 30 pm/V, whereas 1 and 2 (space Group P 21 (No. 4) exhibit much smaller effects